sect 5-mil. sym & ol tech
TRANSCRIPT
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U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL LP WVBN-09B
AMEDD NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER ACADEMY 0196 BASIC
NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER COURSE
LESSON TITLE: Military Symbols and Overlay Techniques
THIS LESSON IS USED IN THE FOLLOWING COURSES:
COURSE NUMBERS COURSE TITLE(S)
6-8-C40 AMEDD NCO Basic
SECTION I. -ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
TASK(S) TAUGHT OR SUPPORTED:
TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE
Unknown Interpret a military overlay.
TASK (5) REINFORCED:
TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE
Unknown Unknown
ACADEMIC HOURS: PEACETIME MOBILIZATION
HOURS /TYPE HOURS /TYPE
TYPE OF INSTRUCTION 3 PTXT, 3 SGI, 1 PEl
TEST CMF
TEST REVIEW None NoneTOTAL HOURS 7.0 None
HOURS LESSON NO.
TESTING: CMF
REVIEW OF TEST RESULTS:
PREREQUISITE LESSON(S): None
CLEARANCE AND ACCESS: Unclassified
REFERENCES:
NUMBER TITLE PAGES ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
FM 21-26 Map Reading and All None
Land Navigation
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LP WVBN-09B 0196
FM 101-5-1 Operational Terms All None
and Symbols
FM 101-5 Staff Organization Appendix G None
and operations
STUDENT STUDY ASSIGNMENTS: Study Supplementary Readings #1 and #2,
Summary Sheet.
INSTRUCTOR REQUIREMENTS: Read and be familiar with all material. Review
lesson plan and draw the appropriate symbols where indicated in the LP
so that you will be able to draw the symbols on the chalkboard. (FM
101-5-1).
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS: None
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR THE INSTRUCTION: Overhead projector and
projection screen, chalkboard, chalk and eraser
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THE INSTRUCTION: Simulated overlay map and
reference materials.
INSTRUCTOR MATERIAL: PE #1 solution. VGTs (14)
STUDENT MATERIAL: Advance sheet, Programmed Text, PE #1, Supplementary
Reading #1 and #2,- and Summary Sheet.
CLASSROOM, TRAINING AREA, AND RANGE REQUIREMENTS:
Classroom suitable for 16 students.
AMMUNITION REQUIREMENTS: None
INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDANCE: Hours 1-3 are to complete the Programmed Text.
Hours 4-6 are classroom discussion. Hour 7 is for the PE. Take up
programmed text before the PE. Note the Supplementary Reading for this
lesson is not a mirror of the LP. Students need the Programmed Text asan SR. Some students complain that they are not preparing an overlay.
Note that ANCOC prepares, BNCOC interprets.
PROPONENT LESSON PLAN APPROVAL AUTHORITY:
NAME RANK POSITION DATE
PAULETTE H. DUNLAP CSM CMDT, AMEDD NCO ACADEMY JAN 96
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SECTION II. - INTRODUCTION
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NOTE: Read the terminal learning objective statement to thestudents.
At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:
Interpret an operational overlay IAW FM 21-26, FM 101-5, and
FM 101-5-1.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: None
RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL: Low
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: None
EVALUATION: CMF
INSTRUCTIONAL LEAD-IN: During tactical operations, commandersmay use overlays extensively in the preparation and conveyance of
orders. As a unit leader, you must understand and be able tointerpret overlays. The purpose of this lesson is to provide youwith the skills necessary to gain a working knowledge of overlaytechniques.
SECTION III. PRESENTATION
B. Enabling Learning Objectives (ELOs):
1. Identify selected military symbols IAW cited references.
2. Identify the abbreviations and operational terms used on
an overlay IAW cited references.
3. Identify the tactical instructions indicated on an
overlay IAW cited references.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Todays fast moving anddestructive battlefield affects all Army operations, to include
battle orders. Commanders use overlays to express large amountsof information using symbols and abbreviations. The Armed Forcesof the United States and the Armed Forces of many of our Alliesuse the form and techniques we will discuss today.
The S3 usually prepares an operation overlay with symbols to
provide input to the operation plan. By using these symbols on anoverlay, the S3 frequently simplifies the task of portraying thecommanders intent to subordinate commanders.
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This lesson will review the material covered in the programmed
text and supplemental readings. The intent of the lesson is to
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focus on any areas in which you may need additional assistance.
So, during the lesson, if you have any questions, please ask
them.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Students should refer to Programmed Text during
the class discussion.
QUESTION: Now lets review some of the basic symbols we use. To
begin, what is a military symbol?
ANSWER: A military symbol is a graphic representation of a unit,
installation, activity, or piece of equipment. An overlay is a
combination of diagrams, letters, numbers, abbreviations, words,
and colors that identify items of military importance.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Military symbols lose their
value if they become complex or cluttered with unnecessary
detail. VGT #1 shows examples of some basic military symbols.
SHOW VGT #1
QUESTION: What do these basic symbols represent?
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Ask students to identify each symbol (Ref:
FM 101-5-1, pgs 2-3 and 2-4)
ANSWER: 1. Unit2. Combat service support element
3. Logistical, medical, or administrative
installation
4. Observation or listening post
5. Command post
REMOVE VGT #1
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Remember from the
Programmed Text, that when drawing military symbols, use solid
lines to show the location of a unit, an installation, or a
coordinating detail, such as an established assembly area or a
boundary. Use a broken line to indicate a proposed or future
location.
You always draw the branch or duty performed (which we will
discuss later) of a proposed location in solid lines.
Also, show the effective time of the proposed occupation, ifknown, using the Date-Time-Group (DTG). Now, lets review how to
use symbols to show the size of a unit.
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard.
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SHOW VGT #2
QUESTION: What size units do the symbols on this VGT represent?
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Ask students to identify each symbol.
ANSWER: U.S. DESCRIPTION STANAG 2019
DESCRIPTION
1. Squad/crew. Smallest unit/UK
Section.
2. Section or unit larger Unit larger than a U-S
than a squad but smaller squad UK section but
than a platoon. smaller than a platoon
equivalent.
3. Platoon or detachment. Platoon/troop
equivalent.
4. Company, battery, or Company/battery/
troop. squadron
equivalent.5. Battalion or squadron. Battalion equivalent.
6. Group or regiment. Regiment/group
equivalent.
7. Brigade. Brigade equivalent.
8. Division. Division.
9. Corps. Corps.
10. Army. Army.
11. Army group or front. Army group or front.
REMOVE VGT #2
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols referenced below on chalkboard.
State the following: The notation placed over the size of a unit
indicates a temporary grouping of units, usually for a specific
tactical operation and in which the denoted unit functions as the
command or controlling element.
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For example, denotes a company team, and denotes a
battalion task force.
A (+) placed to the right of the unit symbol shows a substantially
reinforced unit. A (-) placed to the right of the symbol shows a
substantially reduced unit; you may also use a (-) to indicate
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subordinate elements operating at extended distances from and semi-
independently of the parent unit.
Doing a simple modification to the unit symbol can change the
meaning of that symbol. A unit symbol that is on a staff, on the
left side, which may extend or bend, represents locations of a
command post.
A unit symbol that is on a staff extending from the center, which
may bend, represents a known precise location.
The very end of the staff indicates the precise location of the
command post or unit. You may show two or more units on the same
staff if they are in the same area. The controlling units symbol is
always at the top of the staff.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols (below) on chalkboard.
EXACT COMMAND POST LOCATIONS EXACT UNIT LOCATIONS
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: The next area we will review
is how to identify different types of military units. Military
symbols utilize branch symbols along with markings to identify the
types and size of units. Lets look at a few of these branch
symbols.
SHOW VOT #3
QUESTION: What type of units do the symbols on this VGT represent?
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer students questions. Describe the symbols
(tank track etc.).
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ANSWER: 1. Infantry. (crossed pack straps.)
2. Armor. (tank track.)
3. Cavalry (scouts of an infantry bn.) (cavalry
bandoleer.)
4. Armored cavalry (scouts, mechanized inf/scouts armor
tank battalion.) (cavalry bandoleer and tank track.)
5. Artillery. (cannon ball.)
6. Engineer. (bridge.)
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7. Signal. (lightning flash.)
REMOVE VGT #3
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Certain branches do not have
symbols. They use authorized abbreviations to indicate the branch of
service.
SHOW VGT #4
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Ask students to identify each symbol.
QUESTION: What type of units do the symbols on this VGT represent?
ANSWER: 1. Military Police (MP)
2. Military Intelligence (CEWI)
3. Electronic Warfare (EW)
4. Support (SPT)
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: CEWI means Counter Electronic Warfare
Intelligence.
REMOVE VGT #4
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: It is sometimes necessary to
combine branch and duty performed symbols to identify units specially
equipped or trained.
SHOW VGT #5
QUESTION: What type of units do these symbols represent?
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Ask students to identify each symbol. Answer student
questions.
ANSWER: 1. Airborne Infantry
2. Self-propelled Artillery
3. Mechanized (APC)
4. BIFV (mounted)
5. BIFV (dismounted)
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: BIFV is the Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle.
REMOVE VGT #5
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard. State the following:
Indicate a reconnaissance unit with a security mission on the overlay
by the unit symbol and flash arrows.
The arrow length does not indicate area of responsibility but only the
general location of the unit. You may show the specific mission
graphically. However, address this mission in writing in the unitsappropriate subparagraph of the OPORD/OPLAN.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: The last thing we will discuss
about military symbols is the designation of a unit. The designation of
a unit consists of an unofficial distinctive number and/or name. Only
use Arabic numbers.
Place unit designation on the left side of the unit rectangle and
higher echelons of command on the right.
SHOW VGT #6
QUESTION: What are the designations of the units shown in this VGT?
ANSWER: The 33rd Platoon, Company C, 22d Battalion, 30th
Infantry (mechanized) and the 2d Platoon, Company A, 3d
Battalion, 64th Armor.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Have students identify the designation of each symbol.
It may be necessary to draw a few more symbols with designators on the
chalkboard to discuss with the students. Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #6
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: You may draw symbols on overlays
in just one color or in several colors. If you use just one color,
outline enemy symbols with double lines. When using multi-colors, use
the color RED to indicate enemy units. Now let us continue our
discussion with control measures or graphics commonly employed in
offense, defense, and retrograde operations. As you will see, a few
symbols can express an enormous amount of information.
To start an overlay you need to place a piece of acetate that is
slightly larger than the area you want to work in on top of your map.
Next, put two numbered crosses or register marks on the overlay in
opposite corners. These register marks aid in orientating the overlay
to the map.
They ensure exact copying of graphic information on the overlay from
map to map. When preparing an overlay, you may use register marks of
your own choosing.
After orienting the overlay, you can begin to add the operational!
situational graphics. Remember, in numerous situations, overlays will
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not be in color. When using only one color, draw friendly symbols with
single lines and enemy symbols with double lines.
A boundary is a control measure normally drawn along identifiable
terrain features and used to separate areas of tactical responsibility
for subordinate units. Within their boundaries, units may maneuver
within the overlay plan without close coordination with neighboringunits unless otherwise restricted. Units may place direct fire across
boundaries on clearly identified enemy targets without prior
coordination, provided they do not endanger friendly forces.
Units may also use indirect fire to engage clearly defined enemy
targets, but only after prior coordination with the unit across the
boundary.
A line with the size of the unit shown at convenient intervals
indicates boundaries. Always show on the boundary the highest echelon
of adjacent units sharing the boundary. If a boundary separates units
of unequal size, give the designation of the lower unit completely.
Depict proposed boundaries with a broken line.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard.
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EXAMPLE:
(XVIII Corps and XII Div)(Task Force, 2d Bn, 1st Inf on the left,
and 2d Bde, 79th Inf on the right)
Extend boundaries beyond the objective a sufficient distance to provide
for the coordination of supporting fires and actions required to secure
and consolidate the objective.
A major unit does not require a boundary between it and an armored
cavalry or other type unit performing a covering, screening, or
protecting mission on the major units flank.
If employing the reconnaissance or security force in an attack role,
and it has an objective to secure, then there must be a boundary
between it and the major unit.
When units from two different countries share a common boundary, place
an abbreviation indicating the nationality of the armed force in
parenthesis behind the unit designation.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard.
EXAMPLE:
12th (US) Army Group 6th (NL) Infantry
Brigade
5th (IT) Infantry Regiment 5th (FR) Armored Division
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: You may find these and more
country abbreviations in Appendix D of FM 101-5-1.
Establishing rear boundaries facilitates command and control (C2). You
may not always need to show rear boundaries. If you do, indicate the
size along the boundary that corresponds to the smaller unit, or, inother words, to the commanded unit and not the commanding unit. If
required to prevent confusion, show ARM or branch and nationality of
unit.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard.
EXAMPLE:
(Rear boundaries separates 43d (Rear boundary separates Infantry
Division and V Corps.) 14th Armored Cavalry)
Regiment and V Corps.)
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Show future or proposed
boundaries with broken lines labeled with Date-Time-Group to indicate
the date and time or condition it takes effect and the headquarters
establishing the boundary.
SHOW VGT #7
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: As you see in this VGT, another
graphic symbol indicates the objective. An objective may be an enemy
force, terrain, or other physical object which is essential to the
commanders intent.
You draw a general objective symbol with a line enclosing the
abbreviation OBJ and a letter, name, or number designation.
You place it on an overlay around a definite terrain feature and or by
an enemy force. A goose egg on an overlay sometimes refers to an
objective symbol. Graphically, it looks like this:
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: You may show two or more units in
the same goose egg if they are in the same general area, but it does
not indicate any particular command relationship between the units.
A phase line (PL) is the next thing we will talk about. You use a phase
line as a control measure and as a basis for reporting. Draw phase
lines with solid lines approximately perpendicular to the direction of
advance of withdrawal.
Place phase lines at points that are clear on the ground and on the
map. Label phase lines with PL and give a letter, number, or code
name designation to them.
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SHOW VGT #8
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #8
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: some other control measures are
the Line of Departure and Line of Contact. A line of departure (LD) is
a line designated to coordinate the commitment of attacking units or
scouting elements at a specified time and starting line.
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A line of contact (LC) is a general trace showing the locating of two
engaging opposing forces. A line of departure is a line of contact when
opposing forces are in contact. (LD/LC)
SHOW VGT #9
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #9
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Two other symbols closely relate
to the LD/LC. One is the forward edge of the battle area (FEBA), which
is the forward limit of the main battle area.
The second symbol is the forward line of own troops (FLOT), a line that
indicates the most forward positions of friendly troops. The plot can
be at, beyond, or short of the FEBA.
SHOW VGT #10
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #10
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: A Fire Support Coordination Line
(FSCL) is a line beyond which commanders may attack all targets by any
weapons system (including aircraft) without endangering friendly troops
or requiring additional coordination with the establishing
headquarters.
The purpose of the FSCL is to expedite the attack on targets beyond theFSCL. Commanders do not need any additional coordination, provided
neither the fires nor their effects fall short of the FSCL.
Depict a Fire Support Coordination Line using a solid line labeled
FSCL. Show the proposed or future FSCL locations with broken lines
and a label FSCL.
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Whether or not to show the FSCLs on the operations overlay depends on
where the location of the FSCL is at the time you plan to distribute
the overlay.
Draw it a short distance beyond the farthest point to which the
commander intends to send patrols, penetration forces (including air
assault forces), or to maintain covering forces.12
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FSCLs should be easy to define on a map and easy to recognize from the
air.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbol on chalkboard. Include effective time.
Answer student questions.
The FSCL is a permissive measure. When using multi-colored overlays,
draw permissive measures in black.
There are also restrictive measures. Draw restrictive measures in red.
A couple of examples of a restrictive measure are the Restrictive Fire
Area (RFA) and the No-Fire Area (NFA). The purpose of the RFA is toregulate fires or effects into an area according to the stated
restrictions. The purpose of the NFA is to prohibit fires or effects
into the area.
Outline both in red (multi-color overlay) and label the restrictive
fire area with the abbreviation RFA. The no fire area has red
diagonal lines within the outlined area and the abbreviation NFA.
The Date-Time-Group shows the time the restrictions become effective.
SHOW VGT #11
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #11
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Show the direction of attack by
drawing a single line arrow from the line of departure to or into the
objective. It does not necessarily indicate the main attack of the
command issuing the order, but it does indicate the direction along
which the commander issuing the order wants a subordinate commander to
make his attack. The size of the arrow is not significant. Use it only
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where necessary, as they restrict the maneuver of the subordinate
unit.
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbol on chalkboard. Answer student questions.
EXAMPLE: LD
LD
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Use an axis of advance in a fluid
situation to indicate the general direction of movement for the mass of
a unit. It does not necessarily indicate the route the unit will take.
It is not as restrictive as the arrows used for direction of attack.
Draw the main axis advance with broad double-lined arrows in the
nonrestrictive sense and label them with a code name or the unitdesignation.
You may also label a coded axis of advance with the unit which is to
use the axis if there is a possibility of misunderstanding.
An axis of advance for a unit designated to conduct the main attack has
a double-line arrowhead.
Make a future or proposed axis of advance with broken lines and label
it with the effective date and time.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard. Answer student questions.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Use arrows to show routes of
march and label them with the word Route and a number, letter, code,
or unit designation. You may add arrows to indicate one-way, or two-way
traffic.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard. Answer student
questions.
EXAMPLE:
One-way traffic.
Two-way traffic
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Lets look at what direction of
attack, axis of advance, and a route would look like on an overlay.
SHOW VGT #12
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
REMOVE VGT #12
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: In defensive situations, closed
solid-line goose egg broken by an appropriate symbol depicting the
size of the unit involved represents a battle position (BP).
A battle position is a defensive location oriented on the most likely
enemy avenue of approach from which a unit may defend or attack.
Position the closed side of the BPs goose egg toward the direction
of primary concern. A goose egg with broken lines and the appropriate
symbol depicting the size of the unit involved indicates an unoccupied
or alternate battle position.
SHOW VGT #13
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: A position number is a number
inside the BP. Use a position number as a control measure and to help
reduce confusion. A (P) following the position number indicates a
prepared position.
REMOVE VGT #13
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: You use coordinating points in
the defense to fix the exact localities at which the higher commander
desires adjacent subordinate commanders to coordinate the defense for
the area.
For example: The corps commander designates coordinating points on
division boundaries at the FEBA. The division commander designates
coordinating points on the brigade boundaries at the
FEBA.
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You locate coordinating points at some terrain feature, easily
recognizable both on the ground and on a map. You show coordinating
points by placing a circle on a boundary with an X inside.
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Draw symbols on chalkboard. Answer student
questions.
EXAMPLE:
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: You saw this symbol already
during the discussion of the FEBA.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: You may want to reshow VGT #10.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: Once you complete plotting
and tracing all required details on the overlay, print the marginal
information as close to the lower right-hand corner as detail permits.
SHOW VGT #14 (Ref: FM 21-26, chapter 7)
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: State the following: This VGT shows you theinformation that must be in the margin.
OVERLAY MARGINAL INFORMATION
A. Classification.
B. Title and Objective.
C. Time and Date.
D. Map Reference.
E. Author.
F. Legend (only used when necessary).
1. Explain, Non-Standard Colors or Symbols.
2. Reference to Supporting Documents.
3. Distribution.
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions. State the following:
A. Place the classification of the overlay at the top and bottom of
the overlay itself. Write Secret, Classified, or Unclassified as
appropriate.
B. The Title and Objective simply tells the reader why you made the
overlay and it may also give the actual location of the overlay area.
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C. The time and date indicate the exact time you received the
information on the overlay. This information is more pertinent on a
situational overlay than on an operational overlay.
D. If the reader does not have the map to use with the overlay, the
map reference provides the information necessary to obtain it.
The information includes map sheet name, sheet number, map series
number, and the scale of the map.
E. The author will place his name, rank, organization, date, and time
of preparation on the overlay next. The date and time shows the elapsed
time since the report of the information and the time you prepared the
overlay.
F. The legend of an overlay is the last piece of marginal
information. You use it only when necessary for such things as:
- to explain nonstandard colors or symbols.
- for a reference to any supporting document of the overlay.
- to show distribution.
REMOVE VGT #14
SUMMARY: As you have seen, a few simple symbols can replace an
enormous amount of written orders. An overlay makes the commanders
intent more clear and makes the operation plan more exact so each
subordinate user of the overlay has the same information. Overlays are
tools for leaders. Understanding them is a responsibility of every
leader. We will now do a practical exercise where we will interpret an
overlay.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Answer student questions. Pass out PEl. Have
students turn in the programmed text NOW!17
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AMEDD NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS ACADEMY 0196
BASIC NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER COURSE
Military Symbols and Overlay Techniques
Practical Exercise #1
SOLUTION
Task: Interpret an overlay.
Condition: Given a simulated overlay and FM 101-5, as the section
platoon sergeant, 2d platoon, identify the following elements of
information.
Standards: JAW FM 101-5.
1. The location of your platoon is item 8
2. The location of 1st platoon is item 11
3. The location of 3d platoon is item 5
4. The battalion combat trains location is item 6
5. The location of the aid station is item 12
6. Item 10 represents your platoons left boundary.
7. Item 4 represents your platoons right boundary.
8. The east-west 94 grid line is called PHASE LINE RED and is
represented
by item 1
9. The location of the company CP is item 7
10. Route Alpha is represented by item 3
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