scientific method ppt
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
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What is the What is the Scientific Scientific MethodMethod??
• The scientific methodscientific method is a logical, problem solving technique.
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Steps of the Scientific Steps of the Scientific MethodMethod
•• ObservationObservation•• Problem StatementProblem Statement•• Hypothesis StatementHypothesis Statement•• Experiment / Data CollectionExperiment / Data Collection•• Conclusion StatementConclusion Statement
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ObservationObservation• The scientific method begins
with observationobservation.
• An observationobservation is a visible or provable fact.
• An inference is an opinion, or conclusion, based on observed facts.
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Observation vs. InferenceObservation vs. Inference
Observation:
Observation:
Inference:
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Observation vs. InferenceObservation vs. Inference
Observation:
Observation:
Inference:
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Problem StatementProblem Statement• Careful observations lead to
questions that arise.
• A problem statementproblem statement is a question that compares variablesvariables.– Example: Does the drop height affect
the bounce height of a superball?
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What areWhat are Variables?Variables?• A variablevariable is something that
changes.
– There are independent variables and dependent variables.
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What is an What is an Independent Variable?Independent Variable?An independentindependent variablevariable is a variable that
changes unrelated to other factors; a variable we manipulate, or change, on purpose.
An independent variableindependent variable is the variable whose value we knowvalue we know before we start an experiment.
Example: Does the drop heightdrop height affect the bounce height of a superball?We know the drop heightsdrop heights we will use.
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What is a What is a Dependent VariableDependent Variable??
A dependent variabledependent variable is a variable that changes depending on some other factors; the variable we are trying to find out.
The dependent variabledependent variable is the variable whose value we do not know before we start an experiment.
Example: Does the drop height affect thebounce heightbounce height of a superball?
We do not know the bounce heightsbounce heights before we start.
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What is a What is a ConstantConstant??A constantconstant is a variable that does not
change for the duration of an experiment; a value that remains the same.
Example: Does the drop height affect the bounce height of a superballsuperball?
The superballsuperball does not change during the experiment.
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Hypothesis StatementHypothesis Statement• A hypothesis statementhypothesis statement is a
statement that expresses the expected answer to the problem statement;– what you think the results of the
experiment will show.• Example: IfIf a superball is dropped
from increasing heights thenthen the bounce heights will also increase becausebecause…
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ExperimentExperiment• An experimentexperiment is a planned way to
test a hypothesis and find out the answer to the problem statement.
• An experiment is a way to collect data and determine the value of the dependent variable.
• An experiment compares the independent variable to the dependent variable.
• An experiment can only test one dependent variable at a time.
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Conclusion StatementConclusion Statement
• A conclusion statementconclusion statement is a statement that presents the findings of the experiment, what the data shows, and states if the hypothesis was correct (supported) or incorrect (negated).
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Why Do We Use Graphs?Why Do We Use Graphs?
• Graphs help us visualize numerical data.
• There are several different types of graphs:– Bar graphs– Pie graphs– Line graphs
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Bar GraphsBar Graphs
•• Bar graphs Bar graphs are used to are used to show a show a comparison comparison of multiple of multiple objects.objects.
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Pie GraphsPie Graphs
•• Pie graphs Pie graphs are used to are used to compare compare the parts the parts of a whole.of a whole.
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Line GraphsLine Graphs
Line graphs Line graphs are used to are used to show the show the relationship relationship between between variables.variables.
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Types of Relationships (between variables)
Direct: as x increases y increases
Indirect: as x increases y decreases
Constant: as x increases y remains the same