Secondary care

Secondary care Definitions of secondary care :Secondary means second in series

Secondary assessment is your second evaluation of an injured or ill person

Once the patient is stabilized during primary care you attend to the next level of emergency care secondary care

Four skills of emergency first response ( secondary care ) injury assessmentIllness assessmentBandaging Splinting for dislocation and fracture

What the difference between injury and illness ?Injury Illness Is a physical harm to the body Cuts , wounds ,fracture ,frostbite and burns Unhealthy condition of the body may be caused by preexisting condition , or external factors ( ingesting poison )Illness can be determined by looking for clues or signs or symptoms

Sings and symptoms

signsSymptoms Is something you can see , hear or feelLook for wounds ,listen for unusual breathing sound, feel swelling or hardness massHead - to toe injury assessment

Is something the patent tells you is wrong He will explain what he is feeling nausea ,thirst , dizziness

SAMPLE- Signs and SymptomsAsk how the patient is feeling and what occurred immediately before the onset ( how do you feel now ? , when did the first symptom occurs ? What where you doing ?)

Find the plus rate

Check respiration

Check temperature and moisture

determining color

SAMPLE - Allergies

SAMPLE Medications

SAMPLE - Preexisting medical Condition

SAMPLE - Last Meal

SAMPLE -EventsCheck into this web site :

http://www.redbicycle.org/EmergencyResponse/IllnessAssessmentForm.pdf

Dislocation and fracture

Dislocation occur when a great deal of pressure placed on a jointSuspect a fracture if , after a fall or blow a limp appears to be in an unnatural position , swells or bruises , painful at suspected point Splint injury in the position you find do not try to straighten

Dislocation :

Fracture :

Always check circulation before and after splinting or bandaging

Minor cuts, scrapes and bruises

Cuts and scrapes:Control bleeding with pressure Wash wound with water to remove all dirt Cover the wound with sterile dressing Check wound daily for sign of infection

Bruises:Apply cold compresses at least for five minuteElevate affected area above the heart , if possible Caused by bleeding into under the skin causes bruises

Temperature related injury :Burns

Heat stroke

Hypothermia

BURNS:Causes of burns :Thermal

Chemical

Electrical

Degrees' of burns: First degree Second degreeThird degreeSkin layerAffect outer skin layer only Go in to the second skin layer Involve all skin layers appearsRed skin Slightly swollenPainful to touch Blisters Red splotchy skin PainlessCharred black or dry and white area How to treat the burn ??Stop think act Assess the scene , use barriers Alarm EMS perform primary assessment ABCDs If patient is responsive perform secondary assessment to determine extent of burns.Help patient to lie down , but ensure area dose not come into contact with groundDouse the burned area with cool liquid for at least ten minutes . Never but ice , butter , cream never remove blusters

Carefully remove clothing around burned area , remove any constructing items ( watch , rings ) before swelling begins Cover burn with sterile dressing For fingers or toes burns separate with dry sterile dressing

For chemical burns flush skin surface with running cool water for at least 20 minutes

what degree ??

Heat stroke

Heat stroke : Body temperature high than 40 Its a life threatening conditionDry flushed skin ,rapid pulse ,disoriented, confused or unconscious What to do ?? move patient to a cool shaded area , Remove much outer clothes as possible Cool patient by spraining or sponging with cool water Cover the patient with wet cloth /sheet keep monitoring ABCDsReplace wet sheet with dry one if temperature returns to normal

Hypothermia

Hypothermia Sever hypothermia : body temperature below 32cPatient is confused or unconscious Give primary care ABCDS Dont move patient (to prevent further heat loss )Remove wet cloth Cover the patient with warm blankets or thick clothes Monitor and recorded vital signs Mild hypothermia : body temperature below 34cPatient is conscious and alert but shivering ,impaired coordination Provide with dry cloth Give warm drinksMonitor and recorded vital signs

Frost bite :

Diabetic problem:If you suspect that the patient have high or low blood sugar always provide him with snack or meal , fruit juice Stroke :Occurs when blood vessel in the brain is blocked or rupture cutting the brain tissue from OxygenSign + symptoms :Numbness Paralysis or weakness of the face ,are or leg ( often one side only )May have trouble speaking may complain of sever unexpected headache Decrease vision in both eyes