scientific revolution. scientific revolution, when did it take place? no set date to indicate the...

Scientific Revolution


Scientific Revolution, when did it take place?

No set date to indicate the start of the Scientific Revolution. Some historians the 12th and 13th centuries with the rediscovery of Aristotle by Europeans via the Islamic world. Others say it starts when Nicholas Copernicus challenges Ptolemy’s model of the universe.

Scientific RevolutionNicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

-He based his helio-centric theory on Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BCE).

-The helio-centric theory during the time of Copernicus was not accepted because it meant rejecting Aristotelian thought.

-His main work was On the Revolution of Celestial Orbs.

Polishamericancenter.org



The Book Nobody Readhttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1746110

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1746110

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution, Why and how did it begin?

TablesThe tables used to predict astronomical events were not accurate.

ExplorationSpanish and Portuguese explorers to the Far east and America

sailed off course and out of sight of land for days on end.

The only people who could help them were the astronomers.

CalendarThe calendar created by Julius Caesar in 44 BCE was not

accurate. The vernal equinox which was on the 21st had fallen to the 11th. Easter was based on when the vernal equinox fell.

Therefore all religious holidays were based upon the timing of Easter

Scientific RevolutionNicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

On the Revolution of Celestial Orbs

-Published, in the same year of his death, 1543.

-Dedicated to Pope Paul III and caused little controversy.

-It had an anonymous preface stating that it was only a mathematical

hypothesis.

NPR.org

Scientific RevolutionReligious reasons For and Against Copernicus Theory

What major social upheaval was taking place in the 16th century?

Reformation

Protestants—accepted helio-centric theory quickly

Catholics—didn’t accept helio-centric as quickly.

Scientific RevolutionCopernican Theory Versus Ptolemy’s Theory

Helio-centric Model Geo-Centric Model

Scientific RevolutionGeocentric Model of the Universe

Scientific RevolutionHow did Copernicus’s Theory eventually dominate Ptolemy’s Theory?

He believed the sun not only symbolized but also contained God.

Arabic Numerals were adopted in Europe during the 12th and 13th century

Which one is easier to do?

MDMCXLVII

x CCCLXXII

OR

15147

x 372

Mathematical Astronomy, monks and students began adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. All of these calculations had proven Ptolemy wrong.


Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

A proponent of Ptolemy’s Theory. He made so many mathematical calculations that they became the basis for Copernicus’s Theory.

Hear about his death and his nose here http://www.theworld.org/2012/11/tycho-brahe-not-poisoned/

Scientists Supporting Copernicus’s Theory

Galileo.rice.edu

http://www.theworld.org/2012/11/tycho-brahe-not-poisoned/

http://www.theworld.org/2012/11/tycho-brahe-not-poisoned/


Yorku.edu

Scientific RevolutionSixdayscience.com


Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)What brought about Galileo’s persecution?

Telescope Galileo made his first telescope in 1609, modeled after telescopes produced in other parts of Europe that could magnify objects three times. He created a telescope later that same year that could magnify objects twenty times. With this telescope, he was able to look at the moon, discover the four satellites of Jupiter, observe a supernova, verify the phases of Venus, and discover sunspots.


Doxologist.org



Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)He also believed that the sun represented the spiritual essence and presence of God. Some of his laws were found in his 1609 work Astronomia Nova

i) Planets orbited around the sun and remained in their orbital paths but revolve at different speeds.

ii) Planets move in elliptical orbits

iii) the speed of each planet’s revolution around the sun depends on its distance from the sun

Read more about Kepler here

http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2013/02/04/171116703/keplers-genius-letting-nature-have-the-last-word

NPR.org




Scientific RevolutionScientists Supporting Copernicus’s Theory

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger)-1610

It was a pamphlet but his main work was

Dialogues on the Two Chief Systems, 1632

This work forced the Catholic church to look at his work and how they related to Catholic teaching.

Galileo

Scripture he argued “teaches us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go.”


Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

After Dialogues On the Two Chief Systems of the World was published he was called to Rome to face the Inquisition. He was found guilty of heresy by 1633.

His other work De Motu proved

Law of Falling Bodies—Objects fall at the same speed

regardless of mass. Aristotle believed heavier objects fell

faster

Scientific RevolutionRevisiting Copernicus

Paolo Antonio Foscarini

A theologian in Naples, published a book which stated the Copernican theory did not conflict with scripture. The church took notice of Copernican Theory and places

On the Revolution of Celestial Orbs on the Index of Forbidden Books


Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

--Universe can be explained

through mathematics

--Universe operated in a rational

and predictable way

--Did not need religion or theology

to explain the universe

--All planets move by physical

attraction, gravity


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Laws of Motion

Inertia

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.



Laws of Motion

Acceleration

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of

force needed (to accelerate the object).



Laws of Motion

Action

For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.

http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/louviere/Newton/law1.html

http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/louviere/Newton/law1.html


Quopic.com


Bohemian Rhapsodyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_15G_tIl38

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_15G_tIl38

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