science experiment proposal
TRANSCRIPT
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
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Effect of Weight on Rocket Altitude
Aaron Most
Liberty University
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EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E &
Abstract'
(roble)*+uestion'
(ur,ose' To deter)ine the effect of a rockets -eight on the altitude achieved(roble)' %oes -eight of a rocket effect the altitude of a rocket.
Literature Revie-'
Five/ four/ three/ t-o/ one and engines roar to life0 Watching a rocket launch is a truly )otivating
e1,erience for all ages2 Model rocketry is an e1cellent -ay to study the sa)e scientific ,rinci,les that #A3A
uses -hen launching rockets to s,ace2 3tudents -ho engage in )odel rocketry learn firsthand factors such as
#e-ton4s la-s of )otion/ aerodyna)ics/ thrust/ at)os,heric conditions/ etc2 in a ,ractical setting2
One of the biggest issues in rocketry is the -eight of the rocket2 n a full scale rocket/ the )a5ority of the
-eight is the rocket fuel2 The difficulty in getting a rocket to s,ace is not the altitude/ but it is the side-ays
tra5ectory so that the rocket doesn4t fall back to earth2 The s,eed it takes to kee, a rocket orbiting is tre)endous
and takes an enor)ous a)ount of fuel2 As it burns the fuel/ the rocket gets lighter/ allo-ing the thrust to
accelerate the rocket2
n )odel rocketry ho-ever/ the engine -eight is negligible co),ared to the rocket itself2 As the rocket is
first ignited/ hot gasses are forced out of a very tiny o,ening2 According to #e-ton4s third la- of )otion/ every
action has a reaction2 The force that is created by the hot gasses is kno-n as thrust -hich ,ro,els the rocket in
the o,,osite direction2 f the thrust of a rocket is directed in the o,,osite direction as the force of gravity/ the
rocket -ill lift off the ground ,ro,ortionate to the thrust created by the engine 6#olte/ &78&92
Mass has a direct effect on the lift of a rocket 6:enson/ &78892 #e-ton4s second la- of )otion describes
this relationshi, in ter)s of acceleration occurs -hen force acts u,on a )ass2 The greater the )ass of a rocket/
the )ore force it -ill take to accelerate the rocket2 f the a)ount of engine ,ro,ellant re)ains constant/ the
greater )ass -ill result in a decrease in acceleration2 The heavier rocket -ill not be able to achieve the sa)e
altitudes as a lighter rocket because of this variation -ith acceleration2
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EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E ;
Hypothesis:
f the -eight of a rocket is increased in incre)ents of &7 gra)s/ then there -ill be a ,ro,ortionate
decrease in the altitude achieved by the rocket/ because #e-ton4s second la- of )otion states that the greater
)ass of an ob5ect/ the greater force it )ust e1ert on the ob5ect to obtain acceleration2
Materials'
Launch ,ad
Launch rail
Alti)eter
:ody tube
:ody tube cou,lers Transition ,ieces
Centering rings
Thrust ,late
#ose cones
Tail cone
:ulkhead
Rail buttons (arachute
Motor )ounts
Fins
E,o1y
Ane)o)eter
(ad
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EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E ?
d2 3et control syste) -ith safety interlock in series -ith the launch s-itch/ and -ill use a launch
s-itch that returns to the offB ,osition -hen released 6#ational Association of Rocketry/ &78&92
e2 f )y rocket does not launch -hen ,ress the button of )y electrical launch syste)/ -ill
re)ove the launcher4s safety interlock or disconnect its battery/ and -ill -ait 7 seconds after
the last launch atte),t before allo-ing anyone to a,,roach the rocket 6#AR/ &78&92
2 Launch (re,
a2 Load rocket onto launch rail
b2 Connect electrical leads to the ignition s-itch
c2 Load alti)eter into the rocket
d2 Co),lete a check over of rocket condition/ electrical -iring/ and environ)ental factors
e2 3et a safety circle of 8@ feet
f2 Ensure that everyone is ,aying attention and is at a safe distance of at least ;7 feet 6#AR/ &78&92
D2 Launching'
a2 Launcher -ill call out a safety circle
b2 Launcher -ill connect leads to ,o-er source
c2 Launcher -ill insert safety key
d2 Launcher -ill call out a countdo-n / ,roceeding to launch the rocket at 8
2 Recovery 3yste)2
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EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E @
a2 Watch rockets flight in order to )ark the s,ot -here it -ill return to earth
b2 %o not atte),t to catch the rocket or recover )y rocket fro) ,o-er lines/ tall trees/ or other
dangerous ,laces 6#AR/ &78&92
%ata Collection'
After each launch/ the alti)eter saves a digital readout of ti)e and altitude for that given launch2
The ti)e scale is different for each launch/ because ti)e is read in certain intervals co),aring to the launch of
the rocket2 t also records )a5or )ilestones of the rockets ascent/ -hich are not sho-n in the chart2 Also/ the
data sho-s the averages for three launches at each -eight2
500g 520g 540g 560g 580g 600g
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EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 87
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
11/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 88
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
12/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8&
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
13/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8;
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
14/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8?
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
15/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8@
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%ata Analysis'
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7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
16/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8
Conclusion'
After )any trials and launches/ there are )any interesting correlations fro) the data2 According
to the second and third la-s of )otion/ as )ore -eight is added to the rocket there should be an altitude
decrease2 The @77g rocket did reach the highest altitude of &D2D )eters2 Contrary to -hat -as
hy,othesiGed ho-ever/ the @7g rocket reached the ne1t highest altitude -ith &&2? )eters2 This -as
closely follo-ed by the @7g rocket reached the ne1t highest altitude -ith &82 )eters2 These results
contradict the hy,othesiGed result2
There -ere )any as,ects of this e1,eri)ent that -ere affected by e1,eri)ental error2
Controlling the environ)ental conditions ,roved difficult as there are so )any factors that are at ,lay
-ith rocketry2 Te),erature/ hu)idity/ -ind s,eed/ -ind direction/ at)os,heric ,ressure/ and cloud
cover are all environ)ental factors that -ould have led to errors in the data2 To counteract this error/
several launches at each -eight -ere conducted2 "o-ever/ in order to truly see the effect of -eight on
altitude -ithout environ)ental error/ )ore than 5ust ; launches at each -eight -ould have to be
conducted2
This -ould be a consideration for future e1,eri)ents2 Conducting )ore trials at each -eight
-ould give a )ore accurate de,iction of ho- -eight effects altitude2 Another interesting Huestion that
-ould ste) fro) this e1,eri)ent -ould be -hether the -eight ,lace)ent affects the rocket4s altitude2
The -eight in this e1,eri)ent -as all ,laced in the nose cone2 What -ould ha,,en if the -eight -as
,laced in a different location inside the rocket. Finally/ ho- does fin=cant effect altitude. Canting the
fins of a rocket results in a s,inning )otion in flight/ )uch like the rifling of a gun barrel ,roduces s,in
on a bullet2 Canting the fins ,roduces a )uch )ore stable flight ,attern but energy is lost during the s,in
resulting in lost altitude2
References
-
7/24/2019 Science Experiment Proposal
17/17
EFFECT OF WE!"T O# ROC$ET ALTTU%E 8D
:enson/ T2 6&788/ Iuly 92 Rocket (rinci,les2 Retrieved #ove)ber ;/ &78?2
Model Rocket 3afety Code2 6&78&/ August 892 Retrieved #ove)ber ;/ &78?2
#olte/ 32 6&78&/ Ianuary 892 3cience and Model Rockets2 Retrieved #ove)ber ;/ &78?2