scott dodelson user's meeting june 4, 2008 sloan digital sky survey courtesy: cosmus

Scott Dodelson User's MeetingJune 4, 2008

Sloan Digital Sky SurveyC

ou

rtesy

: C

osm

us

June 4, 2008 Scott Dodelson User's Meeting

Present and Future of Observational Cosmology


Beyond-the-Standard-Model Cosmology

Neutrino Mass Dark Matter Dark Energy Inflation

The foundation upon which these discoveries are based is often overlooked


Consider the United States in 1790

Over-densities of order 50Concentrated in East


Consider the United States Today

Over-densities of order 10,000

Concentration in coasts

Traces of primordial density (Boston-Washington; East > West)


The story of this evolution is the story of the United States

When we understand the evolution from one map to another, we can understand the sociological, economic, and political forces acting on the US the people, or the constituents, of the US


Less parochially …

When we understand cosmic evolution, we will understand the fundamental forces in the universe the constituents of the universe

Inhomogeneities of a few parts in a hundred thousand

Inhomogeneities spanning >30 orders of magnitude


We do understand (at least in broad strokes) cosmic evolution!

The universe started smooth and evolved to be clumpy because of gravitational instability


Sloan Digital Sky SurveySloan Digital Sky Survey

Collaboration: ~150 scientists from

Am. Museum Nat. HistoryAstrophysical Inst. PotsdamU. BaselCambridge U.Case Western ReserveU. ChicagoDrexel U.FermilabInstitute for Adv. StudiesJapanese Participation GrpJohns Hopkins U.JINAKavli Institute for Part. Astro.Korean Scientist GroupLAMOST (China)Los Alamos Nat. LabMax Planck Inst. Astron.Max Planck Inst. Astrophy.New Mexico State U.Ohio State U.U. PittsburghU. PortsmouthPrinceton U.US Naval Obs.U. Washington

2.5m telescope

5 filters

Spectroscopy


Many Recent Discoveries

Hundreds of Type Ia Supernovae

Milky Way Structure

8 O’clock Arc and other gravitational lenses


Large Scale Structure with SDSS

SDSS: Tegmark et al. 2007

“Main Sample”

Luminous Red Galaxies (LRG)


Decompose into eigenmodesReduces ~ 1 millions

data points to several thousand coefficients

Small scale structure (irrelevant for cosmology) hidden in higher modes


Variance of the coefficients encodes cosmological information

Yellow band is due to structure: size of yellow band is related to power spectrum

Poisson noise

Cosmic structure


Power Spectrum of Galaxies

Small scales (high k) entered the horizon when the universe was radiation dominated (growth suppressed)

Position of this plateau pins down epoch of matter domination amount of matter in the universe


Evidence for non-baryonic dark matter

Turnover scale measures Ωm

Structure of peaks and troughs


Cosmic Evolution Dark Energy Angular size of

peaks in CMB Flat

Peak in galaxy power spectrum Dark Energy

Independent of SN


SDSS PhD Theses 2006 : 12/15 remain in astrophysics

1. Ummi Abbas, University of Pittsburgh The environmental dependence of dark matter and galaxy clustering

Laboratoire D’Astrophysique de Marseille

2. Marcel Agueros, University of Washington Candidate Isolated Neutron Stars and Other Stellar X-ray Sources from the ROSAT All-Sky and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys

Columbia

3. Kevin Covey, University of Washington Dynamical Properties of Embedded Protostars and the Luminosity Function of the Galactic Disk

Harvard

4. Anna Gallazzi, MPA and University of Munich Modelling and Interpretation of Galaxy Spectra: the Stellar Populations of Nearby Galaxies.

MPIA

5. Stefan Kautsch, University of Basel The Nature of Flat Galaxies

University of Florida

6. Ben Koester, University of Michigan MaxBCG: Systematic Discovery, Characterization and Calibration of Galaxy Clusters from Large Optical Surveys

University of Chicago

7. Rachel Mandelbaum, Princeton University Weak gravitational lensing analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey data

Institute for Advanced Study

8. Morad Masjedi, New York University Massive Galaxy Merging and Cosmogony

NYU

9. Nikhil Padmanabhan, Princeton University Clustering properties of luminous red galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data

Hubble Fellow, LBL

10. Gauri Kulkarni, Carnegie Mellon UniversityThe three-point correlation function of Luminous Red Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Software Industry

11. Cheng Li, University of Science and Technology of China The formation of large scale structures and galaxies

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory

12. Alexey Makarov, Princeton UniversityCosmological constraints from Lya-alpha forest clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Goldman Sachs

13. James Pizagno, Ohio State University The Tully-Fisher Relation, Its Residuals, and a Comparison toTheoretical Predictions for a Broadly Selected Sample of Galaxies

Stony Brook

14. Ramin Skibba, University of Pittsburgh Marked statistics and the environmental dependence of galaxy formation

MPI

15. Masayuki Tanaka, University of Tokyo The Build-Up of the Colour-Magnitude Relation


SDSS Impact• The on-line database receives a million queries a month

• 1785 papers included SDSS in their abstract.

• Numerous articles in popular magazines

• Raw Data for Google Sky, Galaxy Zoo

• With WMAP 2003 Science breakthrough of the year

• One appearance on David Letterman


SDSS Impact

based on number of citations to published papers


SDSS Impact on FNAL

Largest Astrophysics Effort

Focus of much technical and scientific effort

Current vibrant program (e.g. success in competitive solicitations) built on SDSS

Project SolicitationDECam DOE DE07

Cosmological Computing FRA

Cosmological Computing DOE DE08

Cosmological Computing ANL LDRD

Brinson Fellowship Brinson Foundation

Astro Theory NASA/ATP

Follow-up 8 O’clock Arc NASA/HST

SNAP CCD’s DOE DE08

SNAP Calibration DOE DE08

CMBPol Theory NASA/Concept Study

What’s next?


SDSS covers only 10-4 of the available cosmic volume


Dark Energy Survey will probe much deeper than SDSS

SDSS

Bigger telescope, better CCD’s, photometric redshifts

DES


Dark Energy Survey Study Dark Energy using

4 complementary techniques:

I. Cluster Counts II. Weak Lensing III. Baryon Acoustic

Oscillations IV. Supernovae Two multi-band surveys: 5000 deg2 g, r, i, z 9 deg2 repeat (SNe) Operate 2011-16 (525

nights) Now has CD2, CD3a!

Blanco 4-meter at CTIO


Dark Energy Survey Ohio State University Argonne University of

Pennsylvania Brazil Consortium University of Michigan UK DES Collaboration Spain DES Collaboration NCSA NOAO LBL University of Chicago University of Illinois Fermilab

DECam

Build new 3 square degree camera and Data Management system


Dark Energy Survey Goals

Dark Energy Overlap with

South Pole Telescope, Vista Hemisphere Survey

Map volume 10x larger than SDSS!


JDEM Mission: TBD 2009

SNAP

Spectra of thousands of Supernovae Map the universe out to even higher redshift Weak lensing from Space

Kasliwal et al 2007


In principle could go further …

One possibility: 21cm surveys


What could we learn?

Measure Neutrino Mass (current upper limits ~0.5 eV)

Running of Primordial Perturbation Spectrum (models of inflation)

Test Gravity (Φ related to δ via Poisson Equation)

…

We don’t know what we are going to learn


Moral: Exploring Cosmic Structure Pays

SDSS has been a great success for FNAL and our collaborators

DES is the natural successor: at the very least it will pin down properties of dark energy at the few percent level and map out 10x as much volume

SNAP will go even further, producing distortion-free images of the high redshift universe

Our User Community is young, but growing. Join us!

scott dodelson user's meeting june 4, 2008 sloan digital sky survey courtesy: cosmus

Documents

eastscott dodelson users

overlookedscott dodelson

baselcambridge u

portsmouthprinceton

chicagodrexel u

new mexico state u

broad strokes cosmic

epoch of matter domination