Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 1

Plants ClassificationPlants Classification

Achadiah RachmawatiAchadiah Rachmawati

Scientific Names

• Latin is the language used forscientific classification.

• The first word is the genus and thesecond word is the species. If thereare additional words, they indicate avariety or cultivar.

Genus vs. Species

• Plants in the same genus have similarcharacteristics.

• Plants in the same speciesconsistently produce plants of thesame type.

Scientific Classification

• The broadest category of scientificclassification is the Kingdom--eitherplant or animal.

• The broadest category in the plantkingdom is division or phylum.

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 2

Divisions

• The four most important divisions ofthe plant (Plantae) kingdom are:–Thallophites: algae, fungi, and lichens–Bryophytes: mosses–Pteridophytes: ferns–Spermatophytes

Plant Classification

Non-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Nakedseeds

No roots withroots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots

FernsMosses Gymnosperms

Non - flowering Plants

Do NOT produce flowers

Three groups A plant can bedivided into 3parts:

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 3

Thallophytes Bryophytes

Examples of Mosses

spores

Spore-producing capsule

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 4

No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport)

Characteristics of Mosses

Simple stems & leaves

Have rhizoids for anchorage

Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)

Damp terrestrial land

Simplest plants

Pteriophytes

undergroundstem

root

A leaf (finelydivided intosmall parts)

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 5

roots, feathery leaves & underground stems

Characteristics of Ferns

have vascular tissues (transport & support)

Damp & shady places

Spore-producing organ on the underside ofleaves (reproduction)

Spermatophytes

• Contains flowering or seed-bearingplants

• Two subdivisions are:–Gymnosperms: Seeds are not in an

ovary they are in a cone.–Angiosperms: Seeds are enclosed in an

ovary (fruit), therefore flowering plants

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 6

needle-shaped leaves Gymnosperms

Male cones(in clusters)

Female cones(scattered)

roots, woody stems

Characteristics of Gymnosperms

needle-shaped leaves

tall evergreen trees

cones with reproductivestructures

dry places

vascular tissues (transport)

naked seeds in female cones

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 7

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

Flowering Plants

roots, stems, leaves

vascular tissues (transport)

flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

2 groups Monocotyledons

Parallel veins

one seed-leaf

Characteristics of Monocotyledons

leaves have parallel veinsherbaceous plantse.g. grass, maize

Dicotyledons

Veins in network

Plant Classification

Biologi – Achadiah Rachmawati 8

two seed-leaves

Characteristics of Dicotyledons

leaves have veins in network

e.g. trees, sunflower, rose

Angiosperms

Angiosperms

Diversity:The Spice of Life