secondary source #1 - frank romano...
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Secondary Source #1 Upset by the fast and astonishing growth of the power of the Republic, the American invaders hastened the preparation of an aggressive war in order to destroy it in its infancy....The American imperialists furiously carried out the war project in 1950....The American invaders who had been preparing the war for a long time, alongside their puppets, finally initiated the war on June 25th of the 39th year of the Juche calendar. That dawn, the enemies unexpectedly attacked the North half of the Republic, and the war clouds hung over the once peaceful country, accompanied by the echoing roar of cannons. Having passed the 38th parallel, the enemies crawled deeper and deeper into the North half of the Republic...the invading forces of the enemies had to be eliminated and the threatened fate of our country and our people had to be saved. History of the Revolution of our Great Leader Kim Il-sun: High School. (Pongyang, North Korea: Textbook Publishing Co., 1999), 125-127. Secondary Source#2 When the overthrow of the South Korean government through social confusion became too difficult, the North Korean communists switched to a stick-and-carrot strategy: seeming to offer peaceful negotiations, they were instead analyzing the right moment of attack and preparing themselves for it. The North Korean communists prepared themselves for war. Kim Il-sung secretly visited the Soviet Union and was promised the alliance of the Soviets and China in case of war. Finally, at dawn on June 25th, 1950 the North began their southward aggression along the 38th parallel. Taken by surprise at these unexpected attacks, the army of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) fought courageously to defend the liberty of the country....The armed provocation of the North Korean communists brought the UN Security Council around the table. A decree denounced the North Korean military action as illegal and as a threat to peace, and a decision was made to help the South. The UN army constituted the armies of 16 countries—among them, the United States, Great Britain and France—joined the South Korean forces in the battle against the North. Doojin Kim, Korean History: Senior High. (Seoul, South Korea: Dae Han Textbook Co.,2001), 199. Secondary Source #3 “About the time I was transferred from the Ukraine to Moscow at the end of 1949, Kim Il-sung arrived with his delegation to hold consultations with Stalin. The North Koreans wanted to prod(push) South Korea with the point of a bayonet. Kim Il-sung said that the first thrust would touch off an internal explosion in South Korea and that the power of the people would prevail — that is the power ruled in North Korea. Naturally Stalin didn’t object to the idea. It suited his convictions as a Communist all the more so because the struggle would be an internal matter that the Koreans would be settling among themselves. Stalin persuaded Kim Il-sung to think it over again, make some calculations and then come back with a concrete plan. Kim went home and then returned to Moscow when he had worked everything out. He told Stalin he was absolutely certain of success. I remember Stalin had his doubts. He feared the Americans would jump in, but we were inclined to think that if the war were fought swiftly and Kim Il-sung was sure it could be won swiftly, then intervention by the USA could be avoided. Nevertheless Stalin decided to seek Mao Zedong’s opinion. Mao also answered affirmatively and put forward the opinion that the USA
would not interfere. I remember a high-spirited dinner at Stalin’s dacha (villa). We wished every success to Kim Il-sung and toasted the whole North Korean leadership.” Nikita Khrushchev. “Truth About the Korean War,” in Kim Chullbaum (Editor). The Truth About the Korean War. Seoul: Eulyoo, 1991: 61 Secondary Source #4
The United States and the Soviets quickly divided the post-war world into spheres of influence where they each might have some measure of control. Future flashpoints ( highly volatile and dangerous situations) between them were apparent. Asia became an area of contention. With a strong American presence in Europe, by 1950 Stalin started to believe he could weaken the resolve of the United States and other Western nations by supporting Communist insurgents in Malaya, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, and the Philippines. In 1949 the French were fighting pro-Communist insurgents in their former colony in Indochina. In Korea, withdrawing Japanese troops had turned over the northern part to Russian troops and the southern part to Americans. Stalin gave the North Korean dictator Kim Il-sung the green light to invade South Korea. The United States was forced to react in defense of South Korean independence. Excerpt from Cicero, Beyond the Textbook. Online History Database. 1.According to secondary source #2, who is most responsible for the start of the Korean War?
A. the United States B. South Korea C. the Soviet Union D. North Korea
2.Which secondary source places blame on the United States as being the leading instigator of the Korean War?
A. #1 B. #2 C. #3 D. None of these
3.Secondary source #3 is written from the perspective of:
A. An American C.I.A. agent in the Soviet Union B. A top official within the Soviet Union’s Communist Party C. A Chinese official stationed in the Soviet Union D. A close advisor to North Korea’s leader, Kim Il-sung
4.How do sources #2 and #3 similarly characterize the actions of North Korea’s leader, Kim Il Sung, in the lead up to the Korean War?
A. that he actively planned and pushed for an invasion of South Korea B. that he persuaded the Chinese to delay their attack on the South Koreans until North
Korea invaded it C. that he asked the Chinese Communist Party, Chairman Mao, for his advice on a potential
invasion of South Korea D. that the leader of the Soviet Union, Josef Stalin, asked Kim Il Sung to carefully review his
plan for an invasion of South Korea before going ahead with it 5.How do sources #1 and #2 similarly use the crossing of the 38th parallel in their description of how the Korean War started?
A. each source uses it to signify the invasion of North Korea into South Korea B. the crossing of the 38th parallel is considered an act of war by the opposing nation’s
military C. the United Nations was forced to meet and address the situation in Korea when the
parallel was crossed D. it signaled to the Soviet Union and China that the North Koreans would be able to
successfully defeat South Korea 6. In secondary source 4, “the green light” is synonymous with:
A. Approval B. Hesitant C. Reluctance D. Indecision
7. Which excerpt suggests the use of trickery or deception in how one country approached the other?
A. “the American invaders hastened the preparation of an aggressive war in order to destroy it in its infancy” (Source 1)
B. “the North Korean communists switched to a stick-and-carrot strategy: seeming to offer peaceful negotiations, they were instead analyzing the right moment of attack and preparing themselves for it” (Source 2)
C. “The North Koreans wanted to prod(push) South Korea with the point of a bayonet.” (Source 3)
D. “we were inclined to think that if the war were fought swiftly and Kim Il-sung was sure it could be won swiftly, then intervention by the USA could be avoided” (source 3)
8. In the excerpt “Stalin persuaded Kim Il-sung to think it over again, make some calculations and then come back with a concrete plan…” from Source 3, the word calculations most closely means:
A. Figuring out numerical necessities for the war B. Deciding what adjustments were necessary to finalize the proposal C. Determining how much loss would occur as a result of their decisions D. Adding financial costs together in preparation for a future war
9. Secondary 4 puts the blame for the war on:
A. China B. USA C. North Korea D. Japan
10. The United States would most closely agree with the perspective of:
A. Source 1 B. Source 2 C. Source 3 D. None of the other sources
Document 1: Map of the Korean Peninsula
1. Using the map above, identify at least two countries that would be impact by the Korean War
aside from North and South Korea.
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2. Why would the United States be inclined to protect South Korea from Communist advances?
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Document 2: Excerpt from a 1947 memorandum by Francis Stevens, assistant chief of the Division of Eastern European Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. 1. What does Stevens suggest would be the outcome for the US if Korea was lost?
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2. How would US alliances be impacted if Korea fell to the Soviets?
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Document 3: is from United Nations Security Council resolutions 82, 83, 84, and 85, dated between June and July, 1950.
1. Based upon your reading of the excerpts above, what will be asked or expected of the United
States in response to the invasion of South Korea?
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2. What seems to be some of the limitations of the Security Council in responding to a situation like
the Korean War?
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Document 4a Excerpts from President Truman’s Radio and Television Address to the American people on the Situation in Korea, July 19, 1950: Document 4b Excerpt from Broadcast on Radio Peking [the official radio station of the People’s Republic of China], October 10, 1950:
1. How does President Harry Truman view the “attack upon Korea” within the context of the Cold
War?
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2. How does the Chinese government view the intervention of the United States Nations
intervention in the Korean conflict?
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Document 5
Paul Lashmar "Stalin's 'Hot' War," New Statesman & Society, vol. 9, no. 388, Feburary 2, 1996
1. According to the author of Document 5, how involved was Stalin and the Soviet Union in
aiding the invasion of South Korea?
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Score: ______/3pts
2. According to the author of Document 5, for what reason did the Stalin provide support for
the invasion of South Korea?
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Part IIIEssay Graphic Organizer: 15pts Essay: 25pts Historical Context: Following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as two superpowers. This created a rivalry between the two nations that became known as the Cold War. While the Cold War affected United States foreign policy, it also had a great effect on United States domestic policy and on American society. The Korean War was an area that “got hot” as tensions mounted between the two global powers, with North and South Korea serving as “proxies” in the conflict. Directions: Read the question below and write an essay that supports your thesis with evidence from the documents in Part II. The essay should analyze the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible to support your answer. Make sure that your essay does not simply summarize the documents individually. Take into account both the sources of the documents and the author’s points of view
Essay Topic: Based on the documents, explain why the Cold War was fought on the Korean Peninsula. Be sure to use at least 4 documents in your response.
1. Essay Topic: Based on the documents, explain the causes and possible consequences of the Korean War. Be sure to use at least 5 references in your response.
Thesis (Focus) Statement:
Evidence: [Rewrite/summarize evidence from the documents that supports your thesis statement.
Evidence Source 1: Document # ____
Evidence Source 2: Document # ____
Evidence Source 3: Document # ____
Evidence Source 4: Document # ____
(Optional) Evidence Source 5: Document # ____