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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

Science Grade 9

Quarter 2 - Module 4-5 The Carbon Compounds

Zest for Progress

Zeal of Partnership

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________

Name of School: ___________________________

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1

What I Need to Know

In the previous module, you have learned about how non-metals make

chemical bonds by sharing electrons from their outer shells to attain stable

electronic configurations. This is also the process by which every carbon

compounds or organic compound is formed. Carbon is a versatile element in

terms of its ability to bond in so many different ways (single, double, and triple

bonds). In this module, you will learn about how the structure of carbon atom

affects the types of bonds it forms.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how the structure of carbon atom affects the types of bonds it

forms. (S9MT-IIg-17)

You have learned in the previous lesson about the two kinds of bonds

that an element may have, namely covalent bond and ionic bond. So, to recall

these different bonds, answer the activity in the next page.

What’s In Activity 1: What’s the bonding?

Directions: Complete the table below by identifying the type of chemical

bonds (ionic, metallic and covalent) of the following compounds.

Module

4-5

The Carbon Compounds

Compound Types of Chemical Bonds

𝐂𝐚𝐅𝟐

𝐂𝐁𝐫𝟒

𝐂𝐮

𝐂𝐎

𝐂𝐇𝟒

𝐀𝐥

𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥

𝐂𝐒𝟐

𝐊𝐂𝐥

𝐂𝐇𝟑𝐂𝐇𝟐𝐎𝐇

Score: ____/13

2

Guide Questions:

1. From the table above, list the carbon compounds.

Answer: ___________________________________________________________ 2. Based from the table above, what type of chemical bond do these carbon

compounds have? Encircle the letter of the correct answer

a. Covalent b. Ionic

c. Metallic 3. How do covalent bonds form between atoms? Encircle the letter of the

correct answer.

a. When pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. b. When a metal combines with non-metal.

c. When many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons.

Now that you have finished answering activity 1, you may continue

exploring other type of bonds.

Try answering the succeeding activities to further your knowledge of

the structure of carbon atom and how it is able to form many compounds.

What’s New

Activity 2: Hydrocarbons… Hydrocarbons everywhere!

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and

hydrogen atoms only. Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane and butane are

components of natural gas. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families namely,

alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. The compounds in each group have certain

structures that make their properties different from the other.

Objectives:

Recognize common kinds of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes and their

uses;

Identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes;

and

Relate the structure of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to their

properties. Procedure:

A. Use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the questions in this activity. Table 1. Alkanes

Name Phase Condensed Structural

Formula Boiling Point

(℃)

Methane Gas CH4 −162

Ethane Gas CH3CH3 −89

Score: ____/5

3

Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 −42

Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 −0.5

Pentane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 36

Hexane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 69

Heptane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 98

Octane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 126

Table 2. Alkenes

Name Phase Condensed Structural

Formula Boiling Point

(℃)

Ethene Gas CH2 = CH2 −104

Propene Gas CH2 = CHCH3 −47

1-Butene Gas CH2 = CHCH2CH3 −6

1-Pentene Liquid CH2 = CHCH2CH2CH3 30

1-Hexene Liquid CH2 = CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 63

Table 3. Alkynes

Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula

Boiling Point

(℃)

Ethyne Gas HC ≡ CH −84

Propyne Gas CH ≡ CCH3 −47

2-Butyne Gas CH3C ≡ CCH3 8.08

Pentyne Liquid HC ≡ CCH2CH2CH3 40.2

Guide Questions:

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes and alkynes? a. Alkanes – single bond, Alkenes – double bond, Alkynes – triple bond b. Alkenes – single bond, Alkynes – double bond, Alkanes – triple bond c. Alkynes – single bond, Alkanes – double bond, Alkenes – triple bond

2. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene and alkyne? a. Higher b. Lower c. Does not change

3. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids? a. Because they have different boiling points.

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b. Because of the structure or the size of the molecules of the compounds. c. Because hydrocarbons differ in their chemical bonding.

4. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds? a. Because of the atomic structure of the carbon makes it possible to form

many types of bonds with other elements and with other carbon atoms. b. Because the carbon atoms are attracted to different types of metals and

non-metals that they tend to bond with them to make the carbon atoms stable.

c. Because carbon atoms give off electrons making them unstable when not bonded with the other elements.

5. Which of the following hydrocarbons is used as a component of gasoline? a. Ethyne b. Methane c. Pentene

You have just learned how the structures of hydrocarbons affect their

properties, such as physical state and boiling point. In the next activity, you will

learn about the other common organic compounds, alcohols and carbonyl group

containing compounds such as aldehydes and ketones.

Activity 3: Alcohol is a MUST!

Alcohols are another group of organic compounds. These organic

compounds also have very important uses. Some alcohols are used as

antiseptic or disinfectant, some are used as cleaning agents, others are used

as components of liquors and a few alcohols are used as fuel for portable

stoves or other types of burners.

Objectives:

Identify similarities in the structures of different kinds of alcohols; and

Relate these similarities to the common properties they have. Procedure:

A. Look at the illustrations below. Use the following illustrations of the structures of common alcohols to answer the following questions.

Ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Methyl alcohol

Guide Questions:

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your

choice. Each item is worth 2 points.

1. What types of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and in isopropyl alcohol?

Score: ____/4

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a. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have single bonds. b. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have double bonds.

c. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have triple bonds

2. What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols? a. Alcohols have the same hydroxyl group as their functional group

that is why they have some similar properties or characteristics. b. Alcohols consist of an oxygen atom that form double bonds with two

or more hydrogen atoms.

Now, you have learned the uses of common alcohols and the

relationship between the structures of alcohols and their physical properties.

In the next activity, you will learn about simple carbonyl compounds, their

properties and uses.

Activity 4: What is Common between Acetone and

Formalin?

Acetone and formalin are examples of simple carbonyl containing

compounds which have common uses. Carbonyl containing compounds are

organic compounds that contain carbonyl functional group, which is

composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C = O.

Objectives:

Relate the structures of acetone, and formalin to the carbonyl

compounds where they belong. Procedure:

A. Use the illustrations of the structures of acetone, and formaldehyde

(formalin) below to answer the questions.

formaldehyde acetone

Guide Questions:

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your

choice. Each item is worth 2 points.

1. What types of bonds do the common compounds have in their

structures?

Score: ____/4

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a. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde all have single and double bonds.

b. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde all have a double bond only.

2. Formalin and acetone are common carbonyl containing compounds. Why do you think they both belong in the group of carbonyl containing compounds?

a. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde both have carbonyl

functional group, C = O. b. The boiling points of acetone and formaldehyde are almost the same

and they are both in liquid phase.

What is it

In the activity 1, you have recalled about the different chemical bonds

that hold the atoms in a compound. You have also recalled that when pairs

of electrons are shared by atoms, a covalent bonding occurs. Covalent bonds

often occur in many carbon compounds.

Carbon atoms have special abilities. Carbon atoms can form chemical

bonds with other carbon atoms and other nonmetal atoms in many ways.

They can form single, double and triple bonds. These abilities of carbon atoms

are the reasons why there are so many kinds of organic compounds.

In the activity 2, it will acquaint you with the useful characteristics of

carbon atoms and the relationship of the structures and properties of the

special group of another type of organic compounds, the hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons are a specific group of organic compounds which contain

carbon and hydrogen only. Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes are the three basic

groups of hydrocarbon compounds.

Alkanes are hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bonds in

the compounds. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons

because additional hydrogen atoms can no longer bond in the compound. The

first alkane is methane, CH4, and the second member is ethane, CH3CH3, which

are common alkane compounds. The name of the compounds in this group

all end with -ane.

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have one or more carbon-carbon

double bonds in their structures. The name of alkene compounds ends in –

ene. The simplest alkenes are ethene, CH2CH2, and propene, CH2CHCH3.

Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The most common

alkyne compound is ethyne or acetylene. The name of alkene compounds ends in

–yne.

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In the activity 3, you have learned about structures of alcohols. You

also have understood the similarities that different alcohols have which also

make them share some common properties.

The following concepts explain the relationship between the structures

and the properties of the different alcohols Functional group is a group of

atoms that are bonded to the molecule. This group is responsible for the

characteristics or property of that compound. Alcohols have hydroxyl group

(−𝐎𝐇). They have special uses such as disinfectant, fuel, and as a main

component (ethyl alcohol) of liquor and other alcoholic drinks. If you are going

to observe the structures of ethyl, isopropyl, and methyl alcohol, you will

notice the hydroxyl group (−OH) in their structures (see the illustrations

below).

In the activity 4, you have recognized other different, important organic

compounds: acetone, and formaldehyde. These compounds are commonly

used at home and at school. However, you are not really fully aware about the

identities and the basic nature of these compounds. Most often, you are just

aware of the products’ names of these materials.

Carbonyl compounds like acetone and formaldehyde have a carbonyl

functional group, 𝐂 = 𝐎, which is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the

compound. These common carbonyl compounds also have important uses:

acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover, and

formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials like an animal

specimen. This is also the compound used in embalming human cadavers.

What’s More Activity 5: Where do I belong?

Directions: Fill in the table below. Identify the specific group of organic

compounds (hydrocarbon, hydroxyl and carbonyl) given its chemical

structure.

Score: ____/5

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Score: ____/20

Compounds Group

What I Have Learned

Activity 6. Fill me!

Directions: Fill the chart with the correct words from the box. Write the

words in each box to complete the thought of the graphic organizer.

Choose here:

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What I Can Do

Activity 7. We have a bond!

You have learned from this module that the structure of carbon atom affects

the bonds it may form. These different bonds explain why carbon-containing

compounds tend to appear in varied forms, some in a form of gas and some are in

liquid form.

Similarly, the health crisis that we are currently facing changed the structure

of our day to day activities that we once used to enjoy. One of which that was greatly

affected by the pandemic is the education sector were no face-to-face learning is

allowed until a vaccine will be readily available in the market. How do you think will

the current educational platform will affect the bond between the teacher and the

student like you?

Search for news clippings or news reports that you can either get from the

web, television or radio that shows current trends that the students and teachers are

experiencing in relation to the blended learning approach. Complete the report by

completing the 5WH table below.

5WH Questions Information gathered from news clippings or news reports

1. What is or are the issues or concerns of the featured individuals about blended learning?

2. Why were they featured in the news?

3. When did you heard or saw the news report?

4. Where did it happen?

Score: ____ / 30

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5. Who are the persons involved? (State the names of featured individuals)

6. How are they coping with the current blended learning approach?

Source of the news report:

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the

space provided before each number. _______ 1. What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbon compounds when

the number of carbon atoms increases?

A. Decreases C. Increases B. Increases then decreases D. Remains the same

_______ 2. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

A. C.

B. D. All of the above

________ 3. Which alkene will most likely have the highest boiling point?

A. Ethene C. Pentene

B. Hexene D. Propene ________ 4. Which are TRUE about the use of ethyl alcohol?

I. Medicine III. Disinfectant

II. Fuel IV. Fertilizer

A. I and II only C. III and IV only B. II and III only D. I and IV only

_________ 5. Emmanuel Juan cut his finger accidentally when he was cutting

his nails. He has to apply something on his wound so that it will not get

infected. Which compound should he use?

A. Formalin C. Kerosene B. Isopropyl Alcohol D. Acetone

_______ 6. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure

below belong?

Score: ____/15

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A. Alkane C. Alkyne B. Alkene D. None of the above

_______ 7. Maria Paula wants to preserve a fish for her project in Biology class.

What kind of compound should she use to preserve the animal?

A. Acetic acid C. Formaldehyde

B. Acetone D. Methyl alcohol _______ 8. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

A. C.

B. D. All of the above

_______ 9. Which compound is an alcohol? Choose only one.

A. C.

B. D.

_______ 10. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon

compound?

A. 1 C. 3

B. 2 D. 4 _______ 11. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the

structure 𝐇 − 𝐂 ≡ 𝐂 − 𝐇 belong?

A. Alkane C. Alkyne B. Alkene D. None of the above

_______ 12. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds? A. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds. B. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other

elements.

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C. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements.

D. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements.

______ 13. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?

A. 2 C. 4 B. 3 D. 5

______ 14. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?

A. Ethene C. Methane B. Ethyne D. Octane

______ 15. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon

compound?

A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 D. 4

Good job! You have reach this far.

Take time to answer the succeeding pages for a little more exciting

activities to enrich what you have learned from this module.

Additional Activity

Activity 8. What makes me myself?

Directions: Encircle the bond/s that makes the chemical structure belong

to a particular carbon compound. Then, identify whether it is Alkane,

Alkene, Alkyne, Hydroxyl, and Carbonyl.

1. 3.

2. 4.

𝐂 = 𝐂 Alkene

Score: ____/6

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Answer Key-Gr9Q2W4-5 Science

Activity 2:

Hydrocarbons…

Hydrocarbons

everywhere!

Guide Questions:

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.A

5.A

What I Know

1.B

2.C

3.B

4.B

5.B

6.C

7.C

8.A/B

9.B

10.C

11.C

12.A

13.B

14.B

15.B

Activity 1: What’s the

bonding?

Ionic

Covalent

Metallic

Covalent

Covalent

Metallic

Ionic

Covalent

Ionic

Covalent

Guide Questions:

1.CBr4,,CH4,CO,CS2,and CH3CH2OH

2.A

3.A

Activity 5:

Where do I belong?

Hydrocarbon

Hydroxyl

Hydrocarbon

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Activity 3:

What’s the bonding?

Guide Questions:

1.A

2.A

Activity 4:

What is Common

between Acetone and

Formalin?

Guide Questions:

1.A

2.A

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Activity 4:

What makes me myself?

1.Alkene 2.Hydroxyl 3.Alkynes 4.Alkynes

Activity 6:

Fill me!

Assessment

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.B

5.B

6.B

7.C

8.C

9.A/B

10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B

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References Books:

Department of Education. (2013) Grade 9 learner’s module. Department of Education

Websites:

Carbon compounds structure. Retrieved August 25, 2020 from https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSWK4gIcKjGHf1gb2f0AdbgkgIsh4D2q0X7tA&usq

p=CAU

Compound structure chemical chemistry. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from

https://svgsilh.com/image/155277.html

Diamond. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRbwoMHv9MmZ0OHqmCqyoNFUxFdHoaPnRBq3

A&usqp=CAU

Hexane-2C5-dione_3D. Retrieved: August 25, 2020, from

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Hexane-2%2C5-dione_3D.jpg

Serotonin. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/03/26/02/51/serotonin- 4969042_960_720.png

Science / Carbon and its Compounds. 2012-2018. learnhive.

http://www.learnhive.net/learn/cbse-grade- 10/science/carbon-and-its-

compounds?fbclid=IwAR2YCuSLlGgH4TVZdrzKwmsbdqGlggHOVNyGbyI6SQEFf7NrqqS1rRqb

BUw

Tetrodotoxin-3D-balls. Retrieved: August 25, 2020, from

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tetrodotoxin-3D-

balls.png/763px- Tetrodotoxin-3D-balls.png

Tiedosto:Alloxan-3D-balls. August 25, 2020, from https://fi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedosto:Alloxan-

3D-balls.png

Development Team Mi Ultimo Adios

Writer: Aldrin Kenneth A. Saladaga Editors: Margie Lou C. Jacob Laarni A. Adonis Kathleen Joy B. Padilla Joly C. Baradero Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team:

Majarani M. Jacinto, CESO VI SDS-ZDS

Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D

ASDS

Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D ASDS

Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D

CID Chief

Florencio R. Caballero, DTE EPS -LRMDS

Sandy R. Albarico

EPS -Science

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