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Colleague Voyage Report C-270B

Scientific Data Collected Aboard SSV Corwith Cramer

Christiansted, St. Croix to San Juan, Puerto Rico

January 4 – 8, 2017

Sea Education Association Woods Hole, Massachusetts

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Cover photo caption:

SSV Corwith Cramer anchored in Christiansted Harbor, St. Croix, USVI, with Fort Christiansvaern in the background. Photo credit: Mark Long.

This document should be cited as:

Meyer, A.W. 2017. Final report for S.E.A. Cruise C-270B. Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA 02543. www.sea.edu.

To obtain unpublished data, contact the Chief Scientist or SEA data archivist:

Data Archivist Sea Education Association PO Box 6 Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508-540-3954 Fax: 508-457-4673 E-mail: data-archives@sea.edu Web: www.sea.edu

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Table of Contents

Ship’s Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Daily Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Data Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 1. C-270B Hourly Positions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 1. Oceanographic Sampling Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 2. Surface Sampling Station Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 2. Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Chlorophyll. . . . . . . . . 11

Table 3. Hydrocast Bottle Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 3. Depth Profiles of Temperature, Salinity, Chlorophyll . . . . 12

Table 4. Secchi Disk Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Table 5. Neuston Net Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Table 6. Meter Net Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 7. Shipek Grab Sediment Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 4. ADCP Surface Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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C-270B Ship’s Company, SSV Corwith Cramer Staff Crew (names followed by asterisks are SEA Semester alumni)

Captain: Sarah Herard* Chief Mate: Scott Spillias 2nd Mate: Kirsten Johnsrud 3rd Mate: Ryan Loftus Engineer: Alex Myers Steward: Morgan Barrios* Assistant Steward: Ger Tysk Rigger: Elizabeth Foretek Chief Scientist: Audrey Meyer 1st Scientist: Kelsey Lane* 2nd Scientist: Gabrielle Page* 3rd Scientist: Farley Miller* Maritime Studies Faculty: Mark Long Dean of Admissions: Katharine Enos Sailing Intern: Grayson Huston* Sailing Intern: Grace Ballou* Sailing Intern: Kathryn Lindsey*

Participant Crew

Name College/University Department Title/Position

Jennifer Anderson Stony Brook University Department of History Associate Professor

Peter BowerBarnard College/ Columbia

UniversityEnvironmental Science Senior Lecturer

Jonathan (Jackie) Brown Grinnell College Biology Professor

Michael Clifthorne Evergreen State CollegeOffice of International

ProgramsAssistant Director

Rachel Fink Mount Holyoke College Biological Sciences Professor

David Goodwin Denison University Geosciences Associate Professor

Antony S. Harold College of Charleston Biology Professor

Ian Johnson Colorado College Office of Sustainability Director

Herm Lehman Hamilton College Biology Professor

Thomas Luxon Dartmouth College English Professor

John Petersen Oberlin College Environmental Studies Paul Seers Professor

David R. Rain George Washington University Geography Associate Professor

David A. Thomas Arizona State UniversityIntegrative Sciences and

Arts

Principal Lecturer; Study

Abroad Program Director

Helen Young Middlebury College Biology Professor

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Introduction This cruise report provides a summary of scientific activities aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer during Colleague Voyage C-270B (January 4-8, 2017). The voyage served as an introduction for 14 academic colleagues to SEA Semester programs and to what it is like to live and work on the ocean. It included lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and active participation in oceanography, nautical science, and maritime studies. All participants served as full, working members of the scientific team and sailing crew while onboard. They stood watches and contributed to round-the-clock operations on deck including sail handling and navigation, and in the laboratory deploying oceanographic sampling gear, collecting data, and processing samples. A number of SEA Semester alumni sailed as staff, and were able to demonstrate their knowledge and skills, and describe their own experience and what they learned during their SEA Semester programs. Participants joined the 134’ brigantine SSV Corwith Cramer in the historic seaport of Christiansted, on the island of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands. After boarding and stowing of personal gear in bunks below deck, everyone completed an introductory orientation to the boat before enjoying a guided tour around the historic seaport of Christiansted, led by SEA Maritime Studies faculty member Mark Long and ably assisted by Stony Brook History Professor Jennifer Anderson. Orientation to the boat and safety procedures continued during that first evening and the following morning, after which we set sail. From Christiansted we sailed generally north and then northwest toward Puerto Rico, including a picturesque afternoon passage down Sir Francis Drake Channel between the British and U.S. Virgin Islands. During the voyage, participants cycled through their watches throughout the day and night, falling into the routine of shipboard life as they helped to keep the vessel operating safely in the lab, engine room, galley, and on deck. The voyage ended when we entered San Juan harbor with the sun low in the afternoon sky. We enjoyed a final evening at anchor, with discussions ranging from risk management, to admissions, and to research. Disembarking after breakfast the next morning, as we said our fond farewells and the participants headed back to their home campuses. C-270B was a great cruise, with cooperative weather that allowed us to conduct a full program of scientific sampling as we sailed our ~220nm cruise track in the Caribbean Sea around the U.S. and British Virgin Islands and the waters north of Puerto Rico. In class on the quarterdeck each afternoon, we discussed SEA academics, research, and field opportunities, including our new academic programs and extended cruise tracks. Thanks to all my 30 shipmates for such a wonderful voyage. A special thanks to my SEA faculty colleagues Sarah Herard and Mark Long, Dean of Admissions Katharine Enos, and the other 13 members of SEA’s professional crew, who did an excellent job and made everything run so smoothly. It was a true pleasure sailing with you in delightfully warm weather, far away from chilly New England! The summary of C-270B data contained in this report is not intended to represent final data interpretation and should not be excerpted or cited without written permission from SEA. Audrey W. Meyer Chief Scientist, C-270B

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Daily Schedule, Colleague Voyage C-270B Day 1 – Tuesday, January 4 0900 Colleague participants board vessel and are directed to bunks to stash sea bags. Explore

boat, meet and greet. 1000 All Hands muster on quarterdeck

Welcome, pre-departure overview, and safety briefing

Introductions – staff and participants

Lifejackets and muster area

Intro to heads, hot water, and ‘hotel’

Watch assignments and sailing stations by watch group 1030 Watch meetings 1100-1230 Orientation I – Hydrowinch (hands-on practice operating winch and J-frame); Line

Handling (hands-on instruction in safe handling of lines under strain) 1230 All Hands Lunch/Cleanup 1330-1700 Historical walking tour of Christiansted, led by Mark Long. We visited Gallows Bay,

Fort Christiansvaern, the scale house, and learned about the history of sugar, slavery, maritime trade, and European involvement in the West Indies. Participants had time to explore the local area, with the assignment of coming up with maritime shore-based research topics that would work well for this particular port of call.

1730 Debrief of afternoon’s port activities, led by Mark Long. 1800 All Hands Supper/Cleanup 1830 All Hands Galley Orientation 1900-2030 Orientation II – three rotations (30 minutes each), organized by watch

Engine room

Boat check/Evacuation routes

Lab safety & operations (log book, data sheets, etc.) 2030 Evening All Hands muster 2100 End of Day! Participants sleep through the night; SEA staff stand dock watch. Day 2 – Wednesday, 5 January 0700 All Hands Breakfast/Cleanup 0745 All Hands Daily Cleaning (DC) training 0830 All Hands muster on quarterdeck: Introduction to SEA programs, admissions, and financial

aid, led by Katharine Enos. 1000 Explain and walk-through safety drills:

Fire/Emergency

Man Overboard

Abandon Ship 1200 All Hands Lunch/Cleanup

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1300 Get underway and set sail; Seagoing watches in effect 1337 C270B-001-SG: Shipek Grab outside channel, just off fringing reef. All Hands demo, with

sail handling by staff. 1400 MS Discussion Group with Mark Long (B Watch) 1529 C270B-002-NT: Neuston Net Tow 1539 C270B-SS-001: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination 2038 C270B-003-MN: Meter Net 2059 C270B-SS-002: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination Sail through the night, north from St. Croix towards the British Virgin Islands Day 3 – Thursday, 6 January Sea watches in effect 0030 C270B-004-NT: Neuston Net Tow 0045 C270B-SS-003: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination Dawn/morning watches prepare reports for afternoon class 0800 Morning watch MS Discussion Group with Mark Long (A Watch) 1010 C270B-005-SD+HC+PN+NT: Secchi Disk, Hydrocast/CTD, Phytoplankton Net, Neuston Tow 1150 C270B-SS-004: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination 1345 Ships meeting/Class:

Reports by participants: Weather, Navigation, Science

Sailing intern testimonial of their SEA experience

Discussion of oceanography, nautical science, and maritime studies/policy coursework in SEA Semester programs (Audrey Meyer, Sarah Herard, Mark Long)

Nautical Science – Celestial navigation basics (Sarah Herard) 2037 C270B-006-MN: Meter Net 2047 C270B-SS-005: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination Sail through the night, out into the Atlantic north of Puerto Rico

Day 4 – Friday, 7 January Sea watches in effect 0009 C270B-007-NT : Neuston Net Tow 0035 C270B-SS-006: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination Dawn/morning watches prepare reports for afternoon class 0800 Morning watch MS Discussion Group with Mark Long (C Watch) 0935 C270B-008-CTD/NT: (CTD/Styrocast to 1277m below ocean surface; Neuston Net Tow) 1119 C270B-SS-007: Surface Station for phosphate and chlorophyll determination 1345 Ships meeting/Class:

Reports by participants: Weather, navigation, science

Sailing intern testimonial of their SEA experience

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Discussion on El Morro and San Juan, led by Mark Long

SEA Semester discussion: SEA ship safety/risk management, medical screening/emergency procedures, academics, data accessible for student research projects to become senior theses, internships, etc.

1630 Entrance into San Juan Harbor for evening anchorage 1830 All Hands Dinner/Cleanup 1930 Ship’s Gathering/Swizzle! Participants help with overnight anchor watch Day 5 – Sunday, 8 January 0630 All Hands Breakfast/Cleanup 0730 Final discussion session, led by Katharine Enos; feedback from participants 0800 Get underway, transit to dock 0930 Docked in Old San Juan; Final muster & photos 1000 End of program

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Data Description

This section provides a record of data collected aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer Cruise C-270B, beginning at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and ending at San Juan, Puerto Rico (Figure 1).

During the 5-day cruise, we collected oceanographic samples and deployed scientific gear at eight discrete stations (Table 1). Chemical analyses were made of seven surface water samples, all of which occurred coincident with hydrocast/CTD and biological sampling (neuston net and meter net) stations (Table 2). Additionally, we continuously sampled water depth and sub-bottom profiles (CHIRP system), and sea surface temperature, salinity, chlorophyll in-vivo fluorescence, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and transmittance with the seawater flow-through system (Figure 2 – temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence). Discrete CTD measurements of vertical temperature, salinity, and density profiles were collected at two stations, one of which was a hydrocast with Niskin bottles. Additional instrumentation on the hydrocast station allowed profiling of dissolved oxygen, transmittance, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Table 3, Figure 3). Summaries of a secchi disk (SD) deployment, neuston and meter net tows, and surface ocean currents (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) are given in Tables 4-6 and Figure 4. Results of sediment analyses of one shipek grab (SG) sample are given in Table 7. Voluminous CHIRP, ADCP and flow-through data are not fully presented here. All unpublished data can be made available by arrangement with the SEA data archivist (contact information, p. 2).

Figure 1. Hourly positions along the C-270B cruise track.

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Table 1. C-270B oceanographic sampling stations. X indicates type of station. (NT = Neuston Tow, MN = Meter Net, PN = Phytoplankton Net, HC = Hydrocast with 12 Niskin bottles, CTD and optical instrumentation, CTD = Free CTD, SD = Secchi Disk, SG = Shipek Grab, SS = Surface Station.) See footnote at bottom of table.1

Station DateTime

(Local)

Latitude

(N)

Longitude

(W)General Locale NT MN 1 PN HC 1 CTD 1 SD 1 SG 1

Associated

Surface

Station

C270B-001 5-Jan-17 1337 17° 45.8' 64° 42.5'Off Christiansted,

St. Croix

X

(152m)

C270B-002 5-Jan-17 1529 17° 50.1' 64° 41.0' North of St. Croix X SS-001

C270B-003 5-Jan-17 2038 18° 04.3' 64° 46.4' North of St. Croix X

(300m)SS-002

C270B-004 6-Jan-17 0030 18° 08.9' 64° 39.8' North of St. Croix X SS-003

C270B-005 6-Jan-17 1010 18° 14.5' 64° 34.6' North of St. Croix X XX

(600m)

X

(30m)SS-004

C270B-006 6-Jan-17 2037 18° 47.8' 65° 08.5' North of the BVIsX

(300m)SS-005

C270B-007 7-Jan-17 0009 18° 36.5' 65° 17.6' North of Puerto Rico X SS-006

C270B-008 7-Jan-17 0935 18° 49.0' 65° 54.9' North of Puerto Rico XX

(1500m)SS-007

1 Depths given in parentheses for MN, HC, CTD, SD, and SG deployments are maximum wire-out values. This depth is usually greater

than the actual cast depth due to wireline angle.

Table 2. C-270B surface sampling station (SS) data. Associated oceanographic sampling stations are given in Table 1, above. See footnote at bottom of table.1

Surface

StationDate

Time

(Local)

Latitude

(N)

Longitude

(W)General Locale

Temp 1

(°C)

Salinity 1

(PSU)

Chl-a 1

(µg/l)

PO4 1

(µM)

SS-001 5-Jan-17 1539 17° 49.8' N 64° 41.4' W North of St. Croix 27.5 35.056 0.114 0.078

SS-002 5-Jan-17 2059 18° 03.8' N 64° 44.0' W North of St. Croix 27.4 35.190 0.109 0.000

SS-003 6-Jan-17 0045 18° 08.5' N 64° 40.1' W North of St. Croix 27.3 35.192 0.111 0.000

SS-004 6-Jan-17 1150 18° 13.3' N 64° 36.2' W North of St. Croix 27.3 35.171 0.097 0.026

SS-005 6-Jan-17 2047 18° 47.4' N 65° 08.6' W North of the BVIs 27.2 35.888 0.099 0.000

SS-006 7-Jan-17 0035 18° 35.2' N 65° 18.2' W North of Puerto Rico 27.1 35.641 0.064 0.000

SS-007 7-Jan-17 1119 18° 47.9' N 65° 57.0' W North of Puerto Rico 27.4 35.537 0.073 0.000

1 Water temperature and salinity determined from samples collected in lab by flow-through seawater system.

Extracted chlorophyll-a and phosphate determined from surface water samples collected using a bucket, deployed

over the side of the ship.

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Figure 2. Hourly sea surface relative chlorophyll-a in-vivo fluorescence and temperature (top left and right figures, respectively) and surface salinity measurements (bottom right figure) from the continuous flow through SeaBird Thermosalinography (S/N 0022) data logger collected during Cruise C-270B. Hourly positions are given in bottom left figure, and also in Figure 1.

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Table 3. C-270B hydrocast (HC) bottle data. C270B-005-HC station location and general locale are given in Table 1. Oceanographic data from associated surface station (SS-004) are given in Table 2. Analyses conducted as given in footnote below.1

StationBottle

#

Depth

(m)

Temp

(°C)

Salinity

(PSU)

Density

(kg/m3)

O2

(ml/l)

Chl-a

Fluorescence

(V)

Chl-a

(µg/l)

PO4

(µM)

Associated

Surface

Station

12 10.3 27.14 35.125 1022.81 4.427 0.031

11 24.9 27.13 35.135 1022.89 4.426 0.037 0.155

10 49.7 27.85 36.404 1023.71 4.445 0.198 0.319 0.003

9 74.0 26.96 36.869 1024.46 4.459 0.460 0.340

8 99.3 25.31 37.051 1025.23 4.355 0.077 0.206 0.036

7 124.2 24.68 37.254 1025.68 4.105 0.035

6 149.7 23.36 37.296 1026.22 3.943 0.014 0.002

5 198.0 20.13 36.880 1027.03 3.711 0.008 0.247

4 298.1 17.70 36.501 1027.81 3.756 0.007

3 397.8 15.66 36.138 1028.46 3.520 0.008 0.643

2 496.6 12.77 35.672 1029.18 3.081 0.012

1 571.5 11.02 35.403 1029.66 2.907 0.017 1.382

C270B-005-HC SS-004

1 Temperature, salinity, and density data were determined from a SeaBird 19Plus V2 CTD. Dissolved oxygen and

chlorophyll-a fluorescence were determined with a SeaBird SBE-43 oxygen sensor and Sea Point in-vivo chlorophyll- a

fluorometer, respectively, both deployed with the hydrocast carousel. Extracted chlorophyll- a samples were fi ltered

through 0.45 µm filters and measured with a Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Phosphate (PO 4) was assessed

with colorometric spectrophotometry. A blank indicates no sample was collected for that analysis.

Figure 3. Station C270B-005-HC/CTD. Depth profiles of temperature, salinity, and in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence showing thermocline, large variations in salinity, and sub-surface chlorophyll maximums (upcast data shown).

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Table 4. C-270B secchi disk (SD) data. Station location and general locale are given in Table 1. Oceanographic data from associated surface station are given in Table 2.

Station DateTime

(Local)

Cloud Cover

(%)

Wave

Height (ft)

Wind Speed

(BF) 1Secchi

Depth (m)

Calculated

Depth of 1%

Light Level (m)

Associated

Surface

Station

C270B-005-SD 6-Jan-17 1010 35% 6 5 29 77 SS-004

1 BF = Beaufort Force.

Table 5. C-270B neuston net tow (NT) data. Station locations and general locales are given in Table 1. Oceanographic data from associated surface stations are given in Table 2. 100-count data of zooplankton samples are available from SEA. Explanatory footnotes are given below.1,2,3

StationTime

(Local)

Tow

Area 1

(m2)

Zoopl.

Biomass 1

(ml)

Zoopl.

Density 1

(ml/m2)

Phyllo-

soma

(#)

Lepto-

cephali

(#)

Mycto-

phids

(#)

Cepha-

lopods

(#)

Other

Nekton

>2cm 3 (#)

Total

Nekton

(#)

Total

Nekton

(ml)

S.

natans

(g)

S.

fluitans

(g)

Plastic

Pellets

(#)

Plastic

Pieces

(#)

Tar

Pieces

(#)

Halo-

bates

(#)

Gelatinous

Organisms

>2cm (#)

Gelatinous

Organisms

>2cm (ml)

Assoc.

Surface

Station

C270B-002-NT 1529 2020.9 1.6 0.0008 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 SS-001

C270B-004-NT 0030 2543.3 9.0 0.0035 0 0 21 0 15 36 11.3 45 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.0 SS-003

C270B-005-NT 1128 2091.3 3.4 0.0016 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 SS-004

C270B-007-NT 0009 2057.8 6.4 0.0031 0 0 2 0 3 5 0.6 220 31 1 0 0 0 1 salp 0.1 SS-006

C270B-008-NT 1109 1982.9 2.1 0.0011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 13 12 0 2 0 0 0 0.0 SS-007

1 Tow area calculated using distance (meters) between successive minutes' GPS positions while net was deployed. Neuston net opening 1.0m wide by 0.5m tall, with a 333 µm mesh net.

Zooplankton density recorded as wet volume displacement of zooplankton biomass per tow area (ml/m2).

2 Spiny lobster larvae (Phyllosoma), eel larvae (Leptocephali), Lantern fish (Myctophids), and Cephalopods sorted from net contents and counted. Other micronekton and gelatinous

micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve and identified; biovolume (ml) recorded. Sargassum species ( S. natans and S. fluitans ) removed from net contents and weighed with spring

balance scale. Floating plastic, tar, and water striders (Halobates) removed from net contents, sorted, and recorded as numbers collected per tow.

3 Other micronekton >2cm recovered in neuston net tows include: C270B-002-NT - 1 juvenile fish (0.8ml); C270B-004-NT - 2 Sargassum crabs (1.0ml), 11 Euphausids (1.2ml), and 2

Stomatopods (0.1ml); and C270B-007-NT - 3 pipefish (0.1ml).

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Table 6. C-270B meter net (MN) data. Station locations and general locales are given in Table 1. Oceanographic data from associated surface stations are given in Table 2. 100-count data of zooplankton samples are available from SEA. Explanatory footnotes are given below.1,2,3

StationTime

(Local)

Tow

Depth

(m)

Tow

Volume

(m3) 1

Zoopl.

Biomass

(ml) 1

Zoopl.

Density

(ml/m3) 1

Phyllo-

soma

(#)

Lepto-

cephali

(#)

Mycto-

phids

(#)

Cepha-

lopods

(#)

Other

Nekton

>2cm (#) 3

Total

Nekton

(#)

Total

Nekton

(ml)

Sar-

gassum

(g)

Plastic

Pellets

(#)

Plastic

Pieces

(#)

Tar

Pieces

(#)

Halo-

bates

(#)

Gelatinous

Organisms

>2cm (#) 3

Gelatinous

Organisms

>2cm (ml)

Associated

Surface

Station

C270B-003-MN 2038 152.5 1362.1 62.0 0.0455 0 0 5 1 5 11 1.8 0 0 1 0 0 2 1.5 SS-002

C270B-006-MN 2037 102.9 1543.9 85.5 0.0554 0 4 1 0 1 6 2.8 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.0 SS-005

1 Meter net has 333um mesh. Tow volume (m3) calculated from flowmeter measurements. Zooplankton density recorded as wet volume displacement of zooplankton biomass per tow volume (ml/m 3).

2 Spiny lobster larvae (Phyllosoma), eel larvae (Leptocephali), Lantern fish (Myctophids), and Cephalopods sorted from net contents and counted. Micronekton and gelatinous micronekton removed using a

1cm mesh sieve and identified; biovolume recorded (ml). Floating plastic, tar, and marine striders (Halobates) removed from net contents, sorted, and recorded as numbers collected per tow. No Sargassum

was found in either of the meter nets.

3 Other micronekton and gelatinous micronekton >2cm recovered in meter nets include: C270B-003-MN - 2 shrimp (1.0ml), 3 stomatopods (0.3ml), and 2 siphonophores (1.5ml); C270B-006-MN - 1

heteropod (1.0ml).

Table 7. C-270B shipek grab (SG) sediment data. Station location is given in Table 1.

> 4

mm

3-4

mm

2-3

mm

1-2

mm

0.5

-1 m

m

0.2

5-0

.5 m

m

0.1

25

-0.2

5 m

m

0.0

63

-0.1

25

mm

<0

.06

3m

mC270B-001-SG 5-Jan-17 1337 145

Off Christiansted,

St. Croix1.0 0.3 1.8 7.0 19.0 12.0 14.0 1.5 43.4

Calcareous silty sand. Light olive gray

(5Y 6/1) color. Sand mostly angular,

poorly sorted shell fragments (forams,

mollusks, sponge spicules), with some

rock fragments and mineral grains.

None

Qualitative Description

Assoc.

Surface

Station

Sediment Size Analysis (%)

Station DateTime

(Local)

Water

Depth

(m)

General Locale

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Figure 4. Surface current velocity (direction and magnitude) measured with the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) during SEA Cruise C-270B.

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