secretions of the oral cavity: saliva
TRANSCRIPT
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SALIVA
> lubricates & protects
the structure of the
mouth.
> influences the nature
of oral flora & chemical
composition of teeth.
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> it plays a major role in the
maintenance of health & in the
production of disease by permitting or
inhibiting the formation of:
- plaque
- calculus
- proliferation of selected
microorganisms.
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> It contains:
a. Immunoglobulins
b. WBC
c. Lipids
d. Electrolytes
e. Protein
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Major Salivary Glands:
- produces 95% of the total salivary flow
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual
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1. Parotid Gland
- biggest, pyramidal in shape
- literally next or anterior to the ear
- opens to the STENSEN’S duct
( opposite the maxillary 2nd molar)
- produces 60-65% of the total salivary flow
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2. Submandibular Gland
- irregular, walnut in shape
- lies posteriorly to the floor of the mouth or at the angle of the mandible
- opens to the WHARTON’S duct
(summit of the sublingual papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue)
- produces 20-30% of the total salivary flow
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3. Sublingual Gland
- smallest, almond in shape
- lies immediately beneath the oral mucosal lining on the anterior portion of the floor of the mouth
- opens to the BARTHOLIN’S duct
(surface of the sublingual fold on either side of the tongue)
- produces 2-5% of the total
salivary flow
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Minor Salivary Glands:
- produces 5% of the total salivary flow
1. Minor sublingual
2. Labial
3. Buccal
4. Glossopalatine
5. Palatine
6. Lingual
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> Secretion is primarily by
unconditioned reflex associated with
eating & masticatory proprioceptors of
the periodontal ligament & muscles of
mastication.
> 1,000-1,500 ml is the total salivary
fluid produced during a 24-hour
period. (1 cc/min)
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Factors Affecting Salivary Secretion:
1. Pharmacologic agents
2. Psychological
3. Size of gland
4. Interference with taste perception
5. Age changes
6. Systemic diseases
7. Disease of the salivary gland
8. Irradiation of glands.
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Most important attribute of salivary
secretions:
Protective in nature – helps maintain
integrity of teeth, tongue & mucous
membrane of oral and pharyngeal
areas.
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Role in Oral Health:
1. Lubrication & Protection
- glycoproteins & mucoids produced
by the salivary glands forms a
protective covering for the mucous
membrane against irritants.
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2. Buffering action
- because of its bicarbonate,
phosphate & amphoteric proteins.
- bacteria require specific pH
condition.
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3. Maintenance of tooth integrity
because it:
a. Provides minerals for
posteruptive maturation.
b. Provides ions to counteract tooth
dissolution.
c. Forms a film of glycoprotein that
may act as a diffusion barrier,
to prevent loss of tooth mineral.
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4. Antibacterial activity against
bacteria & viral invasion.
- Lysozyme, IgA, Sialoperoxidase
thiocynate & Lactoferin
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> Saliva plays a role in the formation
of plaque & calculus and is therefore
intimately related to caries and
periodontal disease.
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> Salivary glycoprotein + precipitation
+ pellicle + microorganisms overgrow
+ plaque + mineralization + calculus.
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Functions of Saliva: (Lavelle)
1. Digestive Function
- amylase as main digestive enzyme
2. Excretory Function
- saliva provides as important
excretory route for blood components
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3. Solvent Function
- by facilitating digestion
- dissolution of foodstuff (one of the
major salivary function)
4. Protective Function
- protects oral tissues from dehydration
- mechanical food & microbial debris
lavage
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Process of Secretion: (Ferguson)
> Stimuli to Digestive Organ has
three phases:
1. Cephalic – conditioned stimuli:
a. Psychological Phase
b. Visual Phase
c. Olfactory Phase
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a. Psychological phase
> “the thought of food
b. Visual phase
> ”the sight of food”
c. Olfactory phase
> “the smell of food”
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2. Intraorgan – within organ stimuli
(most important for salivary
secretion)
a. Mechanical stimuli – touch &
pressure on oral structures and
movements of masticatory muscles
and mandible
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b. Chemical stimuli – substances that
stimulate taste receptors
3. Interorgan – stimulatory effect on
secretion from irritation to the
esophagus
e.g. vomiting reflex
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Role in Oral Health:
1. Pellicle & plaque deposition
2. Plaque mineralization &
calculus formation
3. Dental caries
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PELLICLE
- thin, cellular &
essentially bacteria
free covering of the
tooth which consist of
various glycoprotein
derived from the
mucous salivary
gland.
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- thin deposit may form shortly after eruption on the exposed surface of the teeth.
- reformed within minutes after exposure of pumice-polished teeth to saliva.
- due to rapid formation, it precedes the first stage in plaque formation.
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PLAQUE
- localized concentration of microorganism on the tooth surface.
- accretion of necrotic debris, foodstuff substances & salivary glycoproteins.
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- contains mono & oligosaccharides
that serve as substrates for microbial
growth.
- Streptococcus mutans is the
predominant organism that
enzymatically degrade plaque.
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CALCULAR DEPOSIT
- grainy in nature & act as mechanical irritant.
- by product of calcification of organic products & microorganisms.
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- calcified bacterial plaque
- organic components consist mainly
of Calcium & Phosphate.
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- Types of Calculus:
a. Supragingival
- creamy white or
yellowish in color
- hard in consistency
- most abundantly
seen opposite the
opening of the major
salivary glands
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b. Subgingival
- dark brown to black
due to blood pigments
- hard to very hard in
consistency
- found in the
periodontal pockets of
any tooth.
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DENTAL CARIES
- is a microbial
disease of the calcified
tissues of the teeth,
characterized by
demineralization of the
inorganic portion &
destruction of the
organic substance of
the tooth.
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- Five general ways by which saliva
can affect caries:
a. to mechanically cleanse & thus
lessen plaque accumulation.
b. to reduce enamel solubility by
plaque modification through calcium,
phosphate & fluoride.
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c. buffer & neutralize the acids either
produce cariogen or introduced
directly through diet.
d. direct anti-bacterial activity.
e. by aggregation or clumping
bacteria & reducing adherence to
teeth surfaces.
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GINGIVAL FLUIDS
- Sulcular fluid
- fluid found in the gingival sulcus
which seeps through the thin sulcular
epithelium.
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Have a blessed day!!!