secondary educationbodies who held o-level examinations in the caribbean • the first caribbean...
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Secondary Education
2018 FAIE Annual State Conference
Kurt Baumbach, Academic Evaluation Services, Inc.
Caribbean Countries
Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries
Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries
Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries
Secondary Education - Caribbean Countries
Caribbean Diversity - Haiti
Population: 10.8 million Languages: French Haitian Creole (kreyòl ayisyen) GDP per capita (nominal / PPP): $719 / $1,819
Caribbean Diversity - Dominican Republic
Population: 10.6 million Language: Spanish GDP per capita (nominal / PPP): $7,543 / $17,096
Caribbean Diversity - Jamaica
Population: 2.8 million Language: English GDP per capita (nominal / PPP): $5,117 / $9,297
Caribbean Diversity - Trinidad and Tobago
Population: 1.3 million Language: English GDP per capita (nominal / PPP): $15,838 / $32,520
Caribbean Region - Definition
Caribbean Region - territories of other countries
Caribbean Region - territories of other countries
United States: Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
Caribbean Region - territories of other countries
Netherlands: Aruba
Bonaire Curacao Saba*
St. Eustatius St. Maarten*
Caribbean Region - territories of other countries
France: Martinique Guadeloupe
St. Martin St. Barthelemy
Caribbean Region - Cuba
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
• Anguilla*
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Barbados
• Belize
• British Virgin Islands*
• Cayman Islands*
• Dominica
• Grenada
• Guyana
• Jamaica
• Montserrat*
• St. Kitts & Nevis
• St. Lucia
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turks and Caicos Islands*
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
• Anguilla*
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Barbados
• Belize
• British Virgin Islands*
• Cayman Islands*
• Dominica
• Grenada
• Guyana
• Jamaica
• Montserrat*
• St. Kitts & Nevis
• St. Lucia
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turks and Caicos Islands*
Dutch islands that offer the
CXC examinations:
• Saba
• St. Maarten
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
• Language of instruction: English
• Primary education: 6 years
• Secondary education: 5 years
external examinations are held after 11 years of primary/secondary education Examinations:
• currently: Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate / CSEC
• formerly: General Certificate of Education, Ordinary Level / O-Levels
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Key points on British Pattern countries:
• school-issued diplomas do not represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
• successful completion of external examinations does represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) • The CXC was established in 1972 to replace the U.K.-based examining
bodies who held O-Level examinations in the Caribbean • The first Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC)
examinations were held in 1979 in five subjects: Mathematics, English, Caribbean History, Integrated Science, and Geography
• Examinations are offered in January for re-sit or private candidates and in May-June for in-school or private candidates
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) • Three proficiency levels:
• Basic (last administered in 2009) • General • Technical
• Basic proficiency examinations had ½ the weight of General/Technical
• Currently, a total of 33 subjects are offered • 28 at the General level • 5 at the Technical level
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) • A minimum of 4 subject passes at the General or Technical level are
required, including English A, for university admission • A pass in Mathematics is also required for almost all university
programs • Individual programs may require more passes and/or passes in
specific subjects; for example, an engineering program may require 6 passes including Chemistry and Physics
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) Grade scale on the CSEC before 1998: • Grades I, II, and III were considered passing grades with credit • Grade IV was considered a passing grade without credit • Grade V was considered a failing grade • only subjects passed with credit considered for university admission
Caribbean Region - British Pattern
Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) Grade scale on the CSEC starting May/June 1998: • Grades I, II, III, and IV are considered passing grades • Grades V and VI are considered failing grades • the concept of “credit passes” is phased out
Caribbean Region - CSEC before 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC before 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC before 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC before 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC starting 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC starting 1998
Caribbean Region - CSEC starting 1998
Caribbean Region - school-issued documents
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - CXC website
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
• Language of instruction: English
• Primary education: 6 years
• Lower-secondary education: 3 years
• Upper-secondary education: 3 years (formerly 2 years)
external examinations are held after 12 years of primary/secondary education Examinations:
• currently: Bahamas General Certificate of Secondary Education / BGCSE
• formerly: General Certificate of Education, Ordinary Level / O-Levels
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Key points on the Bahamas:
• school-issued diplomas do not represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
• successful completion of external examinations does represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Examining bodies • Before 1993, various U.K. examining boards held examinations for
the O-Levels after eleven years of education • In 1993, the Ministry of Education introduced the Bahamas General
Certificate of Secondary Education / BGCSE in coordination with the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate
• Upper-secondary education was extended by one year for a total of 12 years of overall education
• The Ministry also holds Bahamas Junior Certificate examinations after 9th grade
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Grading scales • BGCSE and O-Levels have the same grading scale • Scale is A to G, where grades A-B-C receive credit and grades D-E-F-G
are passing grades that do not receive credit • A minimum of four subject passes with credit, including English, are
required for university admission • As in the British Pattern countries, individual programs may require
more credit passes and/or credit passes in specific subjects
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Bahamas
Caribbean Region - Haiti
• Language of instruction: French (Haitian Creole generally spoken)
• Primary education: 6 years
• Lower-secondary education: 3 years
• Upper-secondary education: 4 years
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Key points on Haiti: Through 2016, successful passing of two state examinations was required for university admission • Diplôme d’Études Secondaires, Première Partie - section Rhéto
(Diploma of Secondary Education, First Part - section Rheto[ric]) at the end of 12th grade
• Diplôme d’Études Secondaires, Deuxième Partie - section Philo (Diploma of Secondary Education, Second Part - section Philo[sophy]) at the end of 13th grade
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Key points on Haiti: 2007 reforms, first implemented as a pilot program in 2011, Rhéto and Philo were replaced by a new credential • Known officially as the nouveau baccalauréat (new baccalaureate),
baccalauréat permanent (permanent baccalaureate), or baccalauréat unique (single baccalaureate)
• In practice, some of the new credentials are still using the Diplôme d’Études Secondaires, Deuxième Partie terminology
• It is not clear at this time when/if the new terminology will appear on students’ documents
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Secondary Grading Scale in Haiti: • 70-100% - “A” • 60-69% - “B” • 50-59% - “C” Minimum passing grade is 50%; however, if the overall grade average is above 50%, individual subjects with grades below 50% may be considered passed
Caribbean Region - Haiti (traditional 1st part)
Caribbean Region - Haiti (traditional 1st part)
Caribbean Region - Haiti (traditional 1st part)
Caribbean Region - Haiti (traditional 2nd part)
Caribbean Region - Haiti (traditional 2nd part)
Caribbean Region – Haiti (reformed)
Caribbean Region – Haiti (reformed)
Caribbean Region – Haiti (reformed)
Caribbean Region – Haiti (reformed)
Caribbean Region – Haiti (reformed)
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Caribbean Region - Haiti
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
• Language of instruction: Spanish
• Basic education (1st cycle): 4 years
• Basic education (2nd cycle): 4 years
• Secondary education (1st cycle): 2 years
• Secondary education (2nd cycle): 2 years
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Key points on the Dominican Republic:
• school-issued diplomas do not represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
• government-issued Bachillerato (Baccalaureate) diplomas do represent the equivalent of U.S. high school graduation
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Key points on the Dominican Republic: • the first cycle of secondary education is known as tronco común
(common core) • the second cycle consists of three modalidades (tracks)
• general / académica (general / academic) • artística (artistic) • técnico profesional (professional-technical)
• all three modalidades lead to the Bachillerato and all three are valid for university admission
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Secondary Grading Scale in the Dominican Republic: Unlike the diplomas, transcripts are school-issued and the grade scale may vary. Most common: • 90-100% - Excelente (Excellent) - A • 80-89% - Muy Bueno (Very Good) - B • 70-79% - Bueno (Good) - C • below 70% - Deficiente (Deficient) - F
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - Dominican Republic
Caribbean Region - side-by-side comparisons
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
British Pattern primary secondary
Bahamas primary lower-secondary upper-secondary
Haiti primary lower-secondary upper-secondary
Dominican Republic basic 1st cycle basic 2nd cycle secondary 1st cycle secondary 2nd cycle
Caribbean Region - similarities and contrasts?
Thank you!
2018 FAIE Annual State Conference
Kurt Baumbach, Academic Evaluation Services, Inc.