section 1: the methods of science. identify the steps that scientists often use to solve problems. ...
DESCRIPTION
Science studies natural patterns. Science is classified into three main categories: life science, Earth science, and physical science.TRANSCRIPT
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The Nature of ScienceSection 1: The Methods of Science
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Learning GoalsIdentify the steps that scientists often use to solve problems.
Describe why scientists use variables.
Compare and contrast science and technology.
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ScienceScience studies natural
patterns.Science is classified into three
main categories: life science, Earth science, and
physical science.
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ScienceScience explains the natural
world; explanations can change over time. Ancient Greek philosophers
thought that everything was composed of five basic elements: ▪ earth, air, fire, water, and aether
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ScienceScientists investigate nature by
observation, experimentation, or modeling.
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Scientific Method Scientific method: organized
set of investigation procedures1. State a problem.
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Scientific Method2. Gather information
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Scientific Method3. Form a hypothesis based on knowledge and
observation. Hypothesis: TESTABLE statement that is
used to set up an experiment! 15 year old males are taller than 15 year old females
The Steelers are better than the Ravens Dinosaurs were blue in color
Bacteria do not need oxygen to survive
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Scientific Method4. An experiment with variables is a
common way to test a hypothesis. Experiment: a test of the effect of
one variable on another using controlled conditions.
Variable: a quantity that can have more than a single value.
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Scientific Methoda) An independent variable is the
variable changed in an experiment to see the effect.
b) A dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable.
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Scientific Method
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Scientific Methodc) A variable that does not change
when other variables change is a constant.
d) A control is the standard to which test results can be compared.
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Scientific Method5. Analyze data from an experiment
or investigation.Plant Amount of Water Amount of
SunHeight after two weeks
A 4 oz. every three days 6 hr/day 18cm
B 4 oz. every three days 0 hr/day 6cm
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Scientific Method6. Form a conclusion based on the
data.
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Scientific Method7. Reduce bias by keeping accurate
records, using measurable data, and repeating the experiment.
Bias: occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed.
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ModelsModel: represents
an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it. All models have
limitations.
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Theory versus LawTheory: an explanation based on
MANY observations and investigations
Scientific law: is a statement about something in nature that always seems to be true.
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Theory versus LawA theory can never become a law! Instead theories are used to explain laws.
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Limits of ScienceScience deals with the natural world; questions of value or emotion cannot be answered.
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TechnologyTechnology: applied science
helping people
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Section ReviewExplain why a control is needed in
a valid experiment.What is the dependent variable in
an experiment that shows how the volume of gas changes with changes in temperature?