second and third generation heritage speakers
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Second and Third Generation Heritage SpeakersTRANSCRIPT
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN 2ND AND 3RD GENERATION HERITAGE
LANGUAGE SPEAKERS
Carolyn HudsonTESL 6476 Advanced Pedagogy
This presentation summarizes the findings of
a study on heritage language speakers as presented by Debra
Suarez, of the College of Notre Dame of Maryland.
Definition
English Language Learners are defined as
students with limited English proficiency who
speak a language other than English
at home.
(NCELA, 2006)
Introduction
This report looks at the phenomenon of
English Language Learners who were born in the United
States, but for various reasons have
not mastered the English Language.
The number of English Language
Learners in United
States public schools has
been consistently rising since
1989.
U.S. born ELL’s do not conform to the Three-Generation
Expectation
The Three-Generation Expectation
basically states that a family’s
native language is lost by the
third generation.
(Fishman, 1966; Veltman, 1983)
Current demographics show that the native
language is not lost and replaced with English by
the third generation.
A Preference for English
Studies show that although second
generation heritage speakers seek to maintain
their heritage language, there is
a strong preference for
English.
https://www.google.com
What does this mean for ESL teachers?
The Role of ESL Teachers in Supporting Heritage Language Speakers
ESL teachers can play a role in supporting
heritage language maintenance by becoming strong advocates for bi-
literacy.
(Grant & Wong, 2003)
References
Fishman, J. (1966). Language loyalty in the United States. The Hague: Mouton.
Grant, R., & Wong, S. (2003). Barriers to literacy for language minority learners: An argument for change in the literacy education profession. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 46(5), 386-394.
National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition and Language Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA). (2006). Frequently asked questions. Washington, DC: George Washington University. Retrieved May 4, 2007, from http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/expert/faq/
Veltman, C. (1983). Language shift in the United States. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.