Properties of MatterPhysical Property properties that can be determined

without changing the composition of the material. Ex: Texture, color, odor, length, mass, density, boiling point and freezing point and hardness.

1. Extensive or Extrinsic – physical properties that depend on the amount of the sample being examined. Ex: Volume, mass, length

2. Intensive or Intrinsic – physical properties that do not depend on the quantity of the sample being examined. Ex: Temperature, odor, density and freezing point

Chemical Property properties that describe how a substance may change to form another substance. Ex: ability of iron to rust, ability of milk to curdle

Changes in MatterPhysical Change - change in matter that involves no

change in chemical composition- alters a substance without changing

its composition.Example: Phase Change

SOLID

LIQUID GASEvaporation

Condensation

Deposition

SublimationMelting Freezing

Chemical Change a new substance is formed.Evidences of a Chemical ChangeChange in colorEvolution of gasFormation of precipitateEmission of heat and light

Phases of MatterPROPERTY SOLID LIQUID GAS

Mass definite definite definite

Shape definite indefinite Indefinite

Volume definite indefinite indefinite

Compressibility Almost incompressible

Almost incompressible compressible

Arrangement of particles compact Near each

otherFar from each

otherMotion of the

particlesVery little motion

Moderate motion Fast moving

Forms of Matter

Homogenous Mixture

Solutions

Pure substance matter having definite composition and

distinct properties.

Elementsa substance that cannot be decomposed

into simpler substances.the simplest forms of matter that can

exist under normal laboratory conditions.composed of one kind of atoms; the

smallest particles of an element that retain the properties of the element.

Properties of Metals and Non metals

METALS NON METALSHard, dense, solid Less dense and softerStrong DullShiny BrittleMalleable and ductile InsulatorsHigh conductivity on heat and electricity

Low melting point

High densities Low densitiessonorous Not sonorous

Compoundsubstances that is made up of two

or more elements; composed of two or more kinds of atoms.

can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical reaction.

Properties of acids and bases

ACIDS BASES

Cause litmus paper to turn red

Cause litmus paper to turn blue

Taste sour Taste bitter

Dissolve metals producing various salt and hydrogen

gas

React with acids to form salts and water

Feel slippery on the skin

Mixture

is a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retain its own properties.

Homogenous having uniform appearance throughout.Solution a homogenous mixture of two or more

substancesExample: sugar dissolved in water

Heterogeneous

appearance is not the same throughout; do not have uniform composition.

Suspension a heterogeneous mixture in which some particles remain

suspended as can be seen by the naked eye. Example: mud in water

Colloid - a heterogeneous mixture in which some particles are

too small to be seen by the naked eye but enough to remain suspended.

- Appears to be homogenous but when viewed with a powerful microscope, some particles can be seen suspended. Example: jelly and mayonnaise

COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION, COLLOID AND SUSPENSION

PROPERTY SOLUTION COLLOID SUSPENSION

Particle size Less than 1 nm 1 to 100 nm More than 100 nm

Appearance clear cloudy Cloudy

Separation Does not separate Does not separate Separates or settles

Filterability Passes through the filter paper

Passes through the filter paper

Particles do not pass through filter

paper

Effect of beam of light Light can pass through Scatters light Light cannot pass

through

Example Salt solution mayonnaise Muddy water

Methods to separate components of Mixture

1. Mechanical Separation 6. Sedimentation2. Filtration 7. Decantation3. Distillation 8. Chromatography4. Fractional Distillation 9. Centrifugation5. Crystallization 10. Extraction