section 23.3. explain the reasons why the japanese attacked pearl harbor evaluate the decision for...
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America Enters the WarSection 23.3
Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese
attacked Pearl Harbor
Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States
Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale
Reasons for the Attack US places
embargo on Japan• Stopping trade on
oil, iron ore, fuel, steel and rubber
Hideki Tojo became Japanese Minister of War
Reasons for the Attack United States ultimate position on
Japanese expansion – NOV 26, 1941• Withdraw troops from Indo-China and China• Accept Chaing Kai-Shek as leader of China• Remove Japan from Tripartite Pact
This position undermined Japanese power greatly
Planning the Attack Admiral Yamamoto
planned the attack• Opposed the
Tripartite Pact Vice Admiral
Nagumo commanded the attack on Pearl Harbor
Results of the Attack 2500 people killed 8 battleships severely damaged 3 destroyers left unusable 3 light cruisers damaged 160 aircraft destroyed
• 128 damaged Aircraft carriers were out at sea on a
training mission. All were left intact
Declaration of War Congress votes 388 to 1 to declare
war on Japan Because of the Tripartite Pact, Hitler
and Mussolini declare war on the US• At this point in the war Hitler is fighting
Britain in the west, Soviet Union in the East and has now declared war on the United States.
Japanese Run Free With the American fleet in the Pacific
severely crippled, Japan has free reign in the pacific.
Japan takes Guam, Wake Island and Hong Kong
Japanese invade the Philippines
US Forces Overwhelmed General Douglas
MacArthur• Commander of US
forces in the Philippines
Forced to retreat from Manila to Corregidor Island
Bataan Death March MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to
Australia
Forces on Corregidor Island dug in and fought for 5 months• May 1942 – 75,000 Allied soldiers surrendered.
American Prisoners of War were forced to march 55 miles to reach a railway and then forced to march another 8 miles
Bataan Death March 9,300 Americans
and 45,000 Filipinos arrived in camp after the Death March
Approximately 7,000 Filipino troops died and 1,000 American POW’s died on the march
America Strikes Back Doolittle Raid – April 1942
• Goal was to “Bring the war home to the Japanese”
• 16 B-25 bombers sent to Tokyo on a bombing mission
• Proved a minimal military gain, but the attack boosted American morale as well as threatened the safety of the Japanese Emperor.
• Out of the 80 soldiers who volunteered, 71 made it home
Battle of Coral Sea May 1942 – Japanese and American
aircraft carriers engaged in battle• First fight in the sea that enemy ships never
sighted each other
Exclusively an air battle• Forced the Japanese to call off their attack
on New Guinea• Marked a shift in momentum for the war in
the Pacific
Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese
attacked Pearl Harbor
Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States
Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale