scintillator-based hadron calorimetry for the ilc/sid international linear collider workshops...
Post on 18-Dec-2015
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Scintillator-basedScintillator-basedHadron CalorimetryHadron Calorimetry
for the ILC/SiDfor the ILC/SiD
International Linear Collider WorkshopsSnowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005
Dhiman Chakraborty
![Page 2: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
2
Why (not) scintillators?Why (not) scintillators?• Tested and true, well understood & optimized,
• New developments in cell fabrication & photo- detection help meet ILC/PFA demands – Fine segmentation at a reasonable cost
– Photodetection and digitization inside detector ⇒min. signal loss/distortion, superior hermeticity
• Can operate in both analog and digital modes– Measures energy, unlike RPC & GEM that only offer
hit-counting (“tracking” or “imaging” calorimetry)
– Remains a viable option if digital PFA fails to deliver.
![Page 3: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
3
Design Considerations: Design Considerations: PFAPFA
• Need ≲10 cm2 lateral segmentation.
• At least ~35 layers and ~4λ must fit in ~1 m along R.
– Min. Rin driven by tracker performance.
– Max. Rout limited by magnet and material costs.
– Min. absorber fraction limited by the need for shower containment.
• ⇒2 cm thick absorber layers if SS (less if W).
• ⇒0.6-0.8 cm sensitive layers must respond to MIPs with good efficiency and low noise.
(cont’d...)
![Page 4: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
4
Design Considerations: Design Considerations: PFAPFA
(…cont’d)
• Good lateral containment of showers is important for minimizing the confusion term.
• W absorber in ECal ⇒ e/ compensation is not built in ⇒ must be achieved in software ⇒ particle id (inside calorimeter by shower shape?) may be important.
![Page 5: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
5
Design Considerations: Design Considerations: OthersOthers
• The technology must be – Reliable,
– Mechanically sound,
– Operable inside strong (~4.5T) magnetic field,
– Capable of 15+ years of running,
– Tolerant to ~5 fluctuations in T, P, humidity, purity of gas (if any). Monitoring will be necessary if response depends strongly on any of these,
– Suited for mass-production and assembly of millions of cells in ~40 layers,(cont’d…)
![Page 6: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
6
Design Considerations: Design Considerations: OthersOthers
• The technology must be (…cont’d)
– Allow hermetic construction (minimum cracks/gaps)
– Safe (HV, gas, …),
– Compatible with other subsystems (MDI?),
– Amenable to periodic calibration,
– Able to handle the rates (deadtime < 0.1 s?)
– Cost-effective (including construction, electronics, operation).
![Page 7: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
7
Hardware testsHardware tests
Cells made of cast (Bicron) and extruded scintillators (NICADD/FNAL) have been extensively tested with many variations of
– Shape (hexagonal, square),
– Size, thickness
– Surface treatment (polishing, coating),
– Fibers (manufacturer, diameter, end-treatment)
– Grooves (shaped, straight)
– Photodetectors (PMT, APD, SiPM, MRS)
![Page 8: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
8
Hardware testsHardware tests• Different cell and groove shapes with extruded and
cast scintillators
![Page 9: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
9
Hardware Prototypes (DESY Hardware Prototypes (DESY “MiniCal”)“MiniCal”)
•DESY 6 GeV e beam 2003-2004•108 scintillator tiles (5x5cm)•Readout with Silicon PMs on tile, APDs or PMTs via fibres
2 cm steel
0.5 cm active
DES Y, Hamburg U, ITEP, LPI, MEPHI, Prague
![Page 10: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
10
DESY “MiniCal” Test Beam DESY “MiniCal” Test Beam resultsresults
• Resolution as good as with PM or APD*
• Non-linearity can be corrected (at tile level)– Does not deteriorate
resolution – Need to observe
single photon signals for calibration
• Well understood in MC • Stability not yet
challenged
NIM A (2005)
![Page 11: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
11
Choosing the Optimum Choosing the Optimum ThresholdThreshold
Efficiency and Noise Rejection
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Number of MIPs
Pe
rce
nt
Efficiency
Noise Rejection
0.25 MIP threshold: efficient, quiet
![Page 12: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
12
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous MeasurementsMeasurements
Response ratios between types, glues, fibers,…
• Scintillator type: extruded/cast ≈ 0.7
• Optical glue: EJ500/BC600 ≈ 1.0
• Fiber: Y11/BCF92 ≈ 3.2– Y11 = 1 mm round Kuraray,
– BCF92 = 0.8 mm square Bicron
Extruded/cast (cost) ≈ 0.05
![Page 13: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
13
Optimum parametersOptimum parameters• Shape: Hexagonal or Square• Thickness: 5 mm• Lateral area: 4 - 9 cm2
• Groove: straight• Fiber: Kuraray 1 mm round (or similar)• Fiber glued, surface painted• Scintillator type: Extruded
But a bigger question is the photodetector: PMTs are costly, bulky, won’t operate in B field. We have been investigating APDs, MRS, Si-PM…
Based on what we have learnt so far
![Page 14: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
14
The Metal/Resistor/ The Metal/Resistor/ Semiconductor Photodiode Semiconductor Photodiode
(MRS)(MRS)• From the Center of Perspective Technologies & Apparatus (CPTA),
• Multi-pixel APDs with every pixel operating in the limited Geiger
multiplication mode & sensitive to single photon,
• 1000+ pixels on 1 mm x 1 mm sensor,
• Avalanche quenching achieved by resistive layer on sensor,
• Detective QE of up to 25% at 500 nm,
• Good linearity (within 5% up to 2200 photons)
• Immune to magnetic field,
• Radiation-tolerant.
![Page 15: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
15
Study of MRS/SiPMStudy of MRS/SiPM• Determination of Working point:
– bias voltage,
– threshold,
– temperature
• Linearity of response
• Stress tests: magnetic field, exposure to radiation.
• Tests with scintillator using cosmic rays and radioactive source.
![Page 16: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
16
Metal Resistive Semiconductors Metal Resistive Semiconductors (MRS)(MRS)
Typical pulseheight spectrum
Poduced by the Center of
Perspective Technologies &
Apparatus (CPTA)
B. Dolgoshein
![Page 17: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
17
SiPM SummarySiPM SummaryWe have conducted a set of measurements to illustrate the potential
use of Si photodetectors in High Energy Collider experiments in general, and for hadron calorimetry at the ILC in particular.
• Good MIP sensitivity, strong signal (gain ~O(106)),
• Fast: Rise time ≈ 8 ns, Fall time < 50 ns, FWHM ≈ 12 ns (w/ amp)
• Very compact, simple operation (HV, T, B,…),
• Each sensor requires determination of optimal working point,
• Noise is dominated by single photoelectron: a threshold to reject 1 PE reduces the noise by a factor of ~2500,
• The devices operate satisfactorily at room temperature (~22 ˚C). Cooling reduces noise and improves gain,
• Not affected by magnetic field (tested in up to 4.4 T + quench),
• No deterioration of performance from 1 Mrad of irradiation.
![Page 18: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
18
SiPM prospects on the SiPM prospects on the horizonhorizon• Bigger SiPMs are under development
– 3mm x 3mm made, but require cooling to -40 C
– 5mm x 5mm thought possible
– cost increase: insignificant (CPTA), linear (H’matsu)?
• 5mm x 5mm may help us eliminate fibers– put the SiPM directly on the cells
– wavelength matching by n-on-p (sensitive to blue scint. light) or WLS film
– hugely simplifies assembly
• Better uniformity across sample with purer Si.
![Page 19: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
19
Simulation StudiesSimulation Studies
Steel 20mmPolystyrene 5mm
Scint HCal
Gas Geom1
Steel 20mm
Gas 5mm
Gas Geom2
G10
Glass 1mm
Gas 1mm
Geometries considered
![Page 20: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
20
++ energy resolution as function energy resolution as function of energy for different (linear) of energy for different (linear)
cell sizescell sizes
![Page 21: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
21
CompensationCompensation
• Cell counting has its own version of the compensation problem (in scintillators).
• With multiple thresholds this can be overcome by weighting cells differently (according to the thresholds they passed).
• In MC, 3 thresholds seem to be adequate.
![Page 22: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
22
++ energy resolution vs. energy resolution vs. energyenergy
Two-bit (“semi-digital”) rendition offers better resolution than analog
![Page 23: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
23
Nhit vs. fraction of Nhit vs. fraction of ++ E in cells with E in cells with
E>10 MIP:E>10 MIP: Gas vs. scintillatorGas vs. scintillator
2-bit readout affords significant resolution improvement over 1-bit for scintillator, but not for gas
![Page 24: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
24
++ energy resolution vs. energy resolution vs. energyenergy
Multiple thresholds not used
![Page 25: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
25
Non-linearityNon-linearity
• Nhit/GeV varies with energy.
• This will introduce additional pressure on the “constant” term.
• For scintillator, the non-linearity can be effectively removed by “semi-digital” treatment.
![Page 26: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
26
±± angular width: density angular width: density weightedweighted
![Page 27: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
27
Simulation SummarySimulation Summary• Large parameter space in the nbit-
segmentation-medium plane for hadron calorimetry. Optimization through cost-benefit analysis?
• Scintillator and Gas-based ‘digital’ HCals behave differently.
• Need to simulate detector effects (noise, x-talk, non-linearities, etc.)
• Need verification in test-beam data.
• More studies underway.
![Page 28: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
28
TB: Scint HCal layer TB: Scint HCal layer assemblyassembly
![Page 29: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
29
SummarySummary• Simulations indicate (semi-) digital approach to be
competitive with analog calorimetry• Prototypes indicate scintillator offers sufficient
sensitivity (light x efficiency) & uniformity.• Now optimizing materials & construction to minimize
cost with required sensitivity.• SiPM and MRS photodetectors look very promising.• Preparations for Test Beam (Analog tile HCal and Strip
tail-catcher/muon tracker) are in full swing.
All-in-all scint looks like a competitive option.
We are moving toward the next prototype.
![Page 30: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
30
Thank you!Thank you!For further details, see talks given by DC at
• The LC study group mtg on 26 May ’05,
• The Beaune Photodetection Conference, 19-24 June ’05.
Links at
http://www.fnal.gov/~dhiman/talks.html
![Page 31: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
31
Backup slidesBackup slides
![Page 32: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
32
Working point determination with Working point determination with LEDLED
• The MRS is to able to separate single photoelectrons• Different response under identical setup ⇒ working point must be determined for each channel individually
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1 61 121 181 241 301 361 421 481
ADC Channels
Co
un
ts
Channel 2
0
250
500
750
1000
1 61 121 181 241 301 361 421 481
ADC Channels
Co
un
ts
Channel 4
0
250
500
750
1000
1 61 121 181 241 301 361 421 481
ADC Channels
Co
un
ts
Channel 5
![Page 33: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
33
Cosmic MIP detection with Cosmic MIP detection with SiPMSiPM
Comparable to PMTComparable to PMT
![Page 34: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
34
Noise Rate vs. Bias Voltage & Noise Rate vs. Bias Voltage & ThresholdThreshold
• The right end of the plateau region in the Figure on left is optimal for our purpose.
• For thresholds in the range of 80±10 mV and bias voltage in
50.0±0.5 V, the dark noise is well under control.
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
48.5 50.5 52.5 54.5 56.5
Bias (V)
Fre
qu
ency
(H
z)
70mV
80mV
90mV
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
0 50 100 150Threshold (mV)
No
ise
(Hz)
52V
50.6V
49.6V
![Page 35: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
35
Signal & Noise Amplitudes vs. Bias Signal & Noise Amplitudes vs. Bias VoltageVoltage
• For this particular device S/N peaks at Vbias≈ 52 V
• Sharp peaking in S/N⇒ working point must be found for each piece.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
48 50 52 54 56
Bias (V)
Am
plit
ud
e (m
V)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
48 50 52 54 56 58
Bias (V)
No
ise
Am
plit
ud
e (m
V)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
48 50 52 54 56 58
0
5
10
15
20
48 50 52 54 56 58
Bias (V)
S/N
![Page 36: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
36
Temperature DependenceTemperature Dependence
• Bias = 51.3 mV, threshold = 80 mV
• Loss in signal amplitude with increase in T ≈ 3.5%/˚C
0
100
200
300
400
500
19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 25.5Temperature (oC)
No
ise
(Hz)
y = -14.369x + 667.862/DoF=0.89
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5Temperature (oC)
Sig
nal
Am
plit
ud
e (m
V)
![Page 37: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
37
Fiber Positioning on MRSFiber Positioning on MRS
Optimal fiber-sensor
mating is crucial.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Position, mm
Sig
nal
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-1 0 1 2 3 4
Distance from Sensor, mm
Sig
nal
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-3.5 -1.75 0 1.75 3.5
Angle, o
Sig
nal
![Page 38: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
38
Linearity of ResponseLinearity of ResponseSince the response of an individual pixel is not proportional to n,
(unless it has had time in between to recover), non-linearity is
expected when the detector receives a large number of photons.
Deviation reaches 5% (10%)
at n ≈ 2200 (3000) or,
nPE ≈ 550 (750).
One MIP ≈17 PE
⇒ up to 32 MIPs can be
measured within 5%
linearity.
![Page 39: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
39
Stress Tests: Effect of Mag. Stress Tests: Effect of Mag. fieldfield
No significant effect of fields up to 4.4 T and quenching at 4.5T
![Page 40: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
40
Stress Tests: Effect of Stress Tests: Effect of IrradiationIrradiation
• No detectable damage from 1 Mrad of y = 6E-05x + 12/DoF=0.857
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
48 50 52 54 56 58Bias (V)
Rat
io o
f F
req
uen
cies
y = -1E-05x + 12/DoF=0.851
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.01
1.03
1.05
0 40 80 120
Threshold (mV)
Fat
io o
f N
ois
e F
req
uen
cies
y = 3E-05x + 12/DoF=0.873
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
48 50 52 54 56 58
Bias (V)
Rat
io o
f S
ign
al A
mp
litu
des
![Page 41: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
41
Hit timingHit timing
![Page 42: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
42
Hit timing (contd.)Hit timing (contd.)
![Page 43: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
43
Hit timing (contd.)Hit timing (contd.)
![Page 44: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
44
Hit timing (contd.)Hit timing (contd.)Scintillator
RPC
•Same Z→jj event at pole
•Same cell size (1cm x 1 cm)
•Same threshold of 0.25 MIP
![Page 45: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
45
Hit timing (contd.)Hit timing (contd.)ECal hits in the same events as on the last slide
![Page 46: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
46
Time of flightTime of flight
t (ns)
dN
hit/d
t
![Page 47: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
47
Time-of-flight dependence of Time-of-flight dependence of resolutionresolution
100ns/5s
![Page 48: Scintillator-based Hadron Calorimetry for the ILC/SiD International Linear Collider Workshops Snowmass, 14-27 Aug, 2005 Dhiman Chakraborty](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d245503460f949fa53c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ILCW2005, Snowmass Scintillator-based HCal for ILC Dhiman Chakraborty
48
Avalanche Photo-DiodesAvalanche Photo-DiodesHamamatsu APD gain vs V @ diff wavelengths (T= 18 ºC)
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Bias Voltage, V
Gai
n
486nm 565nm for 587nm 660nm