section 1: kinetic molecular theory · kinetic-molecular theory 5 parts of kmt (of gases) 5 parts...
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Unit 11: States of Matter
Section 1: Kinetic Molecular Theory
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main difference between phases is… the distance between particles…
States of Matter
…which depends on two competing quantities:
IMAFs(intermolecular attractive forces
between particles)
KE(kinetic energy of the particles)
vs.
GAS LIQUID SOLID
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1) have negligible volume (are tiny) compared to the great distance between
2) have negligible attractions because they are so far apart
10 x
Kinetic-Molecular Theory5 Parts of KMT
(of Gases)
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5 Parts of KMT
4) have perfectly elastic collisions (transfer KE without loss)
elastic
inelastic
3) are in constant, random motion
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5) average KE is directly proportional to temperature Temp↑ as
KE↑
5 Parts of KMT
absolute zero
no KE
K = oC + 2730 K
373 K
273 K
–273oC –460oF
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highest KE,expands
higher KE,flows
low KE, vibrates
GASLIQUIDSOLID
compressible
video clip
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melting
freezing
vaporization
condensationsublimatio
n
deposition
SOLID LIQUID
GAS
Energy AbsorbedEnergy Released
Phase Changes
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freezing:l to s (lose KE)
liquid solid + energy
melting:s to l (gain KE)
liquid solid + energy
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boiling:l to g beneath surface
evaporation:l to g at surface
energy + liquid gasvaporization:
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condensation:g to l (lose KE)
cold water inside glass
condensed drops
outside glass
ice cubeswarm
water vapor in air
Is water in glass cooler or warmer ?
gas liquid + energy
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1) According to the kinetic molecular theory, gas particles...
A) are attracted to each other.B) are in constant random motion.C) have the same kinetic energy .D) have a significant volume.
Quick Quiz!
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2) The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is directly
proportional to the
A)molar massB)densityC)temperatureD)size
Quick Quiz.
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3) Compared to liquids and solids, gases are easily compressed because the particles in a gas…
A) attract each other significantlyB) are spaced relatively far apartC) are extremely smallD) move in constant, random motion
Quick Quiz.
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4) What is –88oC in Kelvin temperature?
A) 185 KB) 361 KC) –361 KD) 273 K K = –88 + 273
K = oC + 273
Quick Quiz.
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5) Put a cup of water on a table. A process that will occurs is…
A)evaporation.B)condensation.C)BOTH A and BD)NONE of the above
Quick Quiz.