searching for quantum gravity with amanda-ii and icecube john kelley icecube collaboration...
DESCRIPTION
AMANDA-II skiway South Pole Station Geographic South Pole Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research StationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube
John KelleyIceCube Collaboration
University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
October 27, 2008KICP “Impact” Workshop,
Chicago
![Page 2: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AMANDA-II
optical module
• The AMANDA-II neutrino telescope is buried in deep, clear ice, 1500m under the geographic South Pole
• 677 optical modules: photomultiplier tubes in glass pressure housings (~540 used in analysis)
• Muon direction can be reconstructed to within 2-3º
![Page 3: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AMANDA-II
skiway
South Pole Station
GeographicSouth Pole
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Station
![Page 4: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Current Experimental Status
2000-2006 neutrino skymap, courtesy of J. Braun(publication in preparation; see his talk)
Opportunity for particle physics with high-energy atmospheric
• No detection (yet) of– point sources or other anisotropies– diffuse astrophysical flux– transients (e.g. GRBs, AGN flares, SN)
• Astrophysically interesting limits set
• Large sample of atmospheric neutrinos – AMANDA-II: >5K events, 0.1-10 TeV
![Page 5: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
New Physics with Neutrinos?
• Neutrinos are already post-Standard Model (massive)
• For E > 100 GeV and m < 1 eV, Lorentz > 1011
• Oscillations are a sensitive quantum-mechanical interferometer — small shifts in energy can lead to large changes in flavor content
Eidelman et al.: “It would be surprising if further surprises were not in store…”
![Page 6: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
New Physics Effects• Violation of Lorentz invariance
(VLI) in string theory or loop quantum gravity*
• Violations of the equivalence principle (different gravitational coupling)†
• Interaction of particles with space-time foam quantum decoherence of flavor states‡
* see e.g. Carroll et al., PRL 87 14 (2001), Colladay and Kostelecký, PRD 58 116002 (1998)† see e.g. Gasperini, PRD 39 3606 (1989)
‡ see e.g. Anchordoqui et al., hep-ph/0506168
c - 1
c - 2
![Page 7: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VLI Atmospheric Survival Probability
maximal mixing, c/c = 10-27
VLI oscillations fromvelocity eigenstates
![Page 8: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
QD Atmospheric Survival Probability
p=1/3
decoherence into superpositionof flavors
![Page 9: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results: Observables
Data consistent with atmospheric neutrinos + O(1%) backgroundConfidence intervals constructed with F+C plus systematics
zenith angle number of OMs hit
![Page 10: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results: Preliminary VLI limit
• SuperK+K2K limit*:
c/c < 1.9 10-27 (90%CL)
• This analysis:
c/c < 2.8 10-27 (90%CL)
90%, 95%, 99% allowed CL
excluded
*González-García & Maltoni, PRD 70 033010 (2004)
maximal mixing
![Page 11: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Results: Preliminary QD limit
• SuperK limit‡ (2-flavor):
i < 0.9 10-27 GeV-1 (90% CL)
• ANTARES sensitivity* (2-flavor):
i ~ 10-30 GeV-1 (3 years, 90% CL)
• This analysis: i < 1.3 10-31 GeV-1 (90% CL)
* Morgan et al., astro-ph/0412618‡ Lisi, Marrone, and Montanino, PRL 85 6 (2000)
E2 model
best fit
excluded
log10 *6,7 / GeV-1
log 1
0 * 3,
8 / G
eV-1
![Page 12: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AMANDA-II
IceCube
skiway
South Pole Station
GeographicSouth Pole
Update on IceCube
![Page 13: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Installation Status & Plans
AMANDA
IceCube string deployed 12/05 – 01/06
IceCube string deployed 01/05
IceCube string and IceTop station deployed 12/06 – 01/07
21
3029
40
50
3938
49
59
4647 48
5857
6667
74
65
73
78
56
72
IceCube Lab commissioned
40 strings taking physics data Planning for at least 16 strings in
2008/09
IceCube string deployed 12/07 – 01/08
2500m deep hole!
![Page 14: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IceCube VLI Sensitivity
• IceCube: sensitivity of c/c ~ 10-28
Up to 700K atmospheric in 10 years(González-García, Halzen, and Maltoni, hep-ph/0502223)
IceCube 10 year
![Page 15: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other Possibilities• Extraterrestrial neutrino sources would
provide even more powerful probes of QG– GRB neutrino time delay
(see, e.g. Amelino-Camelia, gr-qc/0305057)
– Electron antineutrino decoherence from, say, Cygnus OB2 (see Anchordoqui et al., hep-ph/0506168)
• Hybrid techniques (radio, acoustic) will extend energy reach
![Page 16: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
USA: Bartol Research Institute, Delaware Pennsylvania State University UC Berkeley UC Irvine Clark-Atlanta UniversityUniversity of AlabamaOhio State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology University of MarylandUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-River Falls Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. University of Kansas Southern University and A&M
College, Baton RougeUniversity of Alaska, Anchorage
Sweden: Uppsala Universitet Stockholm Universitet
UK:Oxford University
Belgium: Université Libre de
Bruxelles Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Gent Université de Mons-
Hainaut
Germany: Universität Mainz DESY-Zeuthen Universität Dortmund Universität Wuppertal Humboldt Universität MPI Heidelberg RWTH Aachen
Japan: Chiba University
New Zealand: University of
Canterbury
THE ICECUBE COLLABORATION
Netherlands: Utrecht University
Switzerland: EPFL
Thank you!
![Page 17: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Backup Slides
![Page 18: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Array of optical modules on cables (“strings” or “lines”)
• High energy muon (~TeV) from charged current interaction
• Good angular reconstruction from timing (O(1º))
• Rough energy estimate from muon energy loss
• OR, look for cascades (e, , NC )
Can have angular or energy resolution, but not both!
![Page 19: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Violation of Lorentz Invariance (VLI)
• Lorentz and/or CPT violation is appealing as a (relatively) low-energy probe of QG
• Effective field-theoretic approach by Kostelecký et al. (SME: hep-ph/9809521, hep-ph/0403088)
Addition of renormalizable VLI and CPTV+VLI terms;encompasses a number of interesting specific scenarios
![Page 20: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Rotationally Invariant VLI
• Only cAB00 ≠ 0; equivalent to modified dispersion relation*:
• Different maximum attainable velocities ca (MAVs) for different particles: E ~ (c/c)E
• For neutrinos: MAV eigenstates not necessarily flavor or mass eigenstates mixing VLI oscillations
* see Glashow and Coleman, PRD 59 116008 (1999)
![Page 21: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VLI Phenomenology
• Effective Hamiltonian (seesaw + leading order VLI+CPTV):
• To narrow possibilities we consider:– rotationally invariant terms (only time component)– only cAB
00 ≠ 0 (leads to interesting energy dependence…)
![Page 22: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
VLI + Atmospheric Oscillations
• For atmospheric , conventional oscillations turn off above ~50 GeV (L/E dependence)
• VLI oscillations turn on at high energy (L E dependence), depending on size of c/c, and distort the zenith angle / energy spectrum (other parameters: mixing angle , phase )
González-García, Halzen, and Maltoni, hep-ph/0502223
![Page 23: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Decoherence + Atmospheric Oscillations
Energy dependence depends on phenomenology:n = -1
preserves Lorentz invariance
n = 0simplest
n = 2recoiling D-branes*
n = 3Planck-suppressed
operators‡
*Ellis et al., hep-th/9704169‡ Anchordoqui et al., hep-ph/0506168
characteristic exponential behavior
1:1:1 ratio after decoherence
derived from Barenboim, Mavromatos et al. (hep-ph/0603028)
![Page 24: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conventional Analysis
• Parameters of interest: normalization, spectral slope change relative to Barr et al.
• Result: determine atmospheric muon neutrino flux (“forward-folding” approach)90%, 95%, 99% allowed
best fit
best fit
![Page 25: Searching for Quantum Gravity with AMANDA-II and IceCube John Kelley IceCube Collaboration University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. October 27, 2008 KICP](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5a4d1ace7f8b9ab0599706ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Result Spectrum
Blue band: SuperK data, González-García, Maltoni, & Rojo, JHEP 0610 (2006) 075