science mission directorate understanding and protecting our home planet: nasa and earth science...
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Science MissionDirectorate
Understanding and Protecting Our Home Planet:NASA and Earth ScienceCheryl YuhasSuborbital Science Program Manager
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Earth Science in NASA’s Mission
Understand and Protect Our Home Planet by using our view from space to study the Earth system and improve prediction of Earth system change
Help Explore the Universe and Search for Life by applying our scientific understanding of the Earth system to the identification and study of Earth-like planets around other stars
Inspire the Next Generation of Earth Explorers by providing Earth system science content and training to educators, and by sponsoring the education and early careers of Earth scientists
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How is the global Earth system changing?
What are the primary forcings of the Earth system?
How does the Earth system respond to natural and human-induced changes?
What are the consequences of changes in the Earth system for human civilization?
How well can we predict future changes in the Earth system?
How is the Earth changing and what are the consequences of life on Earth?
Overarching Science Questions
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Earth Observation from Space Today
ERBS
Terra
Aqua
GRACE
QuikScatSAGE III
SeaWinds
TRMM
TOMS-EP
UARS
Jason Landsat 7
SORCE
ACRIMSAT
EO-1
TOPEX/Poseidon
SeaWiFS
ICESat
We have given the world its first capability to study the Earth as a system
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But Much More Remains to Be Done to Achieve a Comprehensive, Coordinated & Sustained Global Observing System
A Comprehensive Global Observing System
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Suborbital Science Programs
Objectives
•Development of new space sensors and new remote-sensing techniques.
•Satellite calibration/validation.
• Targeted observations of ephemeral phenomena with variable temporal and spatial scales.
•Atmosphere/near-space in-situ observations.
•Improvement and validation of predictive Earth process models using satellite data.
•Next-generation scientists with hands-on sensor hardware and field experiment experience.
To understand and protect our home planet, we need data from multiple perspectives. Suborbital fills time and space gap between surface observing networks and orbital platforms.
Sounding Rocket Program
Balloon Program
Aircraft & UAV Programs
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Higher altitude rockets with high resolution instruments opened the door to a whole new class of auroral physics phenomena.
• Field Aligned Electron Bursts• Ion Conics• Lower Hybrid Solitary Structures• Large Amplitude Alfvén Waves• Intense Langmuir Waves• Shock-Like Electric Fields
New Physics
New Capabilities on Sounding Rockets Enabled New Studies of Auroral Physics
Early Rocket Observations (1960’s, 70’s)
Discovered the source of auroral light is due to keV electron beams
Explored auroral optical emissions, Ionosphere fields, currents, effects, etc.
Auroral Optical Emissions
1500
1000
500
0
Alt
itu
de
(km
)
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Suborbital Observing Capabilities: Aircraft/UAVs
DC8
GHPr
ALTUS-II
LALTUS-I
P3
0 4000 8000 12000Range (nm)
0
10
20
30A
ltit
ude
(km
)
Payload is proportional to font size (truncated at 2000 lb. and 600 lb.)Bold indicates payload greater than 2000 lb.
Tropical Tropopause
Polar Tropopause
Troposphere
Syn
opti
c S
cale
Pla
net
ary
Sca
le
Stratosphere
Wal
ker
Cir
cula
tion
ITC
Z W
idth
Mes
osca
le
Convective Detrainment
Boundary Layer
GH = Global Hawk
Pr = Proteus
L = Lear Jet
UAV
Performance Envelope
ALTAIR
WB57ER2
Cirrus
(ALTUS I)
(ALTUS II)(ALTAIR)
Newman & Schoeberl, GSFC
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NASA Suborbital Science Missions of the Future Workshop: 31 Mission Concepts in 6 Science Focus Areas
• Multiple requirements for cloud data
• Vertical resolution data through atmosphere & into ocean
• Almost universal OTH requirements
• Real-time data to the scientist on the ground, at least for QA
• Many, many missions with multiple, coordinated platforms
• Interesting combinations of mother/daughter platforms, sondes
• Intelligent, autonomous tracking of events or phenomena
• Synergy with satellite activities.
Interagency Workshop for UAV Collaboration: 11 Proposals to Demonstrate UAV Enhancement of Science Objectives. 3 areas identified as high-value demonstration missions
• High Impact Events• Carbon Fluxes• Climate Profiles
Results from Previous Workshops
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Satellites Provide Global Observations - Suborbital Provides Key In-Situ/Local Observations
Internal Structure of Hurricane Bonnie from NASA
research aircraft
Hurricane winds as an ocean anomaly from QuikSCAT
Hurricane size and landfall observation from GOES
Combining Global, Regional, and Local Scale Views Improves Understanding of Processes and Variability Trends