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Volume 7, Number 2, March - acoreanajr.comwww.acoreanajr.com/index.php/archive?layout=edit&id=98Municipal waste cycle management a case study: Robat Karim County .... I.N. Budiartha R.M. Risks managementon building projects in BaliItems where Author is "Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM., MSc, I NYOMAN ...erepo.unud.ac.id/.../Dr=2E_Ir=2E__Nyoman_Budiart...Translate this pageJul 19, 2016 - Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM., MSc, I NYOMAN BUDIARTHA RM. (2015) Risks Management onBuilding Projects in Bali. International Journal ...Risks Management on Building Projects in Bali - UNUD | Universitas ...https://www.unud.ac.id/.../jurnal201605290022382.ht...Translate this pageMay 29, 2016 - Risks Management on Building Projects in Bali. Abstrak. Oleh : Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM.,MSc. Email : [email protected]. Kata kunci ...[PDF]Risk Management Practices in a Construction Project - ResearchGatehttps://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id...ResearchGate5.1 How are risks and risk management perceived in a construction project? 50 ... Risk management (RM) is aconcept which is used in all industries, from IT ..... structure is easy to build and what effect will it have on schedule,budget or safety.Missing: budiarta bali[PDF]Risk management in small construction projects - Purehttps://pure.ltu.se/.../LTU_LIC_0657_SE...Luleå University of Technologyby K Simu - Cited by 24 - Related articlesThe research school Competitive Building has also been invaluable for my work .... and obstacles for riskmanagement in small projects are also focused upon.Missing: budiarta bali[PDF]RISK IMPACT ANALYSIS ON THE INVESTMENT OF DRINKING ...www.ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/1764/456by A Hidayatno - Related articlesdrinking water supply system construction project in South Bali. ... project risk management method with the valueat risk to calculate the impact of risks ... private sector in managing, regulating, and financing the water supply in theform of Build.Missing: budiarta rmJurnal Spektran | Directory of Open Access Journalshttps://doaj.org/toc/2302-2590Directory of Open Access JournalsSep 15, 2015 - ... PEMELIHARAAN FASILITAS PADA BANDAR UDARA NGURAH RAI BALI ...... I MadeSuska V, N. Budiartha R. M., Gd. Astawa DiputraAlternatif Kerjasama Pemerintah Dan Swasta - Documentsdocuments.mx › DocumentsTranslate this pageJul 23, 2015 - Wisma Wisata Werdhapura Sanur – Bali, 2 – 3 Juni 2010 ISBN: ... PEMILIHAN DESTINASI:STUDI KASUS PULAU BALI Budiartha R.M, Manfaat, D., .... JENIS BANGUNAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN(GREEN BUILDING) Suwandy, N., ...... A life-cycle risk management framework for PPP infrastructure projects, ...[PDF]5. SKT NonKonstruksi 2013.xlsx

migas.esdm.go.id/public/images/uploads/.../5-skt-nonkonstruksi-2013.pdfFeb 1, 2013 - Penyedia tenaga kerja: juru las, risk base, pesawat ... 13-Feb-13. 107 PT Equipment ReliabilityManagement p. ...... Lapisan, Pressure Build Up Testing, Pressure ...... Gedung Price Center Lt. 10 RM 1008 - ......PT Budi Arta Sakti ...... Jasa Konsultan Project Manajement ...... Pass Ngurah Rai - Kuta - Bali.[PDF]daftar judul dan peneliti serta perguruan tinggi yang - Simlitabmassimlitabmas.dikti.go.id/fileUpload/pengumuman/printkelas.pdfBali-Nusa Tenggara Bagi Pencapaian MDGs. 10. 20 UNIVERSITAS ..... Management terhadap Tata Kelola danKinerja .... GENOTIPE HPV HIGH RISK PADA PASIEN ... Development of Environmental Friendly Building ......HYDROCHLORIDE (RM) DAN PROTEIN EKSTRAK .... Model Project Citizen Untuk Meningkatkan.

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Volume 7, Number, March – acoreanajr.comhttp://www.acoreanajr.com/index.php/archive?layout=edit&id=98PART A. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES1. Mansyur Radjab, Andi Lolo, Pawennari Hijjang, Suradi TahmirAnalysis of the transformation from the traditional fisherman being seaweed farmers in Pabiringa, JenepontoRegencyDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.1

2. Hamed Jelodar, Seyed Javad Mirabedini, Ali HaroonabadiProviding a smart method to identify advertising web sites to improve the quality of search engineDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.2

3. Narges Amini Moghadam, Kaveh Mohammad Cyrus, Arash Bakhsha, Jafar AbolfathiIntellectual capital measurement and its influence on company’s performanceDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.3

4. Iman DakhliVolumetric measurement accuracy of maxillary sinus prior to sinus lifting: a comparison of multislice computedtomography and OnDemand 3D softwareDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.4

5. José António FilipeNanotechnology and medicine improvementDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.5

6. Fereshteh Kharrazi QadimAnalyzing the pollutions of the constructing phase of the architecture and controlling them in the process ofsustainabilityDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.6

7. Aisha. M. Abd El-KawyTowards callus production, efficient shootlets regeneration and molecular characterization of Brassica napus L.DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.78. Mohsen Ranjbar, Touraj Soltani AslA study of the degree of residents’ preparedness for natural disasters (earthquake) Case study: EslamshahrDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.8

9. Parvaneh Ziviyar, Mohammad Mohagheghi, Turaj Soltani Asl, Behzad BarzegariMunicipal waste cycle management a case study: Robat Karim CountyDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.9

10. Nabil A. E.Azzaz, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Abdel-Raddy Mohamedin, Gamal F. FarahatBiochemical studies on phytoconstituents, secondary metabolities and protein characterization in Jatropha curcas L.DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.10

11. Zainuddin, Jonathan Salusu, Heri Tahir, Andi MakkulauDevelopment strategy for urban areas Mamminasata in South SulawesiDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.11

12. Hamed Jafar Zanjani, Fatemeh Delfani, Behnaz Jalali BourbanMultiple allocation hub median problem with considering direct connections between non-hub nodesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.12

13. Ilham Safarudin Maku, Rakhmat, Andi Makkulau, Asna AnetaPolicy implementation of fisheries production in the province of GorontaloDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.13

14. Hamed Rafiei, Masoud Rabbani, Jafar Razmi, Fariborz JolaiDeveloping a Benders’ decomposition algorithm for mixed bundle pricing problemDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.14

15. Shahram SattarifardCodification of principles and criteria for green city with an emphasis on Iran; case study: Tonekabon cityDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.15

16. Majid Pourghasem, Hossein GolparvarStructural analysis and optimization of layering and thickness of the carbon-forge composite propellerDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.16

17. Ehsan Khorsand Moadab, Mohsen Khorsand Moadab, Seyed Mohamad Bagher NakhjavaniEvaluating efficiency of stock brokerage companies in Tehran stock market by using (DEA) Data EnvelopmentAnalysisDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.17

18. Rahim Sarvar, Behzad Barzgari, Touraj Soltani AslStrategic analysis of city’s public transport system with a community-based approach - Islamshahr CityDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.18

19. Denial Zardooz, Saeid MorovvatiUsing the best haplotype value in the nuclei of breeding as a new marker for selectionDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.19

20. Mohsen Esmaeeli, Sobhan Sofimowloodi, Farhad Razaghian20-200 MHz low power delay locked loop based frequency synthesizerDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.20

21. Mahdi Ghaffari, Fatemeh Delfani, Behnaz Jalali BourbanProvide a new method to investigate projects with plurality of rate of return on investmentDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.21

22. Abdel I.F. Moneim, S.A. Moussa, Y.M. El-EdfawyEffect of rock phosphate along with elemental sulfur, organic manure and bio-fertilizer on quantitative andqualitative characters of canola (Brassia napus L.)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.22

23. Mohammad Reza Kabaranzad Ghadim, Hossein JavehtashStudying and ranking effective factors on implementation of lean production in Pars Khodro Company by usingfuzzy TOPSIS methodDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.23

24. Jamshid Esmaeeli, Masoud Farzam, Hadi Hamedi BaranlouStudy of interaction curves of concrete column by retrofitted by FRPDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.24

25. Shahram SattarifardConsidering the principles of the sustainable (Green) architecture with the emphasis on traditional patternsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.25

26. Jehad M. YousefThe ameliorating impact of Foeniculum vulgare against tissue damage induced by nickel chloride in ratsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.26

27. Brahmanto Anggoro Laksono, Alia DamayantiAnalysis of the suffiency of Angsana Trees (Pterocarpus indicus) in absorbing carbon monoxide (CO) due to motorvehicles activity on the Ahmad Yani Street SurabayaDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.27

28. Javad Jannatkhah, Gholam Hossein Shahgoli, Mohammad AskariEnergy resources, economic and environmental effects

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.2829. Burcin Olcucu, Serife VatanseverSome physical fitness parameter test results among 7-8 years old tennis playersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.29

30. Yasser Servati, Seyed Hassan Ghodsypour, Mansooreh SoleimaniQualitative advanced time-based impact analysis: a new cross-impact analysis method with time lag considerationsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.30

31. Abdelnaser Omran, Abdullahi Nafiu Zadawa, Auwalu Sani Shehu, Abdul Aziz HussingApplication of public private partnerships procurement option for sustainable development of water supply projectin Bauchi city metropolis, NigeriaDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.31

32. Akram Malekkhahi, Maryam Jadid Milani, Parastoo AmiriThe relationship between self-transcendence and mental health of hemodialysis patients participating in peer supportgroupsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.32

33. Majid Zargar, Hossein Ebrahimi, Hamidreza Golkar Hamzee Yazd, Mojtaba TavousiStudying the possibility of SRTM satellite images as an appropriate alternative for topographic maps at 1/25000scale (Case study: Dehbar River basin, Mashhad)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.33

34. Elfian Zulkarnain, Tjipto Suwandi, Arief WibowoIndicators of healthy practice in physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects in elderlyDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.34

35. Masume Jian Bagheri, Kiumars FarahbakhshEffectiveness of existential therapy on quality of life of women with premenstrual syndromeDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.35

36. Alireza Rahimi Chamkhani, Aboutaleb Panahinejad, Seyed Chamran Mousavi, Forough Gashtil,Esfandyar Kohzadi, Mohammad FathinejadAn analysis of ICT indices & digital divide from viewpoint of geographical and spatial justice: a case of Iran'sprovinces and its urban areasDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.3637. Arezoo Bahmanpour Khani Abadi, Jamshid SafdarianStudy the effect meritocracy on human stimulus-governmental organizations (Case study: Ahvaz JondishapourUniversity of Medical Sciences)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.37

38. Afshin Amoozadeh Lichaei, Mehrdad Amiirnejad Mojdehi, Abbas Tajaddodi Talab RashtiInternational design review with emphasis on technology architecture approach or special economic zone Anzali inthe Caspian Basin ArtsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.38

39. Mehdi Makvandi, Zeinab Khodabakhshi, Saadat Esfandiari Nejad, Mehrnoush Rostami Ghahvarokhi,Meysam KhodabakhshiThe shading of 33 awnings effects existing in climate of Dezful and legitimacy due to climatic reliabilitiesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.39

40. Begdeli Fariba, Tabibi Sayed Jamaledin, Nasiripour Amir Ashkan, Ghaffari FarhadComparative study of hospital governance in selected countries and Iran social security organizationDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.40

41. Nahid Khademi, Laleh MozafariA comparison of food habits of overweight and non-overweight students of Kermanshah schools in the fall of 2014DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.41

42. Sara Jourkesh, Saadat Allah SalehiThe relationship between information technology and knowledge management at organizations of youth affairs andsports in Isfahan provinceDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.42

43. Marsa Azar, Seyed Ali siadat, Ferdos Montazeralzohour, Leila HosseiniAnalyzing the factors influencing organizational silence and its impact on employee commitment (Case study:Isfahan University of Medical Sciences)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.43

44. Masoud Rezazadeh Mohammadi, Mohsen Fathi JegarkandiAn optimal roll controller for reducing couplings of a tactical missileDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.44

45. Fatemeh Kahaki, Hossein Jenaabadi, Ahmad MirgolA comparative study of psychological reactions of anxiety, stress and depression and life satisfaction of fertile andinfertile women in ZahedanDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.45

46. Haideh HassanzadehIdentifying of the existing facies and architectural elements in Molab watershed basinDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.46

47. Amir NaeijiImprovement of measurement accuracy and reduction of energy losses by a new current measurement method inpower electronic convertersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.47

48. Marzieh Zendehdel, Laily Hj Paim, Narges DelafroozUnderstanding user intention toward 4G mobile service adoption: Diffusion of innovation theoryDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.48

49. Ali Mohammadi, Fariborz ParandinInvestigating the effects of DG on the distribution networkDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.49

50. M.M. Karkhanehchi, F. Parandin, N. MahtabiThe effect of changes in physical parameters of photonic crystals with hexagonal lattice on the frequency band gapDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.50PART A / 2nd. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES

51. M. Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, D.K. Davydov, A.V. Fofonov, P. Nedelec, J.D. ParisThe distribution of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ozone in clouds and the implications for the global

balance of these gasesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.51

52. Munir Ahmad Abu-Helalah, Hussam Ahmad Alshraideh, Ahmad Ali Al-Abdouh, Tariq Asem Dalbah,Yousef Rashad Badran, Odai Faisal Masarweh, Mohammad Ibrahim Hirzallah, Jameel Khaleel HijazeenResearch participation among medical students in Jordan: Rates, attitudes, and barriersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.52

53. Saeed Sabbagh Kalat, Mohammad Mahallati RayeniProposing a cost-oriented model for assembly line balancing problem with resources constraint with geneticalgorithmDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.53

54. Aliev Telman Abbas, Nusratov Ogtay Gudrat, Isgenderov Dashqin Alam, Guluyev Gambar Agaverdi,Rzayev Asif Haji, Pashayev Fahrad Haydar, Rezvan Mahammad HuseynAlgorithms of identification of force signals on the polished rod of sucker-rod pumping unitsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.54

55. Porandokht Afshari, Mojgan Javadnoori, Seyed Zahra Pazhohideh, Solmaz Mohamadi Shosi Koshte,Hamed TabeshStudying the educational needs of adolescent girls in Dezful about sexual healthDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.55

56. Ayca Araz UstaomerogluThe use of effective methods for sustainable design in cluster housings - example of Trabzon/TurkeyDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.56

57. Sara Shangereevna Sadykova, Kaldybay Kanaevich Arynov, Ualikhan Kazhyakbarovich Kusebaev,Zhanna Markovna Sadykova, Assiya Ruslanovna Nurdubayeva, Almagul Almaganbetovna Toishiyeva,Aray Boshanqyzy ZhanysRetrospective analysis of construction and islamic religious buildingsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.57

58. Mojtaba Tangaki, Alireza Fereidunian, Hamid LesaniReducing power factor corrective capacitors effect on distribution networks harmonicsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.58

59. Tri Niswati Utami, Tri Martiana, Suhartono Taat PutraDifferences of work stress between nurses as members of an informal group and those of non members in hospitalsat MedanDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.59

60. T.M. Elshiekh, H.A. ElmawgoudEstimation of economic thickness of thermal insulation for process piping and equipmentDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.60

61. Tahani S. Gendya, Taher M. El-Shiekha, Amal S. Zakharya, Salwa A. Ghoneima, Ahmed K. Aboul-GheitModeling and optimization of fuel rich and fuel lean catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseousdiffusion flames over noble disc burnersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.61

62. I.N. Budiartha R.MRisks management on building projects in BaliDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.62

63. E.J. Bekmukhambetov, A.A. Mamyrbaev, T.A. Dzharkenov, Z.A. ImangazinaSensitizing and immunotoxic effect of the chromium and its compoundsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.6364. Jalal Arasi, Mohammad Hosein KazemiComparison of satellite attitude control using two different actuatorsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.64

65. Zhanat Kazkenovna UzdenbayevaTreatment of industrial wastes bentonitesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.65

66. Razieh Keshavarzi, Hasan Salehi FathabadiMulti-source-sinks network flow interdiction problemDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.66

67. Hossein Yahyaei, Elham Faridchehr, Nader GharibnavazEvaluating impacts of store environment, shopping enjoyment and optimum stimulation level on impulse-buyingbehavior & variety seeking behaviorDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.67

68. Zahra Goodarzi, Karim HamdiInvestigating the impact of brand value and brand trust on brand loyalty (With the moderating role of hedonic value)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.68

69. Arash Rouhani, Saeed AdjorlooA survey of the future of human resource in the Iranian State Organization for Tax Affairs a scenario approachDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.69

70. Mohsen Shayan, Sajjad Bazvand, Abbas Zaker, Mohammadkarim Ra'isiRelationships between agricultural development and rural development (Case study: Zarrin Dasht County)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.70

71. Mahmood Mohammadi, Farhad EbrahimiThe effect of organizational intelligence on social entrepreneurship (Case study: Manufacturing companies inTehran)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.71

72. Idil Aycam, Mine KinaliAnalysis of green roofs effect on heating and cooling loads of office buildings in different climatesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.72

73. Leila MafiZero-divisor graph of a ringDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.73

74. Morteza Besharati FoumaniExamination and prioritization of the dimensions influencing and influenced by the brand image using DEMATELmethod (Case study: Mellat Insurance Agencies in Isfahan)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.74

75. Nohegar Ahmad, Esmat Dehghani, Alireza KamaliSimulation of physical growth of Bandar Abbas city using cellular automata models and Markov chainDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.75

76. Amir Hossein Eliien, Hamid Reza AshrafiNumerical investigation of the effect of Arc Performance on the stability of the retaining structureDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.76

77. Tayebeh BagheliDiscussing relationship management and electronic CRM effect on innovation and commercial performance ofMellat Bank (Case study is Mellat Bank’s supervisory departments)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.77

78. Idil Aycam, Esra SariogluEnergy efficient double skin facadein different climatesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.7879. Nurkassymova Saule Nurkassymovna, Serik Meruert, Akanova Rosa Audaevna, Zhanys AraiBoshanqyzy

Experimental studies of rotary motion technology with itDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.79

80. Lila Maloomat, Parviz NovinStudy and comparison of different types of leave the civil service management law and labor lawDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.80

81. Babak Jamshidinavid, Vahid Farhangian, Amin Seidi, Siamak ArishA conceptual look at performance budget in IranDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.81

82. Amin Rahimi Kia, Parastoo Hajian FardRelationship between change management and performance management style 1 and 2 zones 1 and 2 secondaryschools in the city of KhorramabadDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.82

83. Ezatollah Abbasian, Mahdi Esmaili, Mahdi TayebiGame theories: approaches, advantage, guidelines and rulesDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.83

84. Hossein Asadi, Alireza ShahriariThe relationship between conservatism in accounting and corporate default risk in the area of healthy Altman model(Tehran Stock Exchange)DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.84

85. Mehrdad Madhoushi, Ramin Alizade Shani, Maryam GhaediNorth Iran steel selected company’s prioritization based on green supply chain criteria using fuzzy approachDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.85

86. Hamed Heravi, Afshin EbrahimiDesigning logging system and human gait feature extraction system by deep-colored images obtained from theKinect sensorDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.86

87. Jafar Esmaeeli, Ahmad Assadzadeh, Shahram GholinezhadInvestigating the security threats in e-banking gatewaysDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.87

88. Sakineh Ashrafi Fashi, Fatemeh Goodini, Hossein HafeziThe effectiveness of communication enrichment program training on families’ performance referring to counselingcentersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.88

89. Atena Malek MuhammadiEffectiveness of positive thinking skills’ training on clarity of marital relationship in mothers going to SalamatHealth HomeDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.89

90. Farzaneh Heidarpoor, Zahra Lashgari, Somayeh DehnaviThe impact of accrual components on stock trading costs with emphasis on information asymmetryDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.90

91. Kave Rostami, GolparMehrabi, Mehrdad Hajihasani, Moslem Zamanipour, Mansour TorkThe effect of motivational interview on reducing sexual activity during drug use in male drug usersDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.91

92. Ahmad ali Tajdin LirakDetermining the effectiveness of life skills training on reducing high-risk behaviors in men addicted prisonAligudarzDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-1/A.92

93. Fatemeh Taghiyar, Golpar Mehrabi, Kave Rostami, Jafar Eydan, Mansour TorkExamining the effectiveness of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on

psychological self-efficacy in dimensions of willingn to initiate a behavior in male high school studentsDOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.93

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442 | PART A. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES ISSN: 2075-4124

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. 7. No. 2. Iss.2. March, 2015

RISKS MANAGEMENT ON BUILDING PROJECTS IN BALI

I.N. Budiartha R.M

1Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University (INDONESIA)

[email protected]

DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.62

Received: 08 Jan, 2015 Accepted: 04 Mar, 2015

ABSTRACT

Bali has been well-known as a tourism place; therefore the development of infrastructures including building projects

in this area has also increased significantly. Constructing a building project particularly in the southern part of Bali, which is recognized as a heavy congested area of tourism activities, is likely to face difficulties and risks related to the access and the delivery of materials and equipment to the project location, as well as problems dealing with social, political and regulations. This paper aims to evaluate and assess risk factors that impact on the construction of building projects in Bali. A questionnaire survey was developed based on extensive literature review. The survey involved 20 participants that were selected based on purposive sampling method. It covered contractors, clients (project owners), and consultants those have experienced on constructing building projects located in this particular area. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistic to identify and calculate the likelihood and consequences of risks. Mitigation actions were formulated after classifying risk in terms of risk acceptability. The findings indicates that the identified risks covers three negligible risks, six acceptable risks, twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks. Risk mitigation should be taken to address the major risks (undesirable and unacceptable risks) that mainly rooted from four sources, i.e. Social, political and regulations; environment and nature; finance; and technical of the project.

Keywords: risk assessment, building projects, likelihood, consequences, major risks

1. INTRODUCTION The economic development in the southern part of Bali has grown-up rapidly, which is dominated by tourism

business. It can be seen by the increasing numbers of infrastructure and building projects such as hotels that particularly located in Badung regency. This situation indicates that construction business in this area is well-promised. Badung regency is known as a congested area thus it generates challenges when constructing a building in this location. For instance, heavy traffic jam can impact on the accessibility to the project location, difficulties to load materials and equipment, the noise and pollutant impact on the environment and other technical risks during the constructions period. Contractors should be able to manage these risks, so, they can achieve the project’s objectives, i.e.: to meet time, cost and quality as being planned. Practically, realizing these three objectives often becomes a critical issue.

There are many factors that influence the success of a project completion. Risks that particularly related to the construction of the project are one of the factors that should be identified in order to minimize the consequences that likely impact on the project completion. Therefore, identification of risks that likely occurred during the construction phase is an important early stage prior formulating strategies for managing them. This paper aims to identify and assess risk factors related to construction of building projects in Bali. The identification of risk factors was conducted based on an extensive literature review. Subsequently, the identified risks were examined through a questionnaire survey. It involved 20 participants (contractors, consultants, and clients) those experienced on constructing building projects in the area of Badung Regency (i.e.: Seminyak, Legian, Kuta, and Tuban). This paper begins with a review on risk identification in construction industry and risk assessment.

2. RISKS FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Construction industry has often faced the negative effects of change that lead to the failures of many projects to

achieve the deadline, cost and quality as being set. Risk occurs due to uncertainty that lead to the possibility of adverse events. However, Al-Shibly, et al [1] argue that if it was practiced in the correct way, risk can become a positive key factor for the company. Smith, et al [2] suggest that employing the principles of risk management will enable engineers to improve the management of this change effectively.

Risk management is defined as a set of methods and activities designed to minimize the disruptions rising during project delivery. It covers identification and specification of risks that likely occurs in the construction process, as well as risk assessment and a formulating strategy to address the negative consequences of the risk [3]. Identifying risks is the first essential step in risk management that must be conducted to result proper strategies for mitigating the negative impacts. Risk factors can be identified from their sources[2, 4]. The following table 1 depicts the risk factors that was identified based on previous studies and was summarized into five (5) sources, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; Finance; Technical of the Project; and safety.

mailto:[email protected]

| 443


Table 1. Risk Identification based on previous studies

No Sources of Risk Risk Factors References 1 Social, Political and

Regulations

Local regulations [3, 5] 2 Government regulations & regulation change due to government change [5-7] 3 Public opinion, Norms disturbance to the local society due to the construction of

project, protest from local people, legal environment. [7-9]

4 Unstable politic of the country [6, 7] 5 Long bureaucracy and corruption [9] 6 Environment & Nature The loss of green open space [8] 7 Environmental pollution (soil, noise, inconvinience,view obstruction) during

construction [7, 8]

8 Unforeseen ground condition, weather, earthquake, fire of explosion, archaeology discovery

[7]

9 Finance The increase of interest rate, bad market, inflation [4-7, 9] 10 The increase of material and delivery cost [8] 11 Late payment by the client [3, 10] 12 Technical of the project Design changes, incompleted specification, inapplicable design. [3, 5-7, 9] 13 Difficulties to supply and deliver man, materials and equipment to project location [3, 5-7, 9] 14 Failure to achieve quality due to unstandarized handling work and low quality

control [5, 7]

15 Organisation, communication and culture [7] 16 Working hours management and procurement strategies [7, 8] 17 Project team competencies [5, 7] 18 Limited parking area for project vehicles and materials loading, and difficulties to

access the project location [8]

19 Safety Labour sickness, tiredness [7] 20 Safety, theft, disruption during construction [5-7] 21 High rate of accident during construction due to less awareness to wear safety

equipment [4-6]

22 Destruction, riot, sabotage and terorism [4, 5, 7] 3. RISK ASSESSMENT The first step of risk assessment is by determining the degree of likelihood and consequence of each risk factor. It

can be represented by the frequency of mode in descriptive statistics. Multiplication between the mode score of likelihood and consequence will result the degree of risk or called as risk index (RI). The value of RI indicates the level of risk acceptability. Godfrey [7] provides a guidance for classifying risk acceptability level based on the value of RI, as depicted in Table 2. Accordingly, risk assessment can be formulated as [7]:

RI = P x I

where:

RI – the degree of risk (Risk Index) P – Probability (or likelihood) of occurrence of a risk. I – the consequence or perceived impact on a project

Table 2. Assessment of Risk Acceptability

ASSESSMENT OF RISK ACCEPTABILITY

CONSEQUENCE → LIKELIHOOD ↓

Catastropic (5)

Critical (4)

Serious (3)

Marginal (2)

Negligible (1)

Frequent (5) Unacceptable 25

Unacceptable 20 Unacceptable15 Undesirable

10 Acceptable

5

Probable (4) Unacceptable 20

Unacceptable 16

Undesirable 12

Undesirable 8

Acceptable 4

Occasional (3) Unacceptable 15

Undesirable 12

Undesirable 9

Acceptable 6

Acceptable 3

Remote (2) Undesirable 10

Undesirable 8

Acceptable 6

Acceptable 4

Neglegible 2

Improbable (1) Acceptable 5

Acceptable 4

Acceptable 3

Neglegible 2

Neglegible 1

Key: Description Guidance Unacceptable 15 ≤ x ≤ 25 (Intolerable, must be eliminated or transferred) Undesirable 8 ≤ x < 15 (To be avoided if reasonably practicable, detailed investigation and cost

benefit justification required, top level approval needed, monitoring essential) Acceptable 3 ≤ x < 8 (Risk can be accepted or managed) Neglegible 1 ≤ x < 3 (There is no further consideration required)

Source: Godfrey [7] As described in Table 2, one of the steps in risk assessment is to categorize the degree of risk into four main

group, i.e. unacceptable, undesirable, acceptable and negligible. Afterwards, actions for mitigating risks can be formulated



which is associated with the degree of risk. Norman and Flanagan[4] suggest four methods for risk mitigation that includes risk retention, risk reduction, risk transfer and risk avoidance. Based on the degree of risk categorised by Godfrey [7], acceptable and negligible risk are indicated as low risks, so, risk retention can be taken. Meanwhile, unacceptable and undesirable risks have higher degree of risk, therefore proper mitigation actions should be focused on these types of risk. Finally, risk ownership must be defined to specify the parties that responsible and control the risks[4].

4. METHODS The identified risk factors from the literature were used to develop a questionnaire that consists of 29 questions that

were derived from 5 (five) sources of risk. The questionnaire was distributed to 20 participants, involved contractors, consultants and clients those experience on constructing building projects in the area Badung Regency (i.e.: Seminyak, Legian, Kuta, and Tuban). The questionnaire used Likert scale format for measuring respondents’ opinion related to risk likelihood (probability) and risk consequence. The scale used for measuring risk likelihood is: 1(never), 2(rarely), 3(sometimes), 4(often), 5(very often); while, for measuring consequence is: 1(very low), 2(low); 3(moderate), 4(high), 5(very high). The retrieved data was tabulated based on its frequencies (mode). The mode score of likelihood and consequence was multiplied in order to define the degree of risk and to classify the level of risk acceptability. Then, formulation of risk mitigation was focussed on major risks (undesirable and unacceptable), which followed by specifying of risk ownership.

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The responses retrieved from 20 participants of the questionaire survey was tabulated. Reliability and validity test was conducted and confirmed that the instrument (questionaire) is reliable and valid. This was indicated by the values of Cronbach’s alpha that above 0.70 and the calculated ”r” that above 0.444 (r table)[11]. Subsequently, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (employed SPSS version 19) to determine the mode (frequency) of ”likelyhood” and ”consequences”. Risk index (RI) was obtained by multiplying them. The result is presented in

Table 3. This table also indicates risk acceptability that classified into: three negligible risks, six acceptable risks, twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks. Risk mitigation was focused on major risks that cover undesirable and unacceptable risks.

Table 3. Response to risk likelihood, risk consequences and risk acceptability

No Source

of Risk Risk Factors P

Mode I

Mode RI= PI

(Risk Index) Risk Acceptability

1

Soci

al, P

oliti

cal &

R

egul

atio

ns Social problems that arise from local regulations and

pressure from local society. 3 2 6 Acceptable

2 Public opinion that assume the construction of the project will destruct the local society norms. 3 3 9 Undesirable

3 Problems deal with obtaining authorization of the project construction from the government/ related institution. 4 4 16

Unacceptable

4

Envi

ronm

ent &

Nat

ure

The loss of some green open space due to the project. 3 3 9

Undesirable

5 Pollution to the environment due to the construction and operational of the project. 2 2 4

Acceptable

6 The increase of noise during the construction phase that causes disturbance to the local society. 4 4

16

Unacceptable

7 The decrease of cleanness and convenience in the surrounding of the project. 4 3 12

Undesirable

8 Disturbance to the local society due to unfitting block view. 3 3 9

Undesirable

9 Potential landslides if the project located in the hilly place and other unpredicted risk such as earthquake and fire. 4 4 16

Unacceptable

10

Fina

nce

The escalation of project cost due to the increase of interest rate if the project is financed by using bank loan. 2 3

6

Acceptable

11 The increase of project cost due to the need to build a new access from the main road to carry out materials to the project location.

5 4 20 Unacceptable

12 The decrease of contractor’s profit due to delays and difficulties as the project is located in a high density area of tourism activities.

5 4

20 Unacceptable

13

Tech

nica

l of P

roje

ct

Delay on project execution due to the design is unfitting with the real condition of the project location. 3 2

6

Acceptable

14 The disruption on project construction due to inaccurate the project scope definitions. 4 3 12

Undesirable

15 The disruption on project construction due to ineffective strategy for delivering materials and equipment. 3 3

9

Undesirable

16 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to the unstandarised work handling. 2 4 8

Undesirable

17 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to low control on work quality. 2 4 8 Undesirable

18 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper structure of project organisation, in particular that deal with 2 4 8

Undesirable

| 445


No Source of Risk

Risk Factors P Mode

I Mode

RI= PI (Risk Index)

Risk Acceptability

the competencies / expertise of the project team.

19 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper work methods for each item of work, includes the management of resources-man, materials and equipment.

3 4 12 Undesirable

20 Disruption on project construction due to less competencies of the project team (consultant & contractor). 2 4

8

Undesirable

21 Unable to meet the quality technically as the material is unable to pass the test for its resistance as specified. 2 2

4

Acceptable

22 Limitted of land availability for project vehicles during the construction. 4 4 16

Unacceptable

23 Limmited of land for materials loading. 4 3 12

Undesirable

24 Difficulties to access the project location. 4 4 16

Unacceptable

25 Disruption on working schedule due to the construction working hours that need to be adjusted with the activities period of the local environment (local society, activities of the nearby hotels).

4 4 16

Unacceptable

26

Safe

ty

The increase of the sick workers during the project construction due to tiredness. 2 2 4

Acceptable

27 Threats from safety, destruction and stealing in the project location. 1 1

1 Negligible

28 High rate of accident due to less awareness to wear safety equipment during the construction. 1 1

1 Negligible

29 Terorism and chaos that threats during the project construction. 1 1

1 Negligible

In order to simplify the formulation of strategies for mitigating risks, the following These actions were formulated

based on interviews and brainstorming with the same respondents. The major risks include twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks, are embedded from three main sources of risk, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project.

Table 4 depicts the actions that should be taken by the related parties (determined by risk ownership). These actions were formulated based on interviews and brainstorming with the same respondents. The major risks include twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks, are embedded from three main sources of risk, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project.

Table 4. Mitigation action for the identified Major Risks

No Source

of Risk Risk Factors Acceptability of

Risk Mitigation Actions Risk Ownerships

1

Polit

ical

& R

egul

atio

ns

Public opinion that assume the construction of the project will

destruct the local society norms.

Undesirable Provide information and approach to the public to convince them that the project will not desruct the norms of the local society Do not change / remove the existing public acces near the project location, such as the access to the beach for religious ceremonies.

Project Owner Society

2 Problems deal with obtaining authorization of the project

construction from the government/ related institution.

Unacceptable Fulfilling the government regulations and policies, e.g. related to the river banks, building design and others. Having discussions and coordination with the related institution to avoid misinformation.

Contractor Project Owner Goverment

3

Envi

ronm

ent &

Nat

ure

The loss of some green open space due to the t project.

Undesirable Maximizing planting of trees on the remaining land

Project Owner

4 The increase of noise during the construction phase that causes disturbance to the local society.

Unacceptable Design a method that can reduce noise, e.g. prefabricating of project component be pursued outside the project location. Coordination with all stakeholders in order to determine proper time that can tolerate the noise.

Project Owner Contractor

5 The decrease of cleanness and convenience in the surrounding

of the project.

Undesirable Provide guidance to contractors as well as perform regular inspections to maintain cleanliness during construction phase. Remove project trash and debris periodically so it does not pile up and dirty.




No Source of Risk

Risk Factors Acceptability of Risk

Mitigation Actions Risk Ownerships

6 Disturbance to the local society due to unfitting block view.

Undesirable Make a strict isolation block to limit the project area.

Contractor

7 Potential landslides if the project

located in the hilly place and other unpredicted risk such as

earthquake and fire.

Unacceptable Create the design that suitable for the real condition of the location, involving professional and experienced team.

Project Owner Contractor Consultant Society Government

8

Fina

nce

The increase of project cost due to the need to build a new

access from the main road to carry out materials to the project

location.

Unacceptable Conduct a feasibility study to analyse the project investment.

Project Owner

9 The decrease of contractor’s profit due to delays and

difficulties as the project is located in a high congested area

of tourism activities.

Unacceptable

Contractor must carefully assess the bid price related to the cost of changes that caused by other party(s). Contractors must ensure that the contract covers clauses of compensation cost due to changes and delays caused by other party(s).

Contractor

10

Tech

nica

l of t

he p

roje

ct

Disruption on project construction due to inaccurate the project scope definitions

Undesirable Carefully list the project scope and determine work descriptions which refer to the contract.

Project Owner Contractor Consultant

11 Disruption on project construction due to ineffective

strategy for delivering materials and equipment.

Undesirable

Evaluate the time schedule and associate it with the schedule for supplying material and equipment.

Contractor

12 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to the

unstandarised work handling.

Undesirable Create and implement standard procedures of work handling. Build a quality control team Provide documentation, report, photos, etc.

Contractor

13 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to low control on

work quality.

Undesirable

14 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper

structure of the project organisation, (e.g.: incompetent

project team)

Undesirable

Create an effective structure of project organisation that assign the right people on the right position, associated with their skill and experience. Make a clear line of command and job description, so everyone will be aware of their responsibility and position.

Contractor

15 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper work methods for each item of work,

includes the management of resources – man, materials and

equipment.

Undesirable Create the detail of work method for all items of works (e.g.: process, procedures, technical work handling, technical planning for material, equipment and labour).

Contractor

16 The disruption on project construction due to less

competencies of the project team (consultant & contractor).

Undesirable Select a reputable and profesional consultant and contractor

Contractor Consultant

17 Limitted of parking area for project vehicles during the

construction.

Unacceptable Provide additional temporary parking area near the location of the project


18 Limmited of land for materials loading.

Undesirable Create an efficient logistic planning to avoid excess storage Increase prefabrication and assemblying outside the project location. Provide temporary area for loading materials

19 Difficulties to access the project location.

Unacceptable Adjust the suitable time and use the proper type of vehicles that are allowed to enter to the project location.

Contractor

20 Disruption on working schedule due to the construction working hours that need to be adjusted with the activities period of the

local environment (local society, activities of the nearby hotels).

Unacceptable Contractors need to consider and estimate the cost that likely occur due to this disruption. Create a written commitment related to the permitted working hours.

Contractor

| 447


6. CONCLUSION The related parties (contractors, consultants and project owners) those will be involved in constructing a building

project located in a congested area as like as in the south of Bali, should consider these risk factors. The suggested actions need to be taken by the risk owner for mitigating the adverse impacts on project completion, which particularly embedded from four sources, i.e.: Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project.

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