Science: Benchmark #2 Review

Water and WatershedsSOL 6.1, 6.5 a-c, e-f

Water is known as a “universal solvent” because -

A) It dissolves in many other substancesB) It can dissolve lots of other substancesC) It is found on every planetD) It only exists as a liquid

B) It can dissolve lots of other substances

The property of water that helps its molecules stick together is -

F) The sides of the molecule are positive.G) The sides of the molecule are negative.H) One side of the molecule is negative and the

other is positive.J) Both sides are magnetic.

H) One side of the molecule is negative and the other is

positive.

Which description best describes the ability of the water molecule to show

cohesion and adhesion?

A) The negatively charged oxygen end of the molecule is attracted to the positively charged hydrogen end of the molecule.

B) The negatively charged hydrogen end of the molecule is attracted to the positively charged oxygen end of the molecule.

C) The overall charge of the water molecule is positive, causing a positive attraction for all water molecules.

D)The overall charge of the water molecule is negative, causing a negative attraction for all water molecules.

A) The negatively charged oxygen end of the molecule is attracted to

the positively charged hydrogen end of the molecule.

Which state of water is composed of molecules that are locked together?

F)LiquidG)SolidH)GasJ) Gel

G) Solid

The state of water that has molecules that move freely past each other is -

A)LiquidB)SolidC)GasD)Gel

C) Gas

Ice will float in water because -

F) Ice is more dense than liquid waterG) Ice is less dense than waterH) Water pushes the ice to the surfaceJ) The salt in the water makes the ice float

G) Ice is less dense than liquid water

When the acids in water dissolve away a rock, ____________ has occurred.

A)PollutionB)Physical weatheringC)Chemical weatheringD)Acid rain

C) Chemical Weathering

When water freezes in the cracks of rocks and then small pieces of the rock

break off, __________ has occurred.F) PollutionG) Physical WeatheringH) Chemical WeatheringJ) Acid Rain

G) Physical Weathering

All of the following are ways to conserve water except -

A)Watering the yard in the summerB)Correcting a dripping faucetC)Taking shorter showersD)Watering the yard and garden with rainwater

A) Watering the yard in the summer

We need to preserve and maintain our water resources. Which of the

following is NOT an important reason to do this?

F) Water is used to grow food.G) Water is important to our health.H) Water is an important source in recreation.J) Water is needed by our bodies.

H) Water is an important source of recreation.

Where is most of the water on Earth found?

A)The polar icecapsB)The oceansC)Underground aquifersD)Lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams

B) The oceans

Where is most of the fresh water on the Earth found?

F) Polar icecapsG) OceansH) Underground aquifersJ) lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams

F) Polar icecaps

When agriculture and human waste is added to watersheds decomposition

occurs. What does the decomposition process use up in the water?

A)NitrogenB)HydrogenC)OxygenD)Phosphorus

C) Oxygen

What abiotic factors are important in an aquatic ecosystem?

F) amphibians, vegetation, nutrients, nektonsG) grasses, trees, reptiles, amphibiansH) nektons, rocks, grasses, climateJ) Dissolved oxygen, salt, water temperature,

chemical contaminants

J) Dissolved oxygen, salt, water temperature, chemical

contaminants

Into what major body of water do the rivers of Tidewater empty?

A)Atlantic OceanB)Potomac RiverC)Hampton RoadsD)Chesapeake Bay

D) Chesapeake Bay

Most of Virginia’s largest rivers flow -

F) SoutheastG) NorthwestH) SouthwestJ) North

H) Southwest

The water from Virginia’s rivers and streams ultimately ends up in the -

A)Arctic OceanB)Atlantic OceanC)Gulf of MexicoD)Pacific Ocean

B) Atlantic Ocean

A “divide” as it relates to water systems is -

F) An imaginary line that separates two water systems

G) The place where rapids and waterfalls are found

H) A line that divides fresh water from salty water

J) A line that divides flowing water in half

F) An imaginary line that separates two water systems

Wetlands are extremely important for-

A)Picnic areasB)Water storageC)Deep sea fishingD)Water recreation

B) Water storage

An estuary is a -

F) Freshwater wetlandG) Place where freshwater meets saltwaterH) Saltwater wetlandJ)Freshwater pond

G) Place where freshwater meets saltwater

Estuaries are important to healthy watersheds because -

A)They provide access to the open seaB)They serve as spawning and nursery areas for

lots of wildlifeC)They reduce surge from ocean stormsD)They are pretty to look at

B) They serve as spawning and nursery areas for lots of wildlife

The Chesapeake Bay is an example of a/an -

F) OceanG) EstuaryH) RiverJ) Lake

G) Estuary

The greatest source of water pollution is -

A)AgricultureB)Fishing industryC)Water sportsD)Aquatic organisms

A) Agriculture

When monitoring the water quality of a stream, which measure would be

LEAST helpful?

F) FlowG) pHH) TemperatureJ) Salinity

A) Flow

To help control the nutrient pollution of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, which of the following is a practical

solution?A)Keep farmers from using fertilizer in

watershed areasB)Set limits on how much fertilizer can be usedC)Ban the use of all fertilizerD)Use time-released fertilizers in watershed

areas

B) Set limits on how much fertilizer can be used

Recycling is often resisted by industry because -

F) It is very expensiveG) It requires too much energyH) It is not importantJ) It is a hazard to the workplace

F) It is very expensive

The process in which water vapor, a gas, turns into a liquid is called -

A)SublimationB)CondensationC)EvaporationD)Degasification

B) Condensation

Which of the following, when added to water in large amounts cause water

pollution?I oxygenII fertilizer A) I, III, VIII snow B) I, II, V, VIIV hot water C) II, IV, VV bacteria D) III, V, VIVI sand

C) fertilizer, hot water, bacteria

During the process of evaporation, liquid water becomes -

A)Tiny drops of waterB)Separate atoms of waterC)Molecules of water vaporD)Atoms of hydrogen and oxygen

C) Molecule of water vapor

Which of these will cause water to change to ice?

A)Removing heat from waterB)Stirring the waterC)Adding salt to the waterD)Putting the water in the sunlight

A) Removing heat from the water

Water is often found as a liquid, but it has two other states. Which variable affects the state of water?

A)TemperatureB)DensityC)ChargeD)Volume

A) Temperature