sea ice overview - crrc · university of alaska fairbanks [email protected] winter and...

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Sea Ice Overview Chris Petrich Geophysical Institute Seasonal cycle: University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving) or no ice Seasonal cycle: Pack ice movement : Beaufort Gyre vs. Chukchi Sea Landfast ice in Beaufort Sea vs. Chukchi Sea: Differences in Extent and Timing Contact points between oil and ice NRDA in Arctic Waters, 20 Apr 2010

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Page 1: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Sea Ice OverviewChris PetrichGeophysical Institute

Seasonal cycle:

University of Alaska [email protected]

Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving)Summer and fall: pack ice (moving) or no ice

Seasonal cycle:

Pack ice movement : Beaufort Gyre vs. Chukchi Sea

Landfast ice in Beaufort Sea vs. Chukchi Sea: Differences in Extent and Timing

Contact points between oil and iceNRDA in Arctic Waters, 20 Apr 2010

Page 2: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Age of Sea Ice in the Arctic

pack ice is getting younger(thinner)

UNEP, Global Outlook for Ice and Snow (2007),based on State of the Arctic Report (2006)

Page 3: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Seasonal Sea Ice Cycle

“winter” “summer”

Page 4: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Offshore leases & the sea ice environmentthe sea‐ice environment

in pack ice

in landfast ice

Landfast ice extent (May)

Lead/polynya occurrence probabilityprobability >0.2 in May

Data & reports:pmms.gina.alaska.edu

Page 5: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Landfast Ice

Bottomfast ice

Floatinglandfast ice

GroundedLandfast ice extensions

Pack ice

ridges

(Mahoney)m

, Barrow

Page 6: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Landfast Ice EdgeGroundedPressure Ridge

Open Water and

Landfast IceExtension

Pack Ice

Extension

Chris PetrichChukchi Sea

Barrow, Jan 2009

Page 7: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Landfast Ice Edge

Bill HBill Hess

Page 8: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Beaufort SeaChukchi Sea

Beaufort Seapack ice

pack ice landfast icef

lead

AVHRR, 23 March 2005

Page 9: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Beaufort SeaBeaufort Gyre

Chukchi SeaBeaufort Seapack ice

pack ice landfast icef

lead

AVHRR, 23 March 2005

Page 10: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Beaufort SeaChukchi Sea

Beaufort Seapack ice

pack ice landfast icef

lead

AVHRR, 23 March 2005

Page 11: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Lead Occurrence Patterns (1993‐2004)

March

Landfast ice zone widerwider 

in Beaufort Seathan

300 milesthan 

in Chukchi Sea(Mahoney et al., 2007)

Page 12: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Landfast Ice in Chukchi vs. Beaufort: Different Timing

(Mahoney et al., 2007)( y , )

Page 13: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Landfast Ice in Chukchi vs. Beaufort: Different Timing

“LandfastIce‐Free”

(Mahoney et al., 2007)( y , )

Page 14: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

An Anecdote of 2006August Septemberg

Page 15: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

S 5 2006

Coastal pack ice all summer: 2006Sept 5, 2006

sea iceoffshoreoffshoreleases

Barrow PrudhoeBay

Courtesy: MODIS Rapid Response TeamAERONET_Barrow.2006248.terra.1km.jpg

Bay

Page 16: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Points of interaction between oil and ice

AMAP Assessment Report 1998

Page 17: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Oil in ice‐covered waters

Page 18: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Example of oil encapsulation

NORCOR, 1975

Page 19: Sea Ice Overview - CRRC · University of Alaska Fairbanks chris.petrich@gi.alaska.edu Winter and spring: landfast ice (immobile) and pack ice (moving) Summer and fall: pack ice (moving)

Arctic Ocean Diversity (ArcOD)

seaice

microalgae

C. Krembs