SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

By: Raviraj Jadeja (MBA MEFGI)

Raviraj Jadeja

Scientific Management

Scientific management was a theory of

management that analyzed and

Combines Elements of workflows.

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Its main objective was improving

economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one

of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management.

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A management approach formulated by

Frederick W. Taylor and others

between 1890 and 1930, that sought to determine scientifically the best methods for performing any task, and for selecting, training, and motivating workers.

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Founder & Developers

Frederick W. Taylor(1856-1915)

Henry L. Gantt (1861-1991)

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (1868-1924 and 1878-1972)

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Frederick Winslow Taylor

(1856-1915)

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The core ideas of scientific management were developed by Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his

monographs A Piece Rate System (1895), Shop Management (1903) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

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The theory of scientific management is

the “brainchild” of Frederick Winslow Taylor.

“one best way” to do a job.

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Environment lacked work standards,

bred inefficient workers and jobs were

allocated to people without matching the job to

the worker’s skill and ability.

Relationship of the workers

with the managers included many confrontations.

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Natural differences in productivity between workers.

Differences in talent, intelligence, or motivations.

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standardization of process steps.

Increase in productivity and

reduction of effort.

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Principles of Scientific Management

Development of Science for each part of men’s job (replacement of rule of thumb)

Scientific Selection, Training & Development of Workers

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Co-operation between Management & workers or Harmony not discord.

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Division of Responsibility.

Mental Revolution.

Maximum Prosperity for Employer & Employees.

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Time and motion study.

A time and motion study is a business efficiency technique combining the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

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Developed the laws of human motion from which evolved the principles of motion economy.

Analyzed each motion of work for wasted efforts in an attempt to reduce each task to the smallest amount of expended time and energy.

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Henry Gannt

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Specialized in incentive wage plans.

Introduced a differential piece rate

system ,Task work with a bonus.

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Gannt Chart

A graphic schedule for the planning and controlling of work, and recording progress towards stages of a project.

"man’s record"

"daily balance of work"

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"Organizing for Work“

Measure activities by the amount of time

needed to complete them;

The space on the chart can be used to represent

the amount of the activity that should have been done in that time.

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Basic Gantt Chart

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Daily and Hourly Gantt Chart Example

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Multiple Milestones Gantt Chart Example

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Baseline Gantt Chart Example

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Timeline Gantt Chart Example

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www.ganttchart.com

Milestone Software.

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Henry Laurence Gantt Medal

The Henry Laurence Gantt Medal was

established in 1929 by the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers for "distinguished achievement in management and service to the community."

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Winners

2000 - Paul Soros 2001 - Roy Huffington (United States Ambassador to

Austria) 2002 - Alexander Dreyfoos 2003 - William Timken (U.S. Ambassador to Germany) 2004 - Julie England 2005 - Kathleen M. Bader 2006 - Charla K. Wise 2007 - Kevin M. Gottschall 2008 - Ellen Doherty 2009 - Claudio Valdetara

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Key Concepts

Scientific task planning.

Time and motion studies.

Standardization.

Differential piece rate system.

Functional foremanship.

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Limitations

Exploitative Device.

Depersonalized Work.

Unpsychological.

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Undemocratic.

Anti-Social.

Unrealistic.

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Scientific Management in 21st Century.

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McDonald’s

Most valuable and well-known brand in the whole world.

Established the system of rewards so that they can meet their goals.

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Within the restaurant chain uniformity is complete.

Every branch of McDonald is the same as are the methods used to prepare food, clear floors, promote staff and lock up on closing.

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Aside from the base payment, the company had established the

promotional programs and the

competitive wages,

motivation, hard work, dedication, and results that rewarded and recognized by McDonalds.

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programs such as the “Employees of the Month”

Bonuses that the company is paying for the top employees which are based on the performance of the business and the individual performance.

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Intelligence of employees

has sharply risen.

contributing to the social well-being and development of the individual employee.

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Scientific management also provides a company with the means to achieve

economies of scale.

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Higher levels of access to technology and information.

Flexibility.

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conclusion

Scientific Management is still very much a part of any organization in the 21st Century.

Divide between management functions and work functions have been employed widely at all levels and in all industries.

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It is perhaps then better to accept that as a complete theory Scientific Management is not visible in modern organizations, however, elements of it are so relevant that they have become deeply ingrained in all modern organizations and are the very reasons why management has taken on new dimension in the 21st Century.

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THANK YOU