Scientific Classification

&The Six Kingdoms

ProtistaArchaebacteria

EubacteriaPlantaeFungi

Animalia

Why do we classify living things?

• The classification system helps us to better describe more of the interdependence between life on our planet.

• By classifying organisms we can better understand how they work together in ecosystems.

• Systems in our body and on our earth consist of structures and functions.

How did classification come about?

• Before the 1700’s- Scientists divided organisms into two groups- until they found organisms that did not fit into either group

• In the 1700’s - Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy, which is classifying things based on shape and structure

• The seven-level system of classification was founded

Scientific Classification

Scientific classification is a method by which biologists group or categorize species of organisms.

Domain Did

Kingdom King

Phylum Phillip

Class Come

Order Over

Family For

Genus Good

Species Spaghetti

Example: Human

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primate

Family: Hominidae

Genus: Homo

Species: H. sapiens

Example: Tiger

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Feidae

Genus: Panthera

Species: P. tigris

Example: Coconut Palm Tree

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Magnoliophyta

Class: Liliopsida

Order: Arecales

Family: Arecaceae

Genus: Cocos

Species: C. nucifera

Three:

Domains are the broadest classification level.

Biologists organized all living organisms into either

1. Eukarya

2. Archaea

3. EuBacteria

Domains (Super Kingdoms)

Fungi Protists

Protista• Single or multi-cellular organisms that do not fit

in the animal, plant, or fungi kingdom (most are single-celled)

• Eukaryotic• Most are microscopic• Reproduce asexually• Move independently using cilia, flagella, or

pseudopodia • Some make their own food; others do not• Some may be found in fresh-water ponds• Examples: Protozoa (animal-like protists), Algae

(plant-like protists), slime and water molds (fungi-like protists), Paramecium, and Euglena

Examples of Protista Locomotion

This microscopic protist uses cilia to move around. Cilia are hair-like organelles extending from a eukaryotic cell to aid in locomotion.

This protist uses a flagellum for locomotion. A flagellum is a long, whip-like organelle.

This protist uses pseudopodia to get around. Pseudo- means “fake” and –podia means “feet.” The cytoplasm of the cell temporarily moves about to aid in locomotion.

Sketch these pictures on your notes.

Archaebacteria• Ancient bacteria that thrives in extreme

environments

• Have existed for at least 3 billion years

• Prokaryotic

• Single-celled

• Reproduce asexually

• Some make their own food

• Some move independently

• Love heat, moisture, & salt

• Form yellow and orange

rings around hot springs where the temperature is

about 90 degrees Celsius

Examples of Archaebacteria

Underwater sea vent

A species of archaebacteria

Rings of archaebacteria around a hot spring

Sketch these pictures on your notes.

Eubacteria• All modern bacteria; excludes Archaebacteria• Contains most bacteria that live on or near the

Earth’s surface and most of the bacteria alive today• Prokaryotic• Single-celled• Reproduce asexually• Some make their own food• Some move independently• Can be found in the human body• Esherichia coli- bacteria that lives in the human

intestines that helps blood clot; E coli- changes milk into yogurt; Some cause illness in humans such as ear and sinus infections

E. Coli

Sketch these pictures on your

notes.

Plantae• The kingdom that contains plants• Complex, multi-cellular organisms

that are usually green and use the sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis

• Eukaryotic cells with cell walls• Most are macroscopic• Can not move (sessile)• Some reproduce sexually, others asexually• Some live in areas with good rain fall; others can

live where there is little rain fall like the desert• Used for food, building materials, clothing, oxygen,

cleaning the air…Sketch these pictures on your

notes.

Fungi• The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain food by breaking down other substances in their

surroundings and absorbing the nutrients• Almost all are multi-cellular• Eukaryotic• They were once classified in the plant kingdom, but

they do not make their own food and some are animal-like.

• Are considered parasites or decomposers.• They cannot move independently.• Reproduce sexually or asexually.• Environment – like dark and moist places• Some are microscopic (athletes foot) and some are

macroscopic (mushrooms).• Interesting fact: Penicillin is made from mold (which is

a fungus).

Athlete’sFoot

Animalia• Multi-cellular organisms that have a

nervous system and react to their surroundings.

• Move independently (mobile)

• Eukaryotic

• Most are macroscopic

• Some reproduce sexually; others asexually

• Do not make their own food

Hydra

• Animalia

• Reproduces asexually