section 1.2: microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
TRANSCRIPT
Section 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
The microscope is an important tool
• Different types of microscopes are used to observe different things
Compound Light microscope- allow scientists to see living cells
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)- produce a 3-D image of a cell’s surface
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)- produce a 2-D image of the inside of a cell
**SEM and TEM do not allow scientists to see living cells, but they do magnify objects up to a million times**
Cells are divided into two categories
• The difference between the two types of cells is the location of the genetic material
• Eukaryotic cell - have a nucleus that contains the genetic material for a cell
• Prokaryotic cells - do not have a nucleus and the genetic material is in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
Cells are diverse• Eukaryotic cells
have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions
• cytoplasm- a jelly-like material inside the cell
Plant Cell
cytoplasm
Cells are diverse• Eukaryotic cells have organelles
- internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions
• cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell
• cell membrane - protective covering that controls entry into and out of cell“The Traffic Cop”
Plant Cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Organelles found in cells• Nucleus
- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function
“The Control Center”
Plant Cell
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell
needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein“Protein Factories”
Plant Cell
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell
needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”
• Endoplasmic reticulum- moves materials around the cell“Cell Highway”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell
needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”
• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway”
• Mitochondria- uses oxygen to process food (process
called cellular respiration)“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Organelles found in cells• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs
to reproduce and function. “The Control Center”• Ribosomes - process information from the
nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories”• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials
around the cell. “Cell Highway”• Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food in
a process called cellular respiration. “Powerhouse of the Cell”Golgi apparatus
- finishes processing and packaging proteins
“The Finisher”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
Organelles found in cells• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
Organelles found in cells• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”
• *cell wall - tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
cell wall
Organelles found in cells• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”• *cell wall
- tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell
• *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
chloroplast
cell wall
Organelles found in cells• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”• *cell wall
- tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell
• *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell
• *central vacuole - hold water, waste and other materials
in a plant cell
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondriacell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
chloroplast
cell wall
central vacuole
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells• *lysosomes
(only found in animal cells)
- break down waste materials
“Digestion Center”
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Golgi
apparatus
*lysosomes
vesicles
Animal Cell