Science Warm-up 2/21/2013 It is said that a picture is worth a

thousand words. It is also claimed that words are a dime a dozen. Assuming these propositions are true, what is the dollar value of a picture?

There is a very special five digit number. The special thing about it is that its first digit describes how many 0s there are in the whole number, the second digit describes how many 1s there are in the whole number, and so one, all the way to the fifth digit describing how many 4s there are in the big number

1) $8.33

21200

CHAPTER 7

Mr. Wood

Fall 2011

CH. 7 BIG IDEA

Cells are the structural and functional unit of all living organisms. A cell is made up of organelles that perform specific functions.

Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory

Concepts for Section 1

What is a cell? Cell theory Compound microscopes Electron microscopes Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

What is a cell? (p.182)

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

This is a cell, for an animal

Cell theory (p. 183)

Three main laws of the cell theory

1. All living organisms are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure, and organize all living organisms.

3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

How do we see cells? (p.184) Microscopes 2 main types:

○Compound microscopes○Electron microscopes

Compound Microscopes

Can reach magnifications of around 1000x the naked eye

Transmission of light

Electron Microscopes

Can reach magnifications of over 500,000x the naked eye.

Transmission using electron particles.

So, which is which?

Types of Cells (p.186)

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus.

Cells that do not have membrane bound organelles.

“Pro means NO”

Eukaryotic

Cells that do contain a nucleus

Cells that do contain membrane bound organelles.

“Eu means TRUE”

Section 3: Structures and Organelles

What is an organelle?

An organelle is a specialized structure that carries out a specific function.

These are like parts of a car engine, gears of a watch, or employees of a company.

Ribosomes

Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.

Nucleus and Nucleolus

Control center of the cell that contains coded directions for the production of proteins and cell division. (DNA)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A highly-folded membrane that is the site of protein synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

A flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies proteins and packages them for distribution outside the cell.

Vacuoles

A membrane-bound vesicle for the temporary storage of materials.

Lysosomes

A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes for the breakdown of excess or worn-out cellular structure.

Centrioles

Organelles that occur in pairs and are important for cell division.

Mitochondria

A membrane-bound organelle that makes energy available to the rest of the cell.

Chloroplasts

A double membrane organelle with thylakoids containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place.

Cell Wall

An inflexible barrier that provides support and protects the plant cell.

Cilia and Flagella

Projections from cell surface that aid in locomotion and feeding.

Science Warm-up 1/20/2012 What would happen you graduated high school

tomorrow? Where would you go? What would you be doing? (Ex: College, working, travelling etc)

This should be a minimum of 5 sentences, and will be left inside of your folders.

Thank you for working quietly and individually.

7.4 Cellular Transport

Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport

Diffusion

Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentrationBrownian movementDynamic equilibrium

Facilitated Diffusion

Use of proteins to move ions and small molecules over a protein membrane.

Usually are too large to diffuse directly through the membrane.

Use channel and transport proteins.

Transport

Carrier

Active Transport

Movement of substances across a membrane against a concentration gradient.

Utilizes “pumps”

Sodium/Potassium Pump

Uses energy to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Movement of Large Particles Endocytosis

Taking in large molecules“Eating”

ExocytosisRemoving large particles“Purging”

Osmosis

Diffusion of water over a selectively permeable membrane

3 Types of Osmotic Solutions Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

Isotonic Solutions

Concentrations are equal and the cell is at equilibrium.

Hypotonic

Water concentration is higher outside of the cell making water move into the cell.

Hypertonic

Water concentration is higher inside of the cell making the water exit the cell.

7.2 The Plasma Membrane What is the plasma

membrane?

Function

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable layer around cells.

Selective Permeability

Allows some substances to pass through in order to balance the concentration of substances.

Structure

Composed as a phospholipid bilayer.

Phospholipid bilayer

Two layers of phospholipids creates a barrier

Transport ProteinsMove needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model

The plasma membrane is a constantly moving pattern of arrangement.