Science is published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Online Publishing Brings the World Together

Linda Rowan

Senior Editor, ScienceLrowan@aaas.org

Needs of Online Publishing

• High Quality = Peer-reviewed• Rapid Publication• Efficient Dissemination• Searchability• Readability• Enhancements

So Many Papers, So Little Time

• Number of Peer-Reviewed Online Journals– In 1991: 7 journals; In 2002: >6000 journals

• HighWire Library of Sciences and Medicine– Over 12 million articles

• The Astrophysics Data System– Almost 3 million records

Rapid Publication

• Time to acceptance:– Online submission– Online review

• Time after acceptance:– Within 24 hours: J. Biological Chemistry (JBC)– Within 10 days: Science Express– Within 14 days: Some journals– Within 30 days: Many journals

Science 296, 841 (2002).

The Young and Paperless

AuthorDatabase

Membership Institution

Paths to Dissemination

Individual Membership

• Direct Access• Can Customize• Email Alerts• Enhanced Content• Society Benefits

AuthorDatabase

Membership Institution

Paths to Dissemination

Institutional Subscription

• Direct Access from Institution• Economical• Smaller Institutes Can Aggregate: Max Planck• Countrywide: China

AuthorDatabase

Membership Institution

Paths to Dissemination

Big, Bad Databases

highwire.stanford.edu

Databases: Developing Countries

www.healthinternetwork.org

What About Small Databases?

Earth Science Societies Initiative– Earth science societies create a not-for-profit aggregate– Contain all peer-reviewed Earth science society journals– Seamless search capabilities– Link to Georef and other bibliographic resources– Link to other databases– Maintain a full content and searchable archive– Share revenues with societies– Use third party vendors for technology– Permit societies to participate in other initiatives

AuthorDatabase

Membership Institution

Paths to Dissemination

Preprints

• Physics and Astrophysics: arXiv.org– In 1992: 59 astro-ph; In 2001: 6807 astro-ph

• Chemistry: preprint.chemweb.com• Psychology and Biology: cogprints.soton.ac.uk

• Search Engine: www.osti.gov/preprints/index.html

• Preprints from journals: The Astrophysical Journal

www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/future.html

The Astrophysical Journal Future

Searchability

Search Engines– Fast– Easy to use– Handle synonyms/terminology/language– Full text– Multiple sources– Flexibility

ADS Search Engine

adsabs.harvard.edu

Synonym Searches

Search for similar terminology• Equate different tenses accelerated = accelerate• Equate different names O’Higgins = OHiggins• Equate different words height = altitude• Equate different patterns X-ray = X ray

• Equate foreign words with English translations• Do not search on common words, such as “the”

Here is how the Astrophysics Data System handles synonyms

Where On EarthIs It?

Topic Search

• Standards for Papers/Scientific Data– Submission format pdf– Revised text format Word, Latex– Revised figure format tiff, jpeg, ps– Realtime Online format html– Archival Online format xml, sgml– Downloadable paper format pdf

• Standards for Language and SymbolsStandards for Language and SymbolsSee www.stixfonts.org

• Standards for the WebStandards for the Web

Readability

•Goals– Universal Access– Semantic Web– Web of Trust

www.w3c.org

• Design Strategy– Interoperability– Evolution– Decentralization

Standards for the Web

Internet2 in the Americas

www.ampath.fiu.edu

• Dynamic Data• Supplementary Data• Commentary• Educational• Archives• Interactive • Inter-network

More Than Just a Journal

Just a Paper

Weir et al., Science 297, 981 (2002).Supplementary Movie

Dynamic Data

www.scienceonline.org

Commentary and More

Next Wave - Brazil

scope.educ.washington.edu

Educational

From a paper in From a paper in ScienceScience, , with pop-up glossary and annotationswith pop-up glossary and annotationsto a TimeLine,to a TimeLine,to previous research to previous research archived in JSTOR. . .archived in JSTOR. . .

JSTOR: Online Journal Storage Archive• Journals 242• Articles 734,884• Pages 9,907,549• Downloads 6,195,892• Searches 8,894,474

www.jstor.org

Archives

A. Einstein, Science 84, 506 (1936).

JSTOR: Letter from Einstein

In Einstein’s personal letter to the editorof Science, regarding the publication of his 1936 lensing paper he wrote

“Let me also thank you for yourcooperation with this little publication,which Mister Mandl squeezed out of me.It is of little value, but it makes the poor guy happy.”

Einstein IS Still Relevant

Renn et al., Science 275, 184 (1997).

• High Quality, Peer-reviewed• Rapid Publication• Enhanced Online Products

– Dynamic– Data– Archives

• Improved Searchability/Readability– Standards– Central/Specific

• Efficient Dissemination– Individual membership– Institutional subscription– Databases– Author

Accelerated Growth Will Continue!

Status of Online Publishing

• All Electronic, No More Paper• Interactive Review, Edit and Revise• Robotic and AI Searches• National Subscriptions• International and Interlinked Databases• Digital Object identifier (DOIs)• Digital Human Identifier (DHIs)

The Sky’s Not the Limit!

The Future of Online Publishing

Online Publishing in a Smaller WorldOnline Publishing in a Smaller World

Thanks, NASA and Apollo 8

Linda Rowan is hereat Lrowan@aaas.org

Thank you very much, ICSEP!

www.submit2science.org

Online Submission

Online Referee Site

Rapid Publication

Time after acceptanceWithin 24 hours

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Journal of Biological Chemistry

www.jbc.org

Rapid Publication

• Time after acceptance:– Within 10 days: Science Express– Within 14 days: Journal of Biology– Within 30 days: Many journals

Science Express

www.sciencemag.org/sciencexpress/recent.shtml

• AAAS: Advancing science, Serving society

• Four Divisions– Science– Policy and International– Enhancing Education– Careers in Science

Support for Scientific Societies

The Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential The Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential Human Needs (EDEHN) project of the Human Needs (EDEHN) project of the American Association for the Advancement American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) International of Science's (AAAS) International Directorate seeks to improve the scientific Directorate seeks to improve the scientific basis for environmentally sustainable basis for environmentally sustainable policymaking by building the capacity of policymaking by building the capacity of scientists, policymakers, citizens, and otherscientists, policymakers, citizens, and other

Plata Basin Project

such stakeholders at the local, national, and regional levels. such stakeholders at the local, national, and regional levels. EDEHN will accomplish its goal through participatory, pro-EDEHN will accomplish its goal through participatory, pro-active facilitation of multidisciplinary sustainable science and active facilitation of multidisciplinary sustainable science and policy activities undertaken at the watershed level. policy activities undertaken at the watershed level. Three other EDEHN projects are under way in Russia, Three other EDEHN projects are under way in Russia, South-East Asia and Africa.South-East Asia and Africa.

Send us your Methods, Movies, Tables, Figures, Datafor a Separate Online File

www.sciencemag.org/feature/contribinfo/prep/prep_online.shtml

Science’s SOM

nextwave.sciencemag.org

Careers

Einstein’s letter to the editor of Science,regarding the publication of his 1936lensing paper stated

“Let me also thank you for yourcooperation with this little publication,which Mister Mandl squeezed out of me.It is of little value, but it makes the poor guy happy.”

Einstein IS Still Relevant

Big, Bad Databases• HighWire: highwire.stanford.edu

– Established in 1995 by the Stanford University library– Aggregate of life sciences journals with over 12 billion articles– Seamless search capabilities, including Medline– Customizable– List of other databases – List of preprint servers– List of free material