Section 3Section 3

The War Moves SouthThe War Moves South

I. The War in the South

A. 1778 – British focuses on Southern colonies when France joins the war

1. Felt they had more support in the South

2. Captured Savannah, Georgia (12/29/1778)

3. Captured Charleston, South Carolina (5/12/1780)

B. Arnold Joins the British

1. 1780 -Benedict Arnold gets caught spying for the British

2. Becomes a British general

C. Patriot Raids

1. Patriots upset over losing Charleston

2. Want revenge – formed bands to raid British camps

3. Hit-and-run raids – successful

a. Skilled hunters

b. Knew land and could survive in the wilderness

D. “Swamp Fox”

1. Real name was Francis Marion

2. Imaginative war tactics

a. Quick strikes, run away

b. Struck at night

c. New camp every night

d. Hid in trees and whistled

e. Covered bridges with blankets

E. Battle of Cowpens

1. January 17th, 1781

2. Daniel Morgan (Patriot) defeats Banastre Tarleton (British)

F. Battle of Guilford Courthouse

1. March 15th, 1781

2. Daniel Morgan & Nathanial Greene (Patriot) defeats Charles Cornwallis (British)

3. Peter Francisco

a. 6’6” from Portugal

b. Fought in Virginia militia

c. Killed 11 British with his sword

d. Fought at Yorktown

II. African Americans and the War

A. 20% of population at start of war

B. Both sides encourage enlistment

1. British

a. Freedom for serving

b. 1,000 freed

2. Americans

a. Enlisted free or enslaved

b. 5,000 joined the war

Salem Poor – commended for skill as a soldier

C. Fighting for Freedom

1. Northern states attempted to end slavery

2. Southern states

a. Virginia passed laws to free ex-soldiers

b. Most slave holders didn’t free them

III. Women and the War

A. Northern states attempted to end slavery

1. Ran family farms & businesses

2. Worked at army camps

a. Cooked, sewed, carried ammunition, worked as nurses

b. Made soap, gathered rags, made bullets by melting down pewter pitchers & cups

B. Molly Pitcher

1. Carried water to men on battlefield

2. Helped wounded men

3. Fired a canon in place of her husband

4. Received $40 per month pension 40 years later