seattle childrens home

Originally Submitted: October 28, 2013 Resubmitted: December 31, 2013 Name: Seattle Childrens Homes Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage Year Built: 1908-1909 Street and Number: 901 West McGraw Street

Second Address: 214210th Avenue West Permitted Address: 2157 10th Avenue West

Assessor's File No. 701120-0200, Building 1 Legal Description: QUEEN ANNE SECOND ADDITION AND PORTION VACANT ALLEY

ADJACENT, PLAT BLOCK: 2 PLAT LOT 1 TO 12 & 24 TO 40, VOLUME 3, PAGE 94, IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE, IN THE COUNTY OF KING, IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

Plat Name: Queen Anne 2nd Addition Block: 2 Lot: 1 to 12 and

24 to 40 Present Owner: Navos / Seattle Childrens Home Present Use: Offices Owner Address: 2600 SW Holden Street Seattle, WA 98126 Original Owner: The (Seattle) Ladies Relief Society / Seattle Childrens Home Original Use: Infirmary and Laundry Architect: Unknown Builder: Unknown

Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage at the Seattle Childrens Home Seattle Landmark Nomination

Submitted October 28, 2013 Resubmitted December 31, 2013 This report was prepared by:

Aaron Lemchen Nicholson Kovalchick Architects 310 First Avenue S., Suite 4S Seattle WA 98104 206-933-1150 www.nkarch.com

Nicholson Kovalchick Architects McGraw Cottage Nomination December 2013

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Table of Contents

I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

II. Building Information .............................................................................................................................................. 4

III. Architectural Description .................................................................................................................................... 5

A. Site and adjacent neighborhood context ........................................................................................ 5

B. Building Exterior and Structure ......................................................................................................... 6

C. Building Interior ..................................................................................................................................... 8

D. Summary of Primary Alterations ....................................................................................................... 8

1. Interior: ................................................................................................................................................... 9

2. Exterior ................................................................................................................................................... 9

IV. Historical Context ............................................................................................................................................... 10

A. Site Development................................................................................................................................ 10

B. History of Seattle Childrens Home ............................................................................................... 11

C. Use of the Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage Over Time ..................................................... 12

D. The Development of the Orphanage and Changes in Focus ................................................... 13

E. Infirmary Design .................................................................................................................................. 15

F. Similar Structures in Seattle: ............................................................................................................ 15

V. Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................... 17

VI. Preparer and Reviewer Information ............................................................................................................... 19

VII. List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

VIII. Report Illustrations ............................................................................................................................................. 23


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I. Introduction This report was written at the request of the prospective owners of the property, Camwest-Toll WA, LP, with permission of the current owners of the property, the Seattle Childrens Home, as part of the Seattle land-use permit and SEPA process to ascertain the historical nature of the subject building. The subject building for the purposes of this report only includes McGraw Cottage, located in the northwest corner of the much larger Seattle Childrens Home Campus at 901 West McGraw Street in the Queen Anne Neighborhood. (Figure 1and Figure 14)

Sources used in this report include:

Records of permits from the Seattle Department of Planning and Development microfilm library. Assessor's photographs and property card from the Puget Sound Regional Archives in Bellevue,

Washington. Newspaper, book, city directories, and maps referencing the property (see bibliography). Author's on-site photographs and building inspection, or by other NKA employees. Information on owners and tenants was derived from the sources above and deed research through the

King County Recorders office. Historic photographs of the subject property provided an important source of information on changes to

the exterior to the building: Unless noted otherwise, all images are by NK Architects and date from spring through fall 2013.


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II. Building Information

Name (recent): McGraw Cottage

Name (original) Annex / Hospital

Year Built: 1908-1909

Street & Number: 901 West McGraw Street (Seattle Childrens Home, a campus of multiple buildings); 2142 10th Avenue West (Second Address) 2157 10th Avenue West (Original Permit Address)

Assessors file No.: 701120-0200, Building 1

Original/Present Owner: Seattle Childrens Home

Owners Contact: Mary Ives Project Manager Navos 2600 SW Holden Street Seattle, WA 98126 (206) 933-7152 [email protected]

Developer Contact: Andrew Miller, Land Entitlement Manager Camwest A Toll Brothers Company 9720 NE 120th Place, Suite 100 Kirkland WA 98020 (425) 825-1955 [email protected]

Original Use: Orphanage Infirmary and Laundry

Present Use: Clinical Offices, Reception and Treatment Area

Original Architect / Builder: Unknown

Plat/Block/Lot: Queen Anne 2nd Addition / Block 2 / Lots 1 to 12 and 24 to 40

Legal Description: QUEEN ANNE SECOND ADDITION & PORTION VACATED ALLEY ADJACENT, PLAT BLOCK: 2 PLAT LOT 1 TO 12 & 24 TO 40, VOLUME 3, PAGE 94, IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE, IN THE COUNTY OF KING, IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON


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III. Architectural Description

A. Site and adjacent neighborhood context Seattle Childrens Home is a campus of multiple buildings, located on the west slope of Queen Anne Hill. The campus takes up most of the northern portion of a block bounded by West McGraw Street to the North, 9th Avenue West to the east, West Crockett Street to the South and 10th Avenue West to the west. The flag-lot-shaped campus is bounded by West McGraw Street to the north, 9th Avenue West to the east, and several single family lots to the south and west along and 10th Avenue West to the West. An L-shaped alley right of way defines the southern and western boundaries of the southerly portion of the campus. The alley connects to West Crockett Street and 10th Avenue West. The campus is intermittently bordered by shrubs, trees and hedges along the bordering streets with the exception of vehicular and pedestrian entrances to the campus (Figures 3, 5, and 6). The campus and nearby neighborhood grades slope down towards the west.

The subject of this report, McGraw Cottage, is on the northwest corner of the campus. There are five other buildings on the campus, but McGraw Cottage is the only one which is over 50 years of age. The South Unit, is the most southerly building on the campus and located between the blocks north / south alley and a parking lot accessed off 9th avenue. The northern half of the campus is separated from the southern half by two 1966 Mandeville & Berge designed buildings, east (Vocational Education Center) and west (Treatment Center) of each other. To the north of the Treatment Center building is a parking lot, accessed of 10th Avenue West, which lies between itself and McGraw Cottage. To the north of the Vocational Education Center is a landscaped open lawn or green, and the L-shaped McGraw Center, a 1965 Mandeville & Berge Designed Building. This building is connected by an enclosed stair to the east end of the McGraw Cottage building. Enclosing the northern half of the green, and partially enclosed by the L-shaped building on the northeast corner of the site, is the Clinic / Administration building (1985). This building is rectangular, with a chamfered northwest corner, and is located between the northern portion of the parking lot and the green. (Figures 11and 62)

West McGraw has a fairly dramatic rise along the north slope of the property. The campus takes up the complete south side of the street in the block upon which it is located. Across the street to the north from the campus are single family homes. West of the alley and north of West McGraw is a colonial revival residence with a garage addition, and to the east of the alley is a craftsman style building with a free standing garage. On the northeast corner of the McGraw Street and 9th Avenue West intersection there is a duplex which faces 9th Avenue West with a driveway on its north side. Across from the east side of the campus and across the street there appears to be a mixture of multifamily and single family residential structure varying in age and style. Directly to the south of the campus are two single family residences. The buildings along West Crockett Street, along the southern portion of the block, appear to be single family residences. The three residences to the south of the campus on the same block are relatively recent additions with the exception of the residence adjacent to the southwestern boundary of the campus. Across 10th Avenue West from the campus are single family, duplex and townhome residences.

The subject building of this report is currently referred to as the McGraw Cottage, and is a 2,000 square foot, T-shaped plan structure. The top of the T-shaped plan is on the west end of the building. West McGraw Street slopes up from west to east along the buildings northern edge. It has several well established hedges between the sidewalk and the building along West McGraw Street and a few mostly deciduous trees as well. To the east it is connected via an enclosed stairway to the L shaped McGraw Center Building located on the northeast corner of campus. To the south of the buildings eastern wing are several trees, and the rectangular building Clinic / Administration Building, which features a chamfered northwest corner and mansard roof. To the south of the eastern end of the building is a parking lot, accessed from 10th Avenue West, just south of West McGraw Street. To the west of the building is a landscaped open green, with several deciduous and coniferous trees, deciduous shrubbery, a low metal fence, small shrubs and ground cover, adjacent to the sidewalk and street. (Figures 11, 12, and 13)


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Designated Seattle landmarks in the surrounding neighborhood include:

Name Address Cotterill House 2501 Westview Drive West Handschy /Kistler House 2433 9th Avenue West (former) Seventh Church of Christ 2555 8th Avenue West Fourteenth Avenue West Group 2000 14th Avenue West Queen Anne Library 406 West Garfield Street West Queen Anne Elementary School 1401 5th Avenue West Kinnear Park 988 West Olympic Place Parsons House / Memorial Garden 618 West Highland Drive Stuart / Balcom House 619 West Comstock Avenue C.H. Black House and Gardens 615 West Lee Street McFee/Klockzien House 524 West Highland Drive Chelsea Apartment building 620 West Olympic Place

B. Building Exterior and Structure The building itself is a 2 story, T-shaped plan, wood framed structure with an asphalt composition shingled hip roof and two chimneys. The top of the T is located on the western end of the building and is almost square in plan with a narrow wing of the building extending to the east. One chimney is located on the north side of the eastern wing and the other chimney is located on the north side of the juncture between the top and bottom of the T, but within the footprint of the building. The upper floor windows are wood sash and double-hung, most with a transom. The lower floor windows are also double-hung, but without a transom. These transoms appear to be an original feature as they are pictured in an article that accompanied an article in the Seattle Daily Times when the then hospital dormitory was opened on the campus. (Figure 47) A small original architectural detail is visible on all sides of the buildinga continuous horizontal band between window headers and roof soffit, punctuated with a repeating motif of two vertical panels of wood. This detail is a vernacular reference to a Classical style entablature with triglyphs. The windows have approximately 8 inch trim on the jambs and a 1 inch thick sill with no stool on the exterior. The building is sided with painted wood lap siding with an approximately 5 inch exposure. (Figures 41 and 44)

North Elevation

The northern elevation of the west portion of the building is divided into three asymmetrical window bays. The central bay consists of two ganged double-hung windows with transoms on the second floor. These joined windows are flanked on either side by double-hung windows with transoms. The window to either side has a transom. The one to the west is located further away from the paired windows than the one to the east. The whole assemblage is located closer to the east than the west in contrast to the symmetrical location of the doors and windows on the west and south sides of the wings. The lower floor has a double-hung window that is aligned with the eastern window on the upper floor. The only other opening in the wall on this floor is a vent that is located near the northeastern corner. Facing east on the western, larger portion of the building is a single double-hung window with a transom. It is located on the southeast corner of the western portion adjacent to where it joins the narrower eastern portion at the second floor level. The same window arrangement is placed symmetrically on the northeast corner of the west portion of the building facing east. There are now openings in the wall on the level below this opening. (Figure 40)

The brick chimney projects proud of the north wall, but recesses approximately 1-2 feet, where it penetrates the roof eave and extends above the roof. It is capped by a clay flue liner and a metal chimney cap. To the east side of the chimney on the upper floor is a double-hung window with a transom. Below are two joined 2/2 divided light windows. These lower windows are symmetrical with windows on the opposite side of the chimney. To the east of those windows is a mid-level entry flush at the same level as the stair case landing beyond. The gable roofed entry projects from the north wall. It has divided light sidelights to either side of the centrally located glazed door


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and on the east and west walls of the entry projection. The entry roof is supported on double columns on either side of it. To the east of are two joined 2/2 divided light windows, larger in area than the other windows found throughout the building. The easternmost of these windows is double-hung and abuts a post supporting the northeast corner of the roof. Below the windows are the horizontal lapped siding and a lattice panel to the grade below the water table trim. (Figure 42)

The eastern portion of the building consists of a narrower rectangular block extending from the square shaped (or top of the T) west portion towards the east. Between the point where it attaches to the western portion and a brick chimney projecting from the north elevation, there are two double-hung windows on the upper floor. The one nearest the western wing is square in proportion and without a transom while the one nearest the chimney has a transom window. The lower level openings are not aligned with the upper openings. They consist of two joined 2/2 divided light windows nearest the chimney and a half glazed door with three lower solid panels and a transom above with steps down to the below grade entry. (Figure 41)

East Elevation

On the east side of the building are four more 2/2 divided light windows enclosing a sun porch. The most northerly of these windows appears to tilt in, though it appears to have been many years since this feature was used as the hinges have been painted over. The other windows appear to be fixed and are identical to this window, with the exception of hinges between the interior sill and sash. The windows on the north and east elevation provide for a sunroom on the interior. (Figure 42)

South Elevation

The southern elevation of the west portion of the building (top of the T) is also divided into three bays symmetrically located on the buildings face. The central window, which does not have a transom, is much narrower and shorter than those to either side of it. Again its top is aligned with the top of the transoms above either flanking double-hung window. Centrally aligned with the window on the upper floor is a 6-paneled stile and rail door which provides access to the south side of the building, at the lower level. At this location on the south side of the building, there is a decorative but non-original water fountain.The grade of the site also steps up along the building underneath the lower floor window flanking the east side of this door, whose bottom is raised in response to the grade. The top of this window is aligned with the other symmetrically placed window on the opposite side of the door; both of the window tops are located lower in height than either those of the door or the other first floor windows. The eastern elevation of the west wing has a single double-hung window with transom on the southeast corner, where it joins the eastern wing at the second floor level. The same window arrangement is placed symmetrically on the northeast corner of the wing. There are openings in the wall on the level below this opening.

On the south side of the building the building is connected to McGraw Center building by an enclosed stairway at the southeast corner. On the westerly portion of the wing there are five double-hung windows. The most easterly of these adjacent to the west does not have a transom. To the east of this window, four double-hung windows with transoms in BAAB pattern (B=narrow, A=wide) on the upper floor. These windows are located to the west of a covered, glazed entry door with divided lights. A small, hip-roofed portico feature supported by two columns covers the entry door. A cast in place concrete stairway and retaining wall leads down from a rip rap retaining wall which holds the soil at grade with the upper level. Both retaining walls are topped by a welded pipe steel guard rail. A steel pipe handrail, painted white to match the cladding is attached to McGraw Cottage adjacent to the exterior stairway. The horizontal lapped siding covers this elevation down to a water table board and a board formed foundation / basement stem wall. In the top of this wall and centered closer to the more easterly of the two middle windows with a transom lies a rectangular basement window. (See Figure 36)


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West Elevation

The western wing of the building is divided into three evenly-spaced bays across its western face, and three asymmetrical bays across its northern face. The central bay on the west face has a smaller than typical double-hung window without a transom on it. The top of this window is aligned to the top of the transoms of the other two second story windows on this elevation. Below are two double-hung windows without a transom flanking a central glazed entry door with a transom above. The window and doors at each level are all aligned by the top of their openings. (Figure 38)

C. Building Interior Lower level: The interior has many access points from the exterior. A corridor stretching west to east organizes the interior in the basement and parts of the upper floor. On the lower floor this corridor takes up the southern half of the building with most of the smaller spaces and stairwells along the northern portion of the building. It is irregular in shape. There is a 3-step stair between the upper eastern portion of this level and the lower western portion. At its far end there is a door to enter a stairway on the north side. The stair has a mid-level landing that connects to a glazed projecting entry vestibule, before continuing up on to the upper floor. The lower floor is typified by exposed board formed concrete foundation stem walls approximately 3-1/2 feet on the west side and stepping up to follow the grade. The stem wall projects approximately 4 inches from the remaining wall surface. The wall finish above the stem wall and the interior partitions throughout the building is typically either plaster on lath or gypsum drywall. The window trim on the lower floor is typically simple, flush 1 boards with a projecting and overhanging sill and stool detail. Eight inch square wood columns, electrical conduit and other building systems are exposed throughout the lower floor. There is a larger / more open area at the west end of the lower floor corresponding with the larger west-wing portion of the building. There is an open stair on the south side of this area up to a landing on the south side of the building which provides entry on to the court between McGraw Cottage and McGraw Center and Clinical / Administration Building. The open portion of the stairway has a wood combination hand and guard rail with 2 inch square balusters, an approximately 8 inch square newel post with a flat wood top cap detail and handrail. The stair appears to be original due to the thickness of the paint on the railing. The stairway continues through a second door into the stairway to the upper floor. The stairway has a single bare bulb with a cove above the lower landing doorway and a doorway at the upper floor corridor as well. Flush to the east side of the lower landing and below the stairway to the upper floor is a narrow closet with a five panel door. The original hardware appears to be intact. (Figures 52, 53 and 54)

Upper level: The upper level corridor stretches from the west end of the building to the western wall of the reception area with smaller rooms along either side of the corridor. The above described and likely older stairway is entered off the west end of the corridor. The corridor has doorways with offices and support spaces on the north and south side. The spaces on the northeast and southeast corner contain restrooms. To the west of the square plan portion of the building corridor ends in the room named Victorian Room Reception. It is open from the corridor to the stair corridor and entry to the east. This corridor connects a southern door and portico entry on the second floor with stairway leading to the midlevel northern entry portico and lower level below. Beyond this vestibule space is the eastern sunroom. The north and eastern portions of this room have 2/2 narrow muntin windows. The southern wall of the sun room is completely blank with the exception of a door which leads to the lower landing of an enclosed stairway leading to building 2. There is also a doorway from this lower landing on its western side leading to the same space as the portico entry on the south side of the building. (Figures 28, 48, 49, 50, 55, 56 and 57)

D. Summary of Primary Alterations

McGraw Cottage has had noticeable changes over the years. The integrity of the exterior has had some alterations including the addition of an enclosed stair connection at the sunroom / porch, the addition of two new entries, and a chimney with additional window openings, and exterior entry to boiler / mechanical room. However, the overall massing of the building has not been dramatically altered with the exception of the additional chimney and the enclosed stairway to McGraw Center. The interior has had many alterations, including the


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conversion of the lower level to clinical office space (from what had been recorded as a laundry on Sanborn Maps), and the upper level converted from an infirmary use into a girls dormitory, then later into offices and a reception area. (Figures 4, 5 and 6)

1. Interior:

The following changes to the interior have been observed:

1. The enclosure of the porch on the east side of the building to a sunroom/kindergarten space in 1914, financed by a donation from Mrs. Nathan Eckstein.

2. In 1944, the NBBJ design made the following changes to the interior of the building (Figures 26 and 27):

a. The addition of a kitchen on the lower level and north side of the building exhausting through the base of the newly placed chimney.

b. The upper level was converted into living quarters including the addition of a shower and toilet room on the west end of the building, tub rooms were added on the north and south side of the building at this time as well.

c. A new stair and mid-level entry landing on the north side were added.

d. The addition of a powder room opposite the upper level landing of the new stair.

3. In 1985 Mandeville Berge Box designed the following alterations to the building (Figure 28):

a. Removed the windows from the southern side of the sunroom and added a covered stairway attaching McGraw Cottage to McGraw Center. See item 6 below.

b. The conversion of former dormitory rooms of the McGraw Cottage into offices.

c. The conversion of the powder room opposite the upper level landing of the new stair into a new entry from the southeast corner.

2. Exterior

The following changes to the exterior have been observed:

1. In 1914 the porch was enclosed on the east side of the building to be utilized as a sunroom / kindergarten space due to the generosity of Mrs. Nathan Eckstein. See previous number 1 under 1. Interior. (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 14)

2. In 1944, NBBJ designed alterations to the building as part of its conversion into a McGraw Cottage, roughly equivalent to a group home for high school aged women, including the following (Figures 26 and 27)::

a. The addition of a chimney on the north side of the building including ventilation / exhaust for a new kitchen on the lower level and a fire place on the upper level. New joined 2/2 square windows were added on the west side of the chimney into the rectangular opening.

b. The addition of a glazed, mid-level projecting entry vestibule on the north side at the same level as the landing of the new stair.

3. In 1985 the building was renovated by the architecture and engineering firm of Mandeville Berge Box, the following alterations were made to the exterior (Figure 28):


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a. The addition of a portico entry and enclosed stairway connecting McGraw Cottage to McGraw Center along with a new site stair along the south side of McGraw Cottage.

b. The addition of a separate exterior door to the boiler room and portioning it off from the interior.

4. Exact dates unknown:

a. The lower level vent grill on the northeast corner of the west, square plan portion of the lower floor appears to have originally been a window or a coal chute in the 1937 tax assessors photograph. (Figure 39)

b. On the south side of the structure the door to the lower level / basement has been changed from the five panel door seen in the 1985 assessors photograph to the current 2x3 paneled door. (Figures 36 and 37)

c. The removal of the upper portion of the original chimney that still services the boiler. The chimney in the 1937 photograph appears to have been shortened. In the 1937 Assessors photograph there appears to have been some projecting and inset brick coursing details that have since been lost along with the upper portion of the chimney. In addition the upper 3 courses of brickwork on this chimney may not have been original due to the difference in brick dimensions (larger) and color of the mortar. (Figures 39 and 40)

IV. Historical Context

A. Site Development The Seattle Childrens Home site is located in Queen Anne Second Addition to the City of Seattle platted in April 1889 by the husband and wife owners of the property, Robert and Frances McEntire. At the time Washington was still a Territory. In the plat map, West McGraw Street was referred to as Seventh Street, 10th Avenue West was referred to as Smiths Avenue and 9th Avenue West was referred to as Leary Avenue. Crockett Avenues name has remained unchanged.

In 1903, the Ladies Relief Society purchased the property in Queen Annes Second Addition where their campus is currently located; presumably they purchased it from the McEntires or their heirs. There is reference to the fact that they had purchased 12 lots at the current site and were in negotiations for an additional 17 lots from the (Seattle) School Board. The microfilmed title abstracts on file at the City of Seattles Department of Planning and Development did not name a grantor or date for the property transaction though they are located at the top of the sheet. (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 13; Queen Anne 2nd Addition, Block 2)

The initial development of the site began with the construction of the first orphanage / dormitory on the site by the Ladies Relief Society in 1905. It was designed by W.H. Jewett, who died before the building could be completed, the rest of its construction was overseen by William E. Boone, architect. (1830-1921). William H. Jewett was also responsible for the design of the Seattle Seminarys (Seattle Pacific University) Peterson building in partnership with Carl Alfred Breitung. He also was responsible for the design of an 8 room residence for Major John Mills who was supervising the construction of the Lake Washington Ship canal at the time and a wood framed building for St. Marks Parish on Harvard Avenue, both in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. (Jewett, William, 2013; William E. Boone; Breitung and Jewett, Architects, 2013; Building Permits: Church and Society Buildings, 1901)

The first orphanage on the site was located at an angle to the block roughly facing west southwest. A small tool house was located on the northeast corner of the property along with the new orphanage in 1909. (Figure 4) In 1908-1909 the building which is the subject of this report was constructed. It is listed in the Sanborn Fire Insurance Map as having a Laundry on the first level and an infirmary on the second level. (Figures 3, 4, and 5) In 1932 the main building was replaced with a design by Ivey and Ayer with a building aligned to the street. This new building may have partly been constructed in response to the fire departments concern over fire safety; in 1907 a


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fire in the original building resulted in fatalities. Additionally, general age, and a persistently leaky roof in the original building also were probably a factor in the decision to remove the structure. During the transition several local houses were rented to house the children and the hospital annex. The campus would remain largely unchanged and no formal planning would take place until the 1960s. (Figure 7) (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 22; Wilma, 2001)

In the 1960s the campus was largely redeveloped with several phases of work. The campus went from two buildings covering a multitude of purposes, to a campus with multiple buildings, each with specific focus in terms of their function. All of the current buildings on the campus, with the exception of the Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage, were initially designed by the local architecture and engineering firm of Mandeville & Berge or its successor, Mandeville Berge Box. The firm consisted of Gilbert Harrison Mandeville and Gudmond Brynjulv Berge. (Figure 62) Duane H. Box would later become a partner. Other notable projects that they were responsible for include the former Ballard branch of the Seattle Public Library, the Logan Building and Pioneer Square neighborhoods Sinking Ship Garage.

Phase I of the Seattle Childrens Homes redevelopment in 1965 involved the construction of the Living Unit, now known as the McGraw Center. (Figure 15) It was designed by Mandeville & Berge, who later remodeled the building in 1980. In 1995 further work on the building was carried out by Daly and Associates and again in 2005 by Sellentin Architecture. Phase II in 1966 focused on the construction of the Group Home now referred to as the South Unit. (Figures 22 and 23) Designed in 1965 by Mandeville & Berge, it was remodeled again by Mandeville Berge Box in 1985 and again by Helix Architecture & Design in 2007. With the completion of McGraw Center and the Group Home / South Unit buildings the Ivey and Ayer building was mostly removed by 1967. According to the drawings a small portion of the basement story on the west wing was preserved. This may or may not have been preserved in the Vocational Education Center, designed by Mandeville & Berge in 1966 and an addition on the building was designed by Geise & Associates in 1983. (Figures 21and 24) Mandeville & Berge designed the Treatment, Clinical and Administration Building in 1967. In 1985 it was renovated by Mandeville Berge Box. It is referred to as the Treatment Center in the 1985 master permit document by Mandeville Berge Box. (Figure 20) In 1985, a master permit appears to have been pursued in association with the construction of the Clinical / Administration building again by Mandeville Berge Box. The master permit drawings entitled Seattle Childrens Home Century Two Master Plan show proposed drawings for the site. They include the addition of covered walkways between the Clinical Administration Building, McGraw Center and McGraw Cottage with the addition the current stairway and entrance near the southeast corner of McGraw Cottage. (Figures 8, 9 and 10)

B. History of Seattle Childrens Home The Seattle Childrens Home was founded by the Ladies Relief Society of Seattle, and their histories are closely intertwined. Fifteen prominent Seattle women formed the Ladies Relief Society on April 3, 1884. They included the Yeslers, Minors, Learys and Gatzerts. This was part of the larger national context of Womens Club movements popular throughout the United States from 1850s to the 1920s. At that time, womens groups began to take an active lead in many aspects of civic endeavors, especially charity. These endeavors ranged from the Womens Christian Temperance Union nationally, to the King County Anti-Tuberculosis Society locally. The Ladies Relief Society was the oldest local womens organization. The focus of the Ladies Relief Society was the Seattle Childrens Home, which was organized to assist children needing aid. By 1885, these children had been identified, and a home large enough to accommodate thirty children was built at the foot of Queen Anne Hill. The property was donated to the charity by David and Louisa Dennyearly settlers and landholders of property in Seattlealthough Margaret Pontius, another early pioneer, had initially offered her home to lodge six of the children in February of that year. Essentially the charity operated as an orphanage, and the most common causes of admission were due to the death of a childs mother or desertion by the childs father. In September1885, the society officially incorporated for the general purpose of benevolence and charity and the aiding and assisting of the poor and destitute regardless of creed, nationality or color, with special emphasis on women and children. (Wilma, Women organize Seattle's first charity, The Ladies Relief Society, on April 4, 1884, 2013)

Over the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century, the society received many bequests and donations of both money and land for its cause from many local prominent families, including the Gatzert, Bygger, Dexter Horton, Furhman, Stone, Denny and Schwabacher families. In 1903, the society


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purchased 29 lots at its present location for $6,150. In 1905 the first building was built at the current site and the buildings at the old Children's Home site at the base of the hill were leased out for income. The new building was ready to receive children on April 13, 1905. A new building replaced the old main building at the site in 1932 due to fire safety issues.

By the 1930s, the Seattle Childrens Home had changed its focus and mission from a home for orphans and children in need of care, to what would become the states first childrens comprehensive mental health center. Currently the non-for-profit organization provides outpatient mental health counseling and therapy, behavior support team, home program for extended support, childrens justice system mental health liaisons and a residential treatment program. In 1956 the society changed its name to the Seattle Childrens Home to reflect its focus.

Starting in 2009 Seattle Childrens Home partnered with Navos consortium, a provider of mental health solutions to deliver inpatient and outpatient mental health care throughout the area. As of July 1, 2012 Seattle Childrens Home was officially part of the Navos consortium which includes Ruth Dykeman Childrens Center of Burien. Ruth Dykeman Children's Center is an institution similar to the Seattle Childrens Home, having also started out as an orphanage and transitioning into childrens mental health care. All of the activities of the current campus are slated to move to the Burien location in the near future. (Garfield, 2010; Wilma, Women organize Seattle's first charity, The Ladies Relief Society, on April 4, 1884, 2013; Seattle Children's Home, pp. 22-23; News and Events: Seattle Children's Home NAVOS Joining Forces; The Ladies' Relief Society, 1910, pp. 16-17 ; Andrews, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Western Washington, 1998; Obituaries: Mrs. Nathan Eckstein, 1942).

C. Use of the Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage Over Time Initially the subject building was built to contain the outbreak of contagious diseases within the orphanage, essentially as an isolation ward to minimize the spread of disease to the healthy orphanage residents in the main building. In the original 1905 building designed by W. H. Jewett, the hospital/infirmary function was included within the main building, rather than in a separate building. The subject building, described as a Childrens Hospital Annex on the permits, was permitted in 1908, was valued at $3,500, with a location address at 2157 10th Avenue West. (Figure 25) It was described as a 36 x 75, one-story building. The permit was also noted in the Seattle Times. (Children's Hospital Annex, 1908). The 1910 Historical Sketch from the Societys 1910 annual report refers to the newly built hospital building as The Annex, and that it was designed to take care of 8-10 children through the isolation of contagious diseases. The Sanborn maps list the upper floor as an infirmary and the lower floor as a laundry. (Figure 5)

The person credited by the Ladies Relief Society with establishing the subject building was Mrs. Jennie S. Baker (unknown 1938) and wife of Mr. F.W. Baker, with assistance from friends. The infirmary opened for public inspection on May 4th 1909. She was born in Lima, New York and had attended Wesleyan College. She and Mr. Baker came to Seattle shortly after the great fire of 1889. F.W. Baker is listed as serving on the Board of Trustees in the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. F.W. Baker was on the executive committee of the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in 1909 and chairman of the finance committee. He was the former treasurer of the Seattle Hardware Company and the vice president of the National City Bank. At the time of her death in 1938 she is listed as having bequeathed $40,000 dollars in her will to various charities including $2,500 to the Ladies Relief Society. (Seattle Chamber of Commerce Record, 1915; Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition (1909): Committees, 2008; Mrs. Frank W. Baker Funeral, 1938; $40,000 Left To Charity In Will, 1938).

Soon after its opening, the subject building was utilized for the isolation and care of children with diphtheria. In August of either 1910 or 1911, eighteen children had tonsil operations, presumably on the Seattle Childrens Home site, because records indicate that Mrs. Urie, the matron of the institution, assisted the surgeons. There were also twelve cases of pinkeye during the month of October in either 1910 or 1911. These latter cases were treated through isolation within the home or main dormitory. During the month of June 1912, there were five cases of the measles. In February 1913, there were twenty-two cases of diphtheritic carrier disease. Records report ten cases of the measles in 1913.


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The building is referred to as the little hospital in the 1926-27 Report of the Home Administration Board. The report documented a successful attempt to promptly isolate cases of the German Measles. There was also the position of Emergency Nurse within the Seattle Childrens Home. The annex allowed the healthy children living in the main dormitory building to attend school without fear of quarantining the whole campus. (Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle, 1927, p. 20; The Ladies' Relief Society, 1910, pp. 16-19; The Ladies Relief Society of the City of Seattle, 1914; The Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle, 1911; The Ladies Relief Society of the City of Seattle, 1914; Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 15)

In 1914, a kindergarten and large sun room were added from money donated by Mrs. Nathan Eckstein. Presumably this is the sunroom space on the east end of the building. The sunroom / kindergarten space appears to have been originally a porch whose openings were in filled with windows. This space, even though it is now interior to the building and conditioned appears to rest on an at grade foundation. The basement and foundation for the remaining part of the building do not extend underneath the sun room. A wood latticework is seen from the water table down to grade at this portion of the building.

Mrs. Eckstein was the daughter of the Schwabachers, who had a dry goods store in the city founded in 1869. Her husband, Mr. Nathan Eckstein was president of the company and very active in local civic issues. Her uncle was Bailey Gatzert, a prominent citizen and the eighth mayor of Seattle, serving from 1875 to 1876. Like many other members of her family, she was active in many civic organizations throughout Seattle, including the Community Fund, King County Anti-Tuberculosis League, Mental Hygiene Society, Visiting Nurse Service, as well as the Seattle Childrens Home. (See Figures 26, 27, 28 and 42) (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 14; Obituaries: Mrs. Nathan Eckstein, 1942; Jewish mayor of Seattle Bailey Gatzert is elected on August 2, 1875., 1998)

In 1931 the main building was razed and replaced with the building designed by Ivey and Ayer. During this time the Hospital Annex was pressed into service as a temporary dormitory for eleven girls. Meanwhile, implementation of then-existing welfare programs had brought about significant changes in the population at the home. Children were no longer residing at the orphanage due to their parents ability to care for them for financial reasons; instead, an increasing proportion of the homes population was there due to behavioral or mental health issues. (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, pp. 22-23)

In 1944 the hospital annex was renamed the McGraw Cottage. It was repurposed by the Seattle Childrens Home for use as a separate residential structure for girls 14 to 18 years old, who had no home of their own, and cannot adjust themselves to wage-homes or foster homes. The intention was to remove an institutional stigma from the residence. The boarding fee was to be paid by the girls family or King County as needed. Even with these fees, the McGraw Cottage was expected to operate at a deficit, although the Rotary Youth Foundation supplemented the remaining portion of the costs. The girls were responsible for their own housework and cooking under the supervision of a housemother and a part-time social worker. This program opened for occupants on January 1, 1945. (Open House in Girls' Cottage Draws Crowd, 1944; Conover, 1959; Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 23) In a newspaper photo essay of The Ladies Relief Society / Seattle Childrens Home charitys diamond jubilee events in 1960, the living quarters were described as being for adolescent girls who live in the building with a house mother and learn to be good housewives. (Thomas, 1960)

D. The Development of the Orphanage and Changes in Focus The orphanage concept can be better understood as part of the larger concept of the asylum or as a congregate care strategy for delivering social welfare services. In the Websters Dictionary asylum is defined in this context as either an institution for the maintenance and care of the blind, the insane, orphans, etc. or an inviolable refuge or secure retreat (Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, 1992, p. 93). When the Seattle Childrens Home was brought into being there were no government funded institutions to provide a decentralized social safety net (e.g., todays Social Security, food stamps, employment insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare, along with many other community services typically provided to those who cannot afford or otherwise do not have the resources to care for themselves). It was common for private charities and in some cases government entities to provide for congregate (centralized) social welfare care in the form of asylums, orphanages, or poorhouses / almshouses.


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The Seattle Childrens Home initially was created as an orphanage by Seattles first charity, the Ladies Relief Society. (Wilma, Women organize Seattle's first charity, The Ladies Relief Society, on April 4, 1884, 2013). In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the average resident of the orphanage was likely to have at least one surviving parent who was incapable of taking care of their child for economic reasons. The orphanage as an institution developed in the United States as part of the movement towards asylums. Previous to the early nineteenth century (and even to the colonial era following British traditions and laws), children whose parents could no longer care for them were raised in almshouses (poor houses) in urban areas. In more rural areas, children were cared for by the local community in private homes. In both rural and urban areas it was common for children to be indentured in households until the cost of the rearing and training was paid off. In this era it was common for children to be put to work on the farm or even in small-scale industry once they were physically capable of carrying out any sort of work.

Although orphanages and almshouses had existed in urban areas of Europe and even parts of the United States, they were established with increasing frequency in the nineteenth century to meet the requirements of a growing and increasingly mobile population, in concert with the idea that the asylum was the ideal way to handle mental, physical and economic ills of citizens. By the middle of the nineteenth century authorities in New York would find asylums and almshouses as intolerably wretched places of human existence, especially for children. Orphanages were seen as an improvement over almshouses, providing better conditions and less exposure to criminality than that often found in almshouses or asylums.

Because of the unsuitable living conditions in asylums and almshouses for adults but especially children, it was felt that the humane solution to these issues would be the separating of children from their families where they could be brought up in orphanages without the likelihood of learning criminality or suffering abuse of the other asylum institutions. This furtherance of the congregate social welfare concept was an attempt to control the environment in which children were raised. Unfortunately in many orphanages, especially the larger ones, the bad children typically extended their power and corrupted their fellow formerly good residents. In response to this, further segregation of the children was practiced.

Congregate living also made it difficult to isolate ill children from the other children. The year that McGraw Cottage was opened as the Hospital for the campus, President Theodore Roosevelt would convene a White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children in January of 1909. One of the questions discussed at this conference was whether the nation should move forward with either a congregate care strategy or aid economic and social aid to families in their homes. According to historian Matthew Crenson, the conferences response to those questions was as follows:

Children should not be removed from their families except for urgent and compelling reasons, and destitution was not one of those reasons. If necessary, poor families should receive financial aid so that they could support their children. Children who had to be removed from their own families should be cared for wherever possible, in family homes. If necessary, foster families should be paid to care for other peoples children. Only those children who could not be cared for in their own homes or in foster homes should be consigned to institutions and those institutions should be as homelike as possible. (Crenson, 1998, p. 15)

This conference marked a major turning point in societal opinion about the best approach to caring for the poor and their children. The era of centralized, congregate care for orphan and economically disadvantaged children was starting to diminish. Ironically five months later the building now known as McGraw Cottage would open as a Hospital Annex in service of the orphanage.

This change in approach to the care of indigent families and children would be felt very quickly with 40 out of 48 states approving some form of mothers pensions, a state-by-state prototype of the New Deals Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC or welfare). The State of Washington would approve Mothers Pensions in 1913. These changes would result in a radical shift in the need for orphanages by the 1930s. Mothers Pensions and the successor programs would keep families together in their own residences, and led to a significant decline in the use of orphanage and foster care institutions throughout the country. Many local organizations concerned


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with childrens welfare changed their focus at this time. (Crenson, 1998, pp. 11-18; McGowan, 2005, p. 12; Mothers' Pensions, 2013; Andrews, Rhyther, Mother Olive (1849-1934), 1998; Wilma, Washington Children's Home Society opens Brown Hall in Seattle in November 1908, 2001; About Us)

E. Infirmary Design McGraw Cottage was originally built for and utilized as the infirmary for the Seattle Childrens Home orphanage. The building appears to have been built following historical precedents, including the pavilion system developed in France in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to maximize patients access to air, light and air.

The pavilion system was pioneered in M.P. Gauthiers Hspital Lariboisiere (constructed 1839-54) in Paris and H. Curreys St. Thomass Hospital (constructed 1861-65) in London. The pavilion system was characterized by a narrow, rectangular plan patient ward with a relatively large number of windows to maximize the day lighting and cross ventilation of the patient wards which were connected to a central circulation spine. In the late 1800s, famed nurse Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) would go on to promote the aesthetic need of patients to be able to view the landscape surrounding the hospital.

While there are no historical documents that directly relate Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage building to the pavilion approach to hospital design, there is existing physical evidence in the building underlying the educated assumption that the building was designed and constructed following the principles of hospital pavilion design. It is likely that the design of the building was driven by the concept of the pavilion hospital and can be seen in its massing and layout of windows. The concept of the pavilion systems narrow patient ward can be seen in the eastern portion of the subject building. The wider west wing may have served as the service portion of the facility, as there was no need for circulation between wards in this particular example. The frequent tall windows with transom in the narrow east portion of the building effected both a high degree of day lighting and ventilation compared to contemporary buildings and residences. (Burpee, 2008)

F. Similar Structures in Seattle: Orphanage buildings contemporary with the construction of the first orphanage building and hospital annex at the current Seattle Childrens Home site were varied in design and function. From the formal, brick clad institutional buildings to wood clad residential styles. Contemporaneous buildings to McGraw Cottage were situated on campuses of many similar institutions throughout the city. However, no other orphanage in the city of Seattle could be located by this author with a separate building housing the infirmary. Below is a short synopsis of comparable childrens institutions history and built environment.

The Childrens Home Society of Washington was part of the National Childrens Home Society formed in Illinois in 1883. Its mission was to place orphaned children in family foster homes rather than orphanages. In 1896 the Reverend Brown and his wife began work on behalf of the society in Washington. In 1899 they built a small receiving home on Green Lake. Children were cared for at this location until they could be placed in either foster care or adoption. On December 29, 1907 tragedy struck when a fire destroyed the home and killed two infants. The society constructed Brown Hall to serve a similar purpose on donated land at NE 65th Street and 33rd Avenue NE. Brown Hall was constructed at the site and named in honor of the Reverend Brown and his wife. The building was a two story federalist revival building with a glazed second story room underneath the portico roof deck and an entry below. Because of the emphasis on in-home foster care or adoption by the organization, the population in the home was highly transitory and may have had little need for a separate infirmary within the building. A smaller portico and roof can be seen on the adjacent side. (Figure 58) In the 1970s it was demolished to allow for redevelopment of the 3.7 acre campus into a 4 building property for the agency which is a headquarters for the organizations activities in Washington with 38 locations throughout the state. Currently, the site is in the process of being sold by the organization. (Wilma, 2001)

The Rhyther home, currently in the Wedgewood neighborhood of Seattle, has been located at several other institutions throughout the city. The institution was started in Ollie Mother Rhythers settlers cabin on a land claim in what is now Kirkland in the 1870s, but the family moved to the Central Area within a few years. In 1905, they moved to the former Pontius Mansion (Figure 60, demolished) on Denny Way and Yale Street. In 1920, they moved to a residence in the Wallingford neighborhood on NE 45th Street and Stone Way. Upon the Mother


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Rhythers death in 1934, the home was closed for a year, but reopened as a psychiatric service center for children, following a recommendation from the University of Washington School of Social Work. In 1954, the institution moved to its current 8 acre campus with nine buildings in the Wedgewood neighborhood. Until the 1950s, the organizations activities were carried out in the single brick residence on Stone Way and N. 45th Street. At all of these locations, there was no evidence found of a separate building housing an infirmary function. (Andrews, 1998)

Another example of an institution comparable to the Seattle Childrens Home was the Home of the Good Shepherd, a Catholic charity located at 4649 Sunnyside Avenue in Wallingford. It operated from 1906-1973, after which it was sold to the City of Seattle, and is now operated by Historic Seattle as the Good Shepherd Center. The site consists of one large main building and four smaller structures, including sheds and outdoor areas, on an 11.5 acre campus. Currently the campus serves as offices for several non-profit organizations and artists spaces. Originally, the Home was located at Ninth Avenue and Jefferson Street, when the Sisters of the Good Shepherd first arrived in Seattle in 1890. The nuns at the home were dedicated to serving girls who had behavioral issues, or were orphaned and referred to the institution by the courts or their guardians. The Wallingford facility opened in 1906, and was designed by C. Alfred Breitung for the Sisters of the Good Shepherd in a modified neoclassical style. (Figure 59) Over the years, modifications were made to the original building and additions were made to the campus. The South Annex, connected to main building by a cloister, was also built in 1906, and originally contained both a steam plant for heat and a commercial laundry. This laundry, staffed by residents of the Home, supplied clean linens for commercial passenger rail lines with terminuses in Seattle. When the laundry was removed, the space would later become a gymnasium for the residents. A two-story classroom addition was built in 1954 on the north side of the main building. There was an infirmary on the site where visiting medical professionals could care for the residents, but historical documentation reviewed for this report suggests that the infirmary function was not housed in a separate building, but in a space within the main structure. Other structures on the site included a summerhouse, pool, poultry shed and root cellar. The campus had an attached fruit orchard as well. (Harris, 2002; Alexander, Ann H.; Layman, Earl D.; Historic Seattle Preservation and Development Authority, 1977)

The McGraw Cottage / Hospital Annex building appears to be unique in Seattle in that it was designed specifically to house the infirmary function of the orphanage. Other institutions within the city appear to have either had no infirmary at all, or infirmary functions housed within the primary structure (as in the case of the Home of the Good Shepherd). It should also be noted that the Home of the Good Shepherd isolated its inmates from the outside world. In the case of the Rhyther orphanage and the Childrens Home Society of Washington, the populations were smaller and more transitory at the time of the construction of Hospital Annex / McGraw Cottage building and may have had less need for separate or even permaneant infirmary facilities. A 1907 newspaper article about the Seattle Childrens Home alludes to the fact that all of the school age children in the home were prevented from attending public school when the homes residents were found to have contagious illnesses. (Orphans To Have Tree: Inmates of Seattle Children's Home Will Be Entertained, 1907; Harris, 2002)


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V. Bibliography

(n.d.). Retrieved October 16, 2013, from Seattle Children's Home: http://www.seattlechildrenshome.org/

$40,000 Left To Charity In Will. (1938, June 28). The Seattle Daily Times, p. 5.

About Us. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2013, from Childrens Home Society of Washington: http://www.chs-wa.org/

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition (1909): Committees. (2008, May 31). Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8630

Alexander, Ann H.; Layman, Earl D.; Historic Seattle Preservation and Development Authority. (1977, December 15). National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form: Home of the Good Shepherd. Seattle, WA: United States Department of the Interior.

Andrews, M. (1998, December 17). Rhyther, Mother Olive (1849-1934). Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=546

Andrews, M. (1998, December 2). Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Western Washington. Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=407

Breitung and Jewett, Architects. (2013, October 21). Retrieved from Pacific Coast Architecture Database: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/partners/4145/

Building Permits: Church and Society Buildings. (1901, April 3). The Seattle Daily Times, p. 4.

Burpee, H. (2008). History of Healthcare Architecture. Retrieved from Mahlum Architects Inc.: http://www.mahlum.com/pdf/HistoryofHealthcareArchBurpee.pdf

Children's Hospital Annex. (1908, August 23). The Seattle Sunday Times, p. 29.

Conover, C. (1959, December 13). Just Cogitating: Seattle Children's Home Society in 75th Year. The Seattle Times, p. 6.

Crenson, M. A. (1998). Building the Invisible Orphanage. Cambridge, Massachucets: Harvard University Press.

Fine New Hospital Formally Opened. (1909, May 5). The Seattle Daily Times, p. 14.

Garfield, L. (2010, March 1). Seattle's Big Blog. Retrieved from blog.seattlepi.com: http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2010/03/01/a-history-of-charity-how-seattle-childrens-home-got-its-start/

Harris, T. (2002, May 29). Home of the Good Shepherd (Seattle). Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3837

History: An Organization Built in the Hearts of the People. (2013 , October 18). Retrieved from Children's Home Society of Washington: http://www.chs-wa.org/About_Us/History.html

Jewett, William. (2013, October 21). Retrieved from Pacific Coast Architectural Database: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/5584/

Jewish mayor of Seattle Bailey Gatzert is elected on August 2, 1875. (1998, October 30). Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=95

Ladies' Relief Society. (1923). Year Book (Issued in September, 1923) of the Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle and Reports From April 1, 1922 - April 1, 1923. Seattle.

Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle. (1927). 1927 Year Book of the Seattle Children's Home. Seattle.

Mandeville Berge Box. (1984). Seattle Children's Home: Second Century Master Plan. Seattle Children's Home, Seattle.

McGowan, B. G. (2005). Historical Evolution of Child Welfare Services. (G. Mallon, & P. Hess, Eds.) New York: Coumbia University Press. Retrieved September 27, 2013, from Hunter College: Silberman School of


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Social Work- National Resource Center for Permanency and Family Connections:: http://www.nrcpfc.org/ifcpc/module_1/Pre%20Training%20Reading.pdf

McGraw Cottage, Experiment in Group Living. (1948, August 1). The Seattle Sunday Times Rotogravure, p. 2.

Mothers' Pensions. (2013, September 27). Retrieved from Washington State Historical Society: http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/motherspensions/

Mrs. Frank W. Baker Funeral. (1938, June 26). The Seattle Sunday Times, p. 23.

News and Events: Seattle Children's Home NAVOS Joining Forces. (n.d.). Retrieved October 16, 2013, from Seattle Children's Home: http://www.seattlechildrenshome.org/new.asp

Obituaries: Mrs. Nathan Eckstein. (1942, June 27 ). The Seattle Times, p. 10.

Open House in Girls' Cottage Draws Crowd. (1944, November 13). The Seattle Times, p. 8.

Orphans To Have Tree: Inmates of Seattle Children's Home Will Be Entertained. (1907, December 23). The Seattle Daily Times, p. 1.

(n.d.). Queen Anne 2nd Addition, Block 2. In The City of Seattle Plat Book (Vol. 3, p. 94). Seattle.

Queen Anne Second Addition To The City of Seattle. (1889, April 6). Retrieved from King County Recorder's Office: http://146.129.54.93:8193/imgcache/OPR1889040631378-1-1.pdf

Realty and Building Notes. (1901, May 18). The Seattle Daily Times, p. 28.

Seattle Chamber of Commerce Record. (1915, January 1). vol. 3(774215), p. 4.

Seattle Children's Home. (1984). Seattle Children's Home - One Hundred Years of Pioneering in Child Development and Mental Health: 1884-1984. Seattle.

Seattle-King County. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2013, from Children's Home Society of Washington: http://www.chs-wa.org/Our_Locations/Seattle_-_King_County.html

The Ladies' Relief Society. (1910). Annual: The Ladies' Relief Society. Seattle.

The Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle. (1911). Annual of The Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle: 1910-1911. Seattle.

The Ladies Relief Society of the City of Seattle. (1914). Thirtieth Annual Report: April 1, 1913 to April 1, 1914. Seattle.

The Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle, Inc. (1913). Twenty-Ninth Annual Report of The Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle, Inc.: 1912-1913. Seattle: Clint W. Lee.

Thomas, P. (1960, February 21). Diamond Jubilee Reached By Oldest Charity. The Seattle Sunday Times, pp. Fourth Section - Women's News.

Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary. (1992). New York: Barnes & Noble Books.

Why We Help: Our Campus. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2013, from Rhyther.

Why We Help: Our Legacy. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 18, 2013, from Rhyther: http://www.ryther.org/legacy/

William E. Boone. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2013, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Boone

Wilma, D. (2001, July 29). Washington Children's Home Society opens Brown Hall in Seattle in November 1908. Retrieved from HistoryLink.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3464

Wilma, D. (2013, March 5). Women organize Seattle's first charity, The Ladies Relief Society, on April 4, 1884. Retrieved from History Link: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3398


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VI. Preparer and Reviewer Information

Submitted & Prepared by: Nicholson Kovalchick Architects 310 First Avenue S., Suite 4-S Seattle WA 98104 Phone: 206-933-1150

Contact: Aaron Lemchen Email: [email protected] Direct: 206-494-9782

Date: December 31, 2013

Reviewed by:

Date:

VII. List of Figures

Figure 1: Map showing Queen Anne and nearby neighborhoods.

Figure 2: DPD Zoning map of the neighborhood.

Figure 3: Baist 1912 Seattle Real-Estate Map, Plate 13,

Figure 4: 1905 Sanborn Map showing only the first dormitory building at the site (Orphan Asylum)

Figure 5: c. 1917 Sanborn Map showing subject building and first dormitory building at the site.

Figure 6: c. 1951 Sanborn Map

Figure 7: c. 1932 Ivey and Ayer site plan for the New Seattle Children's Home orphanage.

Figure 8: 1965 Phase I Plot Plan, Mandeville and Berge

Figure 9: 1966 Phase II Plot Plan, Mandeville and Berge

Figure 10: 1967 Plot Plan

Figure 11: 1985 Master Plan marked up by the building department in 2002.

Figure 12: 1985 Master Plan from Mandeville and Berge

Figure 13: c. 1985 Landscape Plan showing the landscape plan around McGraw Cottage.

Figure 14: 2013 site plan of Seattle Children's Home, courtesy of NK Architects.

Figure 15: View of the campus from the northeast.

Figure 16: View of the campus from the northwest.

Figure 17: View of the Seattle Childrens Home Campus from the northwest, across 10th Avenue West.

Figure 18: View of McGraw Cottage from the southwest.

Figure 19: View of Clinic Administration building from the northwest.

Figure 20: View of The Treatment Center from the north.

Figure 21: View of the Vocational Education buildings east elevation.

Figure 22: View of the South Unit Buildings east elevation.

Figure 23: View of South Unit Building from the southwest.

Figure 24: Partial view of the Vocational Education Centers south elevation.

Figure 25: Permit #65023 for the Childrens Hospital Annex from DPD roll microfilm collection.


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Figure 26: 1944 NBBJ (Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson) Lower Level Plan From DPD microfilm library.

Figure 27: 1944 NBBJ Second level floor plan.

Figure 28: 1985 McGraw Cottage Plan by Mandeville Berge Box

Figure 29: Copy of photo taken in c.1920 from a slightly different perspective than Figure 29.

Figure 30: c. 1920 Photograph of the Annex / Infirmary / Hospital to the left of the main orphanage building.

Figure 31: Close-up of the photograph in Figure 19 showing the west and southern elevations of the annex.

Figure 32: c. 1927 Photo from the entry steps of the 1905 building looking north.

Figure 33: Mrs. Urie, Matron of the Seattle Children's Home.

Figure 34: c. 1927 photo looking eastward.

Figure 35: 1948 photo showing porch / sunroom entrance.

Figure 36: 1987 Tax Assessor Photograph

Figure 37: 2013 view of door to lower level on south side, west end.

Figure 38: 2013 view of the west elevation of the building.

Figure 39: 1937 Tax Assessor Photograph from the Northeast.

Figure 40: 2013 photograph of north elevation across McGraw Street.

Figure 41: 2013 view of entry to lower level from West McGraw Street.

Figure 42: View of 1914 Eckstein alterations to porch at Sunroom / Kindergarten.

Figure 43: Detail photograph of puttied window muntins.

Figure 44: Detail of 1985 stairway addition at the roof.

Figure 45: Detail of 1985 stairway addition connecting to McGraw Center at foundation.

Figure 46: c. 1944 Entrance, stairway landing with projecting entry vestibule on the north side of building.

Figure 47: Photograph of Childrens Home Hospital Dormitory Interior.

Figure 48: Current photo looking west in the Victorian Room / Reception in McGraw Cottage.

Figure 49: Looking down at the north entrance from the upper level.

Figure 50: Looking down the upper flight of the southwest (original) stair from the upper level.

Figure 51: The lower landings of the western staircase.

Figure 52: View looking at southwest (original) staircase and five paneled door to closet below.


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Figure 53: Looking east from west entrance showing hall and steps up to the east end of the lower level.

Figure 54: Looking west towards the west entrance from the east end of the lower level.

Figure 55: View of the upper level sunroom looking north.

Figure 56: Sunroom looking to the south and doorway to McGraw Center stairway.

Figure 57: Stairway to McGraw Center portion of the building. Sunroom is through door to the right.

Figure 58: Childrens Home Society of Washington Orphanage (demolished).

Figure 59: Good Shepard Orphanage.

Figure 60: Margaret Pontius' Mansion (demolished).

Figure 61: William J. Bain

Figure 62: Gudmond Berge


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VIII. Report Illustrations

Figure 1: Map showing Queen Anne and nearby neighborhoods. The Seattle Childrens Home approximate site location is indicated by red oval.

Figure 2: DPD Zoning map of the neighborhood.

The Seattle Childrens Home site is the large parcel at center.


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Figure 3: Baist 1912 Seattle Real-Estate Map, Plate 13,

courtesy of pauldorpat.com. Red Arrow points to subject building.


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Figure 4: 1905 Sanborn Map showing only the first dormitory building (demolished) at the site (Orphan

Asylum)


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Figure 5: c. 1917 Sanborn Map showing subject building and first dormitory building (demolished) at the

site.

Figure 6: c. 1951 Sanborn Map showing the subject building, and the 1932 Ivey and Ayer main

building.(demolished)


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Figure 7: c. 1932 Ivey and Ayer site plan for the New Seattle Children's Home orphanage. (demolished)

The McGraw Cottage can faintly be seen in the lower left portion of the plan. Building dates from 1932.



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Figure 10: 1967 Plot Plan

It shows the demolition and partial preservation of the 1932 Ivey and Ayer building and the construction of the Treatment Center Building. Perhaps it was preserved as part of the Vocational Education Building seen in Figure 11.


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Figure 11: 1985 Master Plan marked up by the building department in 2002.

It clearly identifies the various buildings the property.

Figure 12: 1985 Master Plan from Mandeville and Berge


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Figure 13: c. 1985 Landscape Plan showing the landscape plan around McGraw Cottage.

Figure 14: 2013 site plan of Seattle Children's Home, courtesy of NK Architects.

McGraw Cottage shaded darker. Numbered circles refer to report Figures and correspond to approximate site photo locations (see following Figures).


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Figure 15: View of the campus from the northeast.

North elevations of McGraw Center (to the left) and the subject building to the right.

Figure 16: View of the campus from the northwest.

North elevations of the subject building (to the right) and the McGraw Center (to the left).


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Figure 17: View of the Seattle Childrens Home Campus from the northwest, across 10th Avenue West.

A neighboring residence can be seen to the north side of McGraw (left).

Figure 18: View of McGraw Cottage from the southwest.

McGraw Center and the Clinic Adminstration Building are visible beyond.


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Figure 19: View of Clinic Administration building from the northwest.

A portion of the Treatment Center building can be seen to the right.

Figure 20: View of the Treatment Center from the north.


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Figure 21: View of the Vocational Education buildings east elevation.

Figure 22: View of the South Unit Buildings east elevation.

As seen from 9th Avenue West.


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Figure 23: View of South Unit Building from the southwest.

Figure 24: Partial view of the Vocational Education Centers south elevation.


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Figure 25: Permit #65023 for the Childrens Hospital Annex from DPD roll microfilm collection.

Although hard to discern, it notes that the building was referred to as the Childrens Hospital Annex and issued on August 21, 1908. The work was valued at $3,500 and the site was addressed as 2157 10th Avenue West. The building was listed as a 36 x 75 one story building. It appears that the permit was initialed by an S.M. or S.N.N. twice, the first time being on Nov 21. This information can also be found in the Seattle Times. (Children's Hospital Annex, 1908)

Figure 26: 1944 NBBJ (Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson) lower level plan From DPD microfilm library.

New northeast stairway, chimney and kitchen on the north side of the building. The document is stamped by William J. Bain. The sunroom is shown as an outline and appears to have a porch type foundation.


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Figure 27: 1944 NBBJ Second level floor plan.

Alterations shown include a new chimney and fireplace on the second level and intermediate landing entrance for northeast stair. These were the plans that transformed the building into McGraw Cottage. Note the toilet and shower room to the west and tub rooms just east of the square-plan portion of the building. (See Figure 26 for more information)

Figure 28: 1985 McGraw Cottage Plan by Mandeville Berge Box

This shows many alterations to McGraw Cottage, including the addition of a covered stairway to McGraw Center, and the removal of door and glazing on south side of the second floor sunroom to facilitate this change. Plans show the original (near the southwest corner) flight of stairs to the lower level as being removed, this latter work was not carried out. The central bathroom on the west side was removed and the tub rooms in the narrow portion of the building on the north and south side were converted to restrooms.


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Figure 29: Copy of photo taken in c.1920 from a slightly different perspective than Figure 30. Note the additional utility poles, additional yard arm on the utility pole in front of the property and the flag at full staff in comparison to the photo in Figure 30. Courtesy of Seattle Children's Home.

Figure 30: c. 1920 Photograph of the Annex / Infirmary / Hospital to the left of the main orphanage building.

(Courtesy of the PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection, Museum of History & Industry, Negative # 983.10.1780.6).


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Figure 31: Close-up of the photograph in Figure 30 showing the west and southern elevations of the annex.

Figure 32: c. 1927 Photo from the entry steps of the 1905 building looking north.

The hospital annex can be seen in the background. (Ladies' Relief Society of the City of Seattle, 1927)


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Figure 33: Mrs. Urie, Matron of the Seattle Children's Home.

She is shown surrounded by her charges in the 1922-23 Ladies Relief Society report. (Ladies' Relief Society, 1923)

Figure 34: c. 1927 photo looking eastward.

The photo shwos the hospital annex to the left, children on the grounds, a flag pole and the main orphanage at the higher part of the property.


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Figure 35: 1948 photo showing porch / sunroom entrance.

This is where current stair to McGraw Center is located. (McGraw Cottage, Experiment in Group Living, 1948)

Figure 36: 1987 Tax Assessor Photograph

View from the southwest showing the campus after recent improvements to the campus.


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Figure 37: 2013 view of door to lower level on south side, west end.

Note the change in door type from 5 panel in Figure 36.

Figure 38: 2013 view of the west elevation of the building.


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Figure 39: 1937 Tax Assessor Photograph from the Northeast.

Note the sunroom windows donated by Mrs. Nathan Eckstein in 1914. (Seattle Children's Home, 1984, p. 14)

Figure 40: 2013 photograph of north elevation across McGraw Street.


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Figure 41: 2013 view of entry to lower level from West McGraw Street.

Note the pattern of windows just to the east of the square planned western portion of the building.

Figure 42: View of 1914 Eckstein alterations to porch at Sunroom / Kindergarten.

Note Triglyph detail at corner.


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Figure 43: Detail photograph of puttied window muntins.

Figure 44: Detail of 1985 stairway addition at the roof.

Note scribing of newer material around original trim at eave and triglyph detail.


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Figure 45: Detail of 1985 stairway addition connecting to McGraw Center at foundation.

Figure 46: c. 1944 Entrance, stairway landing with projecting entry vestibule on the north side of building.


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Figure 47: Photograph of Childrens Home Hospital Dormitory Interior.

The photo accompanied article on the opening of the building as the in 1909. (Fine New Hospital Formally Opened, 1909)

Figure 48: Current photo looking west in the Victorian Room / Reception in McGraw Cottage.


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Figure 49: Looking down at the north entrance from the upper level.

Photo taken from the space between the sunroom and the reception room.

Figure 50: Looking down the upper flight of the southwest (original) stair from the upper level.


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Figure 51: The lower landings of the western staircase.

It doubles back in a u shape instead of the L-shape shown in the NBBJ Plans. (See Figure 26)

Figure 52: View looking at southwest (original) staircase and five paneled door to closet below.


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Figure 53: Looking east from west entrance showing hall and steps up to the east end of the lower level.

Figure 54: Looking west towards the west entrance from the east end of the lower level.


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Figure 55: View of the upper level sunroom looking north.

Figure 56: Sunroom looking to the south and doorway to McGraw Center stairway.

The stairway is located at the southeast corner of the building.


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Figure 57: Stairway to McGraw Center portion of the building. Sunroom is through door to the right.

Figure 58: Childrens Home Society of Washington Orphanage (demolished).

It was located at NE 65th and 29th Avenue NE. Photo taken in 1909 by Asahel Curtis (Negative #13459). Courtesy of University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections (Order Number CUR 581).


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Figure 59: Home of the Good Shepherd, in Wallingford.

Photo taken in 1919 by Asahel Curtis. Courtesy of University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections (CUR 1388).

Figure 60: Margaret Pontius' Mansion (demolished).

Location of the Rhyther orphanage from 1905 to 1919. Courtesy of pauldorpat.com.


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Figure 61: William J. Bain

Bain was the Architect of Record for the remodel of the building to McGraw Cottage in 1944 and a founding partner of NBBJ. He also received Architects Certificate of Registration Number L.1 on January 10th, 1923. From the HistoryLink Website: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=117

Figure 62: Gudmond Berge

This photo was taken from the Tyee Year Book when he was a senior at the University of Washington in 1949. He is thefounding architectural partner of the architecture and engineering firm Mandeville Berge Box with Gilbert Harrison Mandeville as his partner. The firm is responsible for the adjacent buildings on the Seattle Childrens Home campus. Courtesy of the University of Washington Special Collections: http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fuwdocs&CISOPTR=39413&REC=18&CISOBOX=berge

Figure 7: c. 1932 Ivey and Ayer site plan for the New Seattle Children's Home orphanage.

The McGraw Cottage can faintly be seen in the lower left portion of the plan. Building dates from 1932.


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Figure 10: 1967 Plot Plan showing the demolition and partial preservation of the

seattle childrens home

Documents

city of seattle

s seattle wa

sw holden street seattle

west mcgraw street

building exterior

building interior

original owner

present owner