science fod’s. 1. which word describes every object and substance on earth?
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Science FOD’s
1. Which word describes every object and substance on Earth?
1. Matter
2. What is matter made up of?
2. Elements
3. How many known elements are there?
3. Over 100
4. What is the smallest part of an element called?
4. Atom
5. What is the result when you combine two or more elements to make a new substance?
5. Compound
6. How would you show the compound of water?
6. H2O
7. How would you show the compound of salt?
7. NaCl
8. What is the smallest part of a compound?
8. Molecule
9. What state of matter is made of molecules tightly packed together with a definite shape?
9. Solid
10. What state of matter is made of molecules not tightly packed together that take the shape of their container?
10. Liquid
11. What state of matter is made of molecules spread fairly far apart and have no definite shape?
11. Gas
12. What word describes things we can change about matter and still have the same matter we started with?
12. Physical Change (Crumbling Paper)
13. What word describes things we can change about matter that results in a new type of matter?
13. Chemical Change (Burning paper)
14. How can we make molecules move faster?
14. Increase temperature
15. What happens to solids when heat is added?
15. They melt and form a liquid
16. What happens to liquids when heat is added?
16. They evaporate and form a gas
17. What happens to gas when heat is removed?
17. They condense and form a liquid
18. What happens to liquids when heat is removed?
18. They freeze and form a solid
19. What is created when different types of compounds are joined together but can be separated again?
19. Mixture
20. What is created when different types of compounds are joined together and become a new substance?
20. Solution
21. How can we separate materials in a solution?
21. Heat and evaporate one substance to leave the other behind
22. Which term describes a systematic process to investigating a question?
22. Scientific Method
23. Which word describes using senses to collect information about the environment?
23. Observation
24. Which word describes using prior knowledge and experiences to generate conclusions?
24. Inference
25. Which word means a fair test driven by a hypothesis?
25. Experiment
26. What defines what is to be investigated in an experiment and is often written as a question?
26. Purpose
27. What is it called when you read, get advice, or make observations about a project?
27. Research
28. Which word means an educated guess about what will happen in an experiment?
28. Hypothesis
29. What is the list of items used in an experiment called?
29. Materials
30. What are the step by step directions to follow in order to conduct an experiment?
30. Procedure
31. Which word means change?
31. Variable
32. Which variable do you change in setting up an experiment?
32. Independent Variable
33. What variable changes as a result of the experiment?
33. Dependent Variable
34. What parts of the experiment are kept the same so they don’t interfere with the results?
34. Constants
35. How many independent variables can you have in an experiment?
35. One
36. How many dependent variables can you have in an experiment?
36. Unlimited, it depends on how many things change in the experiment
37. What is a graph, chart, or table used to display results called?
37. Data
38. What is the summary that supports or contradicts the hypothesis?
38. Conclusion
39. What type of measurement is used in all scientific experiments?
39. Metric System
40. Which type of data use descriptions and observations to show results?
40. Qualitative Data
41. Which type of data use numbers and graphs to show results?
41. Quantitative Data
42. What is the light we see called?
42. White Light
43. What is white light actually made of?
43. A combination of different colors all mixed together
44. What term describes the different colors that get separated into a rainbow?
44. Visible Spectrum
45. What is the order of colors in the visible spectrum?
45. Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (ROY G. BIV)
46. What object is often used to break white light apart into the visible spectrum?
46. Prism
47. Which color has the longest wavelength?
47. Red
48. Which color has the shortest wavelength?
48. Violet
49. How does light travel?
49. In straight paths called rays
50. How long does it take light from the sun to reach Earth 150 million km away?
50. Less than 8 ½ minutes
51. What term describes light hitting an object and bouncing back?
51. Reflection
52. What term describes light hitting an object and bending to go off in another direction?
52. Refraction
53. What term describes when light passes through the object it hits?
53. Transmit
54. What term describes when light is taken into the object it hits and stored as heat energy?
54. Absorb
55. What objects allow lots of light to pass through them clearly?
55. Transparent
56. What objects only allow some light to pass through, scattering the image?
56. Translucent
57. What objects do not allow any light to pass through?
57. Opaque
58. What is used on many optical tools to enlarge or clarify an image?
58. Lenses and Mirrors
59. Who was the first person to use a telescope to study the sky?
59. Galileo
60. What lensmaker made the first simple microscope?
60. Anton van Leewenhoek
61. Who first observed that light travels at different wavelengths and bends at different angles to produce the visible spectrum?
61. Isaac Newton
62. Who first used a compound microscope to study?
62. Robert Hook
63. What is sound?
63. A form of energy
64. How are sounds produced?
64. Through vibrations
65. How does sound travel?
65. In waves
66. What is a wave?
66. A disturbance moving through a solid, liquid, or gas
67. What is the high point of a wave called?
67. Crest
68. What is the low point of a wave called?
68. Trough
69. How are wavelengths measured?
69. From crest to crest
70. What material can sound waves travel through?
70. All matter – solids, liquids, and gases
71. What material does sound travel fastest through?
71. Solids, because the molecules are closest together
72. What material can sound waves not travel through?
72. Vacuum
73. What term is given to the number of waves that happen in a certain period of time?
73. Frequency
74. What term describes the “highness” or “lowness” of a sound?
74. Pitch
75. How is pitch determined?
75. By the frequency of vibrating objects
76. Which type of vibrations produce a higher pitch?
76. Faster vibrations
77. How does a person produce sound?
77. Vibrations of vocal chords
78. How do musical instruments produce sounds?
78. Vibrations of strings or columns of air
79. What term is used for animals that rely on sound to find objects for directions or food?
79. Echolocation
80. What term describes an electronic tool that is used to detect and locate objects in air or space?
80. Radar
81. What term describes an electronic tool that is used to detect and locate objects underwater?
81. Sonar
82. What is the smallest part of all living things?
82. Cells
83. Where do cells come from?
83. Existing cells
84. What are the 4 main parts of an animal cell?
84. Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Vacuoles, Cytoplasm
85. What shape do animal cells tend to be?
85. Spherical
86. What are the 6 main parts of a plant cell?
86. Nucleus, Vacuoles, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplast
87. What shape do plant cells tend to be?
87. Rectangular
88. What parts of a plant cell are not found in an animal cell?
88. Cell Wall and Chloroplast
89. What are the five groups of living things organized into?
89. Kingdoms
90. What are the 5 Kingdoms?
90. Monera, Protist, Fungi, Plant, and Animal
91. Which type of plants have stems, roots, and leaves with tube-like structures that carry food and water?
91. Vascular
92. What part of the plant carries food and water from the roots to the leaves in vascular plants?
92. Xylem
93. What part of the plant carries food and water from the leaves to the other parts of a vascular plant?
93. Phloem
94. Name some vascular plants.
94. Flowers, Trees, Grass, Bushes
95. What makes nonvascular plants different from vascular plants?
95. Nonvascular plants don’t have specialized parts.
96. Name a nonvascular plant.
96. Moss
97. Which type of plants are most common?
97. Vascular
98. Which type of animal has a backbone?
98. Vertebrate
99. Which type of animal does not have a backbone?
99. Invertebrate
100. What are the groups that vertebrates are classified into?
100. Mammals, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, and Amphibians
101. What are the groups that invertebrates are classified into?
101. Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusks, Echinoderms, and Arthropods
102. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?
102. About 70 %
103. What is the shallow part of the ocean floor that is close to the edge of the continent called?
103. Continental Shelf
104. What is the land from the edge of the shelf descending to the deep water of the ocean basin or floor called?
104. Continental Slope
105. What is the gently sloping area made of sediment washed down from the slope called?
105. Continental Rise
106. What is the vast open floor of the ocean called?
106. Continental Plain
107. What are underwater mountains called?
107. Mid-ocean ridge
108. What are deep narrow valleys in the ocean floor called?
108. Trenches
109. What is ocean water made up of?
109. Gases (air) and dissolved solids like salt
110. What can affect the salinity of ocean water?
110. Rates of evaporation and runoff from nearby land
111.What are the basic motions of ocean water?
112. What causes ocean currents?
111. Currents, waves, and tides
112. What causes ocean currents?
112. Wind patterns and differences in density from salinity and temperature changes
113. What is one well-known current?
113. Gulf Stream
114. What do currents affect?
114. Mixing of ocean waters, Plant and animal populations, Navigation routes
115. As you get deeper into the ocean, what factors increase and decrease?
115. Temperature and Light decrease and Pressure increases
116. Which organisms drift about in the nutrient-rich areas of the open ocean?
116. Plankton
117. Which type of plankton are animals?
117. Zooplankton
118. Which type of plankton are plants that produce much of the Earth’s oxygen and serve as the base of the ocean ecosystem?
118. Phytoplankton
119. Which animals can swim and control their own movements?
119. Nekton
120. Which organisms live in or on the ocean bottom?
120. Benthos
121. What are some resources found in the ocean?
121. Food, Fossil fuels, Minerals, Petroleum, Ores, and Salt
122. What are some of the negative effects people have on oceans?
122. Pollution, Sewage, Oil Spills, and Overfishing
123. What model shows the continued process of change in the Earth and its rocks?
123. Rock Cycle
124. Which 2 factors inside the Earth cause rocks to change into other types of rocks?
124. Heat and Pressure
125. Which 2 factors at the surface of the Earth cause rocks to change into other types of rocks?
125. Weathering and Erosion
126. What are the 5 properties that you can look for in determining types of rocks?
126. Composition, Grain Size, Texture, Color, and Fossils
127. Which type of rock is formed from layers of sediments being cemented together?
127. Sedimentary
128. Which type of rock is formed from the melting and cooling of lava and magma?
128. Igneous
129. Which type of rock is changed from heat and pressure?
129. Metamorphic
130. How old is the Earth?
130. 4.6 billion years old
131. What are the remains of plants and animals preserved into rocks called?
131. Fossils
132. What are fossils indicators of?
132. Past climate and geography
133. What is the breaking and wearing away of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, ice, and chemical changes?
133. Weathering
134. What is the moving of weathered rocks and soil by wind, water, or ice?
134. Erosion
135. What are the large continent-sized blocks that move slowly about the Earth’s surface called?
135. Plates
136. What causes plates to move?
136. Heat
137. How often are plates moving?
137. All the time
138. What are the plate boundaries called where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
138. Faults
139. What are boundaries called where plates move towards each other?
139. Convergent
140. What are boundaries called where plates move away from each other?
140. Divergent
141. What are boundaries called where plates slide past each other?
141. Sliding
142. Which layer of Earth is made of rock and soil?
142. Crust
143. Which layer of Earth is made of solid rock and some partially melted rock?
143. Mantle
144. Which layer of Earth is made of melted rock such as iron and nickel?
144. Outer Core
145. Which layer of Earth is made of solid rock because of heat and pressure compacting it?
145. Inner Core
146. Which two things increase with depth beneath the surface of the Earth?
146. Heat and Pressure
147. What term describes the clearing away of forestland for farming, which also causes erosion?
147. Deforestation
148. What legislation was made to help prevent or slow down the effects of erosion?
148. Land Reclamation Act