ScienceChapter 1- Lesson 3

Plants obtain air and sunlight directlyfrom their environments. Transportingwater and nutrients can be very difficult.

Nonvascular plantsare small andsurvive without atransport system.

Vascular plants can transport waterand nutrients to the top of thetallest trees.

Vascular plants are dividedinto seed plants and seedless plants. A seed contains an undeveloped plant, stored food, and a protective covering.

Seedless Plants

They produce spores. Aspore is a single cell thatcan develop into a new plant exactly like the plant that produced it.

Two Types of Seed Plants

1.Gymnosperm2.Angiosperm

Gymnosperm-a seed plant that does not produce flowers

Angiosperm-a seed plant thatproduces flowers (ex. rose bushes)

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

1. A plant is 65 feet tall and does not produce flowers. What conclusions can you draw about this plant?

2. How is height an advantage to some vascular plants?

What are roots?A root is the part of the plant that absorbswater and minerals, stores food, andanchors the plant. Roots absorb water

using fuzzy root hairs.

Vascular Plant RootsVascular Plant Roots are made of 3 parts:

1. Root Cap: covers the tip of the root

2. Epidermis: outer layer of a root3. Cortex: located under the

epidermis and stores food and nutrients

Four Types of Roots:

1.Aerial Roots2.Fibrous Roots3.Taproots4.Prop Roots

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

An area has many plants with taproots. Where would you expect to find underground water in this area?

Stems have 2 functions:1. it is a support structure2. serves as a transport system for the plant

Two types of cells make this transport System:

*Xylem- moves water and minerals up the plant*Phloem- moves sugars that are made

by the plant to other parts of the plant

The xylem and phloem areseparated by a layer called thecambium.

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

Why do most trees have woody stems?

What are leaves?

The leaves of a plant carry outphotosynthesis, or the food making process.

Plants need 3 materials to carry outPhotosynthesis:

1. sunlight2. water3. carbon dioxide

Transpiration

Transpiration is the loss of water througha plant’s leaves.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process in which“energy” is released from food (sugar)inside a cell. Cellular respiration occursin the mitochondria of cells.