Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Second Great Awakening—Renewal of faith in religion that swept the world

--Preachers across the country attempted to get people to revert back to religion.

--Led to huge increases in Protestant and Baptist churches

--The Awaking stressed that salvation was available to all people.

--Shakers and Mormons were also formed during this time (1774-1844).

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’sJames Finley—minister who tried to spread the “word of God”

“Mother Ann” Lee’s Shakers

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sBrook Farm—one “utopia” that stressed nature in 1841.

--Founded by George Ripley

--Included writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

--Located away from the city, Brook Farm was dedicated to education and self-cultivation.

By 1850 the movement began to fade--

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sInstitutional Reform

--Dorothea Dix

A) Became interested in the mentally ill in 1841

B) After touring many mental institutions she was indirectly responsible for the founding of 30 mental institutions.

--Prisons

A) Began to stress rehabilitation instead of punishment.

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Dorothea “Dragon” Dix

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sTemperance Movement—1820-1860

A)Tried to get people to limit alcohol use

B)Blamed most of societies problems on alcohol

C)Ten Nights in a Bar Room and What I Saw—Book that blamed alcohol for violent crimes and poverty--Extra Credit Opportunity??

D)Many immigrants fought the movement

E)1846—Maine banned all sales of alcohol

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’sSocial Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Education Reform

A)Horace Mann—Reformed schools in Massachusetts and opened schools for teachers.

B)Founded state-run schools instead of private ones

C)1821—First free public high school opened in Boston, MA

D)Many people fought these reforms…WHY?

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s

E) Mary Jane Patterson—Became the first woman to receive a college degree from a U.S. institution in 1862.

F) Emma Willard and Mary Lyon—Founded secondary schools and colleges for women in the early 1800’s.

Mount Holyoke College