1intro

SDHSDHTechnologyTechnology

2intro

Definition of SDH

SDH SDH STANDS FOR:STANDS FOR:

SSynchronous ynchronous DDigital igital HHierarchyierarchy

An international standard for high-speed optical/electrical telecommunications networks

A synchronous digital transport system with a built-in management channel for remote management of complex topologies

SDH Basics

3intro

Synchronous Multiplexer Interfaces

SDH Basics

STM-1 (155 Mbit/s)STM-4 (622 Mbit/s)STM-16 (2.4 Gbit/s)STM-64 (10 Gbit/s)

Aggregates

Tributaries

1.5 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s6 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s45 Mbit/s

140 Mbit/sSTM-1 Elect.

STM-1 OpticalSTM-4 Optical

LAN / MANFDDI

ISDN / BISDNATM

Video

4intro

SDH Equipment

SDH Basics

STM-NE1-E4

STM-M

TERMINALMULTIPLEXER

TM

REG

STM-N STM-N

REGENERATOR

E1-E4

STM-M

ADM

ADD-AND-DROP MULTIPLEXER

STM-NSTM-N

ADD-AND-DROP MULTIPLEXER WITH LOCAL CROSS-CONNECT CAPABILITY

E1-E4

STM-N STM-N

STM-M

LXC

SYNCHRONOUS DIGITALCROSS-CONNECT

E1-E4

STM-N STM-N

STM-N STM-M

SDXC

5intro

Network Topologies

SDH Basics

MESH

STAR (HUB)

RINGCHAIN

POINT-TO-POINT

ADM / DXC

TM

6intro

SDH Basics

Protection Schemes

Section Protection Path Protection

7intro

Network Management

Site 2

Site 3

Site 4SDH

Multiplexer Network

Management StationSite 1

Ethernet

Gateway

SDH Basics

8intro

Management Functions

Alarm/Event Management

Configuration Management

Performance Management

Access and Security Management

SDH Basics

9intro

SDH Basics

Asynchronous Transport System

Fiber Highway

SDH Transport System

STM-N

Video 34 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

...2 Mbit/s

10intro

SDH Network Segments

SDH Basics

SDH Terminal

Multiplexer

SDH Terminal

Multiplexer

SDHAdd & DropMultiplexer

SDH Regenerator

Tri

bu

tari

es

Tri

bu

tari

es

SDH Regenerator

VC Assembly

VC Disassembly

Path

Multiplexer Section

Multiplexer Section

Regenerator Section

Regenerator Section

Regenerator Section

11intro

Multiplexing Structure

SDH Basics

C-4

C-3

C-2

C-12

C-11VC-11

VC-12

VC-2

VC-3

VC-3

TU-11

TU-12

TU-2TUG-2

AU-3

TU-3TUG-3

VC-4AU-4AUGSTM-N

139.264 Mbit/s

44.736 Mbit/s34.368 Mbit/s

6.312 Mbit/s

2.048 Mbit/s

1.544 Mbit/s

xN x1

x3

x3 x1

x7

x7

x4

x3

x1

C ContainerVC Virtual ContainerTU Tributary UnitTUG Tributary Unit GroupAU Administrative UnitAUG Administrative Unit Group

12intro

Signal Structure

SDH Basics

FFF N x M bytes

M Columns

N Rows

F

BB

B

B B

B

N x M bytes

1

2 Order of transmission

F

13intro

STM-1 Frame Structure

SDH Basics

9 rows x 270 columns x 8 bits / byte x 8000 frames / sec. = 155.52 Mbit/s

AU Pointer

RegeneratorSection

Overhead (RSOH)

MultiplexerSection

Overhead (MSOH)

Payload

270 Columns (Bytes)

2619

1

3

4

5

9

14intro

STM-1 Virtual Container (VC-4)

SDH Basics

FFF

260 Columns

9 Rows

FSerialSignalStream155.52 Mbit/s

SectionOverhead

Payload Capacity = 149.76 Mbit/sDesigned for 140 Mbit/s transport

Pa

th O

ve

rhe

ad

9 Bytes x1 Column

15intro

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

SDH Basics

FFF

9 Rows

FSerialSignalStream155.52 Mbit/s

SectionOverhead

260 Columns

Pa

th O

ve

rhe

ad

TributaryUnit Frame

STM-1ContainerCapacity

16intro

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

SDH Basics

FFF

9 Rows

FSerialSignalStream155.52 Mbit/s

SectionOverhead

260 Columns

Pa

th O

ve

rhe

ad TU Pointer

VC PathOverhead

Low-RateTributarySignal

Container

VirtualContainer

17intro

Different Sizes of Tributary Unit Frames

86 columns12 columns4 columns3 columns

9 r

ow

s

TU-11 TU-12 TU-2 TU-3

1.728 Mb/sOptimised fora N. American

DS1 (1.544 Mb/s) signal

2.304 Mb/sOptimised fora European

2 Mb/s signal

6.912 Mb/sOptimised fora N. American

DS2 (6.312 Mb/s) signal

49.54 Mb/sOptimised for a N. American DS3 (44.736 Mb/s) signal, but will also

carry a European 34.368 Mb/s signal

SDH Basics

18intro

TU-12 Numbering System

SDH Basics

TU-33

TU-2 2-4

TU-121-4-2

19intro

Byte-Interleaved Multiplexer STM-4

(4 x STM-1)

DENOTES 8-BIT BYTEAT STM-1 SIGNAL RATE

DENOTES 8-BIT BYTEAT STM-4 SIGNAL RATE

t

t

Synchronous Byte-Interleaved Multiplexing

SDH Basics

STM-1SIGNAL “A”

STM-1SIGNAL “B”

STM-1SIGNAL “C”

STM-1SIGNAL “D”

20intro

STM-1 “B”

STM-1 “A”

STM-1 “C”

STM-1 “D”

Byte-Interleaved Multiplexer

F F F

261 columnsVC-4

9 columnsSection

Overhead

9 R

ow

s

125 usec.

622.08 Mb/s

Serial Signal Stream

9720 Bytes / Frame

1044 columns 4 Interleaved VC-4s

36 columnsInterleaved

Section Overhead

9 R

ow

s

STM-4 Frame Structure

SDH Basics

9720 Bytes / Frame x 8 Bits / Byte x 8000 Frames / Sec. = 622.08 Mbit/s

21intro

Define and build the SDH frame structure

Provide data transportation monitoring indicators

Provide alarm state indications

Enable maintenance activities

Provide routing functions (protection switching)

Overhead Functions

SDH Basics

22intro

MultiplexerSection

Overhead(MSOH)

RegeneratorSection

Overhead(RSOH)

Section Overhead (SOH)

A1Framing

A1Framing

A2Framing

A2Framing

J0Reg. Sec.

Trace

A1Framing

E1Order-wire

B1BIP-8

D3Datacom

D1Datacom

H3AU Pointer

K1MPS

K2RDI

D2Datacom

D4Datacom

D7Datacom

D8Datacom

D9Datacom

D6Datacom

D5Datacom

D11Datacom

D12Datacom

S1Synch.Quality

D10Datacom

Z1Growth

E2Order-wire

Z2Growth

M1REI

F1User

PathOverhead

(POH)

J1PathTrace

B3BIP-8

C2SignalLabel

G1Path

Status

F2User

H4Multi-frame

F3User

K3APS

N1TandemConn.

B2BIP-24

H1AU Pointer

H2AU Pointer

A2Framing

SDH Basics

23intro

STM-4 Section Overhead Byte Structure

Bytes reserved for national use

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 Z0 Z0

F1

D3

E1

D2

B1

D1

A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1

D4

D7

D10

S1

D5

D8

D11

M1

K2

D6

D9

D12

E2

36 columns

SDH Basics