science and jainism relations

• Consultant Neurologist - Ahmedabad, INDIA• Director of Neurosciences – Sterling Hospital• Prof. and head, Department of Neurology - VSGH• I.P. Chairman, National Jain Doctors’ Federation, INDIA

• International Coordinator, NJDF

July 2007 July 2007 New Jersey, USANew Jersey, USA

The contribution of Jain religionThe contribution of Jain religion

• Lord Mahavir (omniscient tirthankar parmatma) out of compassion, applied the Gyana for spiritual uplift and liberation of the soul. In addition, this path also leads to physical well being, mental peace, emotional control and total health of an individual undoubtedly.

• Also if practiced universally, Jain religion can bring universal peace, ecological balance and welfare of the universe : Global Religion

• What he preached, has turned out to be permanent and absolute truth – the super science. He was the great scientist earth has ever seen.

• His preachings and his vision were beyond Raga, Dwesha and Moha, so there is no reason to disbelieve, all that he said - Aptapurush

• Lord Mahavir (omniscient tirthankar parmatma) out of compassion, applied the Gyana for spiritual uplift and liberation of the soul. In addition, this path also leads to physical well being, mental peace, emotional control and total health of an individual undoubtedly.

• Also if practiced universally, Jain religion can bring universal peace, ecological balance and welfare of the universe : Global Religion

• What he preached, has turned out to be permanent and absolute truth – the super science. He was the great scientist earth has ever seen.

• His preachings and his vision were beyond Raga, Dwesha and Moha, so there is no reason to disbelieve, all that he said - Aptapurush

• One of the Oldest :

References are also in holy vedas. Tripitak has acknowledged

Chaturyama dharma and mentioned about lord Mahavir

• Great personalities and genius people were existing in India

between 500 BC to 300 AD. We have lost great opportunities,

to change the history and future of mankind.

• One of the Oldest :

References are also in holy vedas. Tripitak has acknowledged

Chaturyama dharma and mentioned about lord Mahavir

• Great personalities and genius people were existing in India

between 500 BC to 300 AD. We have lost great opportunities,

to change the history and future of mankind.

Jain PhilosophyJain Philosophy

• A complete philosophyA complete philosophy

• Complete knowledge

• Way of life & ethics

• Perfect way of liberation

• Ecology

• Classic karmic theory

• Anekant and Syadvada : principle of relativity and other

viewpoints

• Compatible with principles of modern science

Physics, biology, psychology, physiology & medicine (Life Science)

mathematics, astronomy and chemistry

Indian - Foreign dignitaries have written wonderful words of

praise

Jain PhilosophyJain Philosophy

• Anushreni Gatihi

• Bhedad Anuhu

• Tadbhav – Avyayam Nityam

• Upayogo Laxanam

• Sagninah Samanska

Is it a text book of science or a religion ?

How old is it ?

• Anushreni Gatihi

• Bhedad Anuhu

• Tadbhav – Avyayam Nityam

• Upayogo Laxanam

• Sagninah Samanska

Is it a text book of science or a religion ?

How old is it ?

I have taken help from experts.And I need your help and input…

Purpose of my talkPurpose of my talk

• To open vision

• Thought process

• Human welfare

• Uplift of soul

• Spread of Jain Thought

(No wish to convert)

• To open vision

• Thought process

• Human welfare

• Uplift of soul

• Spread of Jain Thought

(No wish to convert)

• Incentive for reading

• Need for Research

• Animal welfare

• Global peace

• Respect for whole

Indian Culture

• Incentive for reading

• Need for Research

• Animal welfare

• Global peace

• Respect for whole

Indian Culture

“This talk is completely dedicated to reinstate our faith in our religion”“This talk is completely dedicated to reinstate our faith in our religion”

Everybody wants EVIDENCERelevance and Context

The issue is how scientific our school is, and not of total scientific proof

Science and ReligionScience and Religion1. Two sides of the same coin

2. Science looks outward and religion looks inward : but both are

searching…..

3. Matter Vs. Soul : God

4. Experiment Vs. Experience

5. Languages are different, but there is no need for conflict. Both

are complimentary – Samanvaya

6. Science without religion is blind, religion without science is

lame. If science is the motion, religion is the direction

7. Look science with the eyes of religion and reversely

True religion should be free of fear, temptation and wrong methods

1. Two sides of the same coin

2. Science looks outward and religion looks inward : but both are

searching…..

3. Matter Vs. Soul : God

4. Experiment Vs. Experience

5. Languages are different, but there is no need for conflict. Both

are complimentary – Samanvaya

6. Science without religion is blind, religion without science is

lame. If science is the motion, religion is the direction

7. Look science with the eyes of religion and reversely

True religion should be free of fear, temptation and wrong methods

• Observations• Questions• Hypothesis

(Thinking)• Experiments• Theory/

quantifications or Principles

• Prediction• Prove/Disprove/

modify• THEORY:

Applications • More Q’s… pyramid builds

up ..unending pursuit….TOE

• Observations• Questions• Spiritual Practices• Meditation• Enlightenment • Principles• Path• Practice• Moksha/ Nirvan: The goal is

achieved

Science Religion

MethodologyMethodology

• Problem in decoding verses• Words have changed meaning• Translator’s or scriptwriter’s

errors, language, memory, time

• Missing of Texts.• Poor understanding by science.• Knowledge-evidence based-

is evolving. e.g. Plant kingdom.

• Problem in decoding verses• Words have changed meaning• Translator’s or scriptwriter’s

errors, language, memory, time

• Missing of Texts.• Poor understanding by science.• Knowledge-evidence based-

is evolving. e.g. Plant kingdom.

• I am proud of science : Limitation : Laboratory based : Iceberg• Science – knowledge is still evolving e.g. plants• It changes every time with change in evidence• Our senses have limitations. Also dimension theory• Several parallel worlds• Religion has absolute truth : Shashwat : Faith bound

• I am proud of science : Limitation : Laboratory based : Iceberg• Science – knowledge is still evolving e.g. plants• It changes every time with change in evidence• Our senses have limitations. Also dimension theory• Several parallel worlds• Religion has absolute truth : Shashwat : Faith boundThe Problems in understanding

Texts

SectionsSections

1.Basic Sciences

2.Science behind Jain tenets and practices (Meditation .. etc)

3.Ahaarvigyan (Food Philosophy)

4.Medical Sciences (Life Sciences)

5.Allied Sciences

1.Basic Sciences

2.Science behind Jain tenets and practices (Meditation .. etc)

3.Ahaarvigyan (Food Philosophy)

4.Medical Sciences (Life Sciences)

5.Allied Sciences

Lord Mahavir & Scientists Lord Mahavir & Scientists

Basic SciencesBasic Sciences

• Samyag Darshan Gyan Charitrani Mokshamargah:

- Purpose & essence of Tatwarthadhigam sutra is Moksha through ratnatraya

- To achieve moksha, one must know the dravya,

tatva & the causation of karmabandh. Then to understand the way of liberation. Hence, we have to study physics, biology, astronomy, types of knowledge,characteristics of soul,matter, time and space, stages of evolution of soul.

• As if Science and Religion is one and inseparable

• Samyag Darshan Gyan Charitrani Mokshamargah:

- Purpose & essence of Tatwarthadhigam sutra is Moksha through ratnatraya

- To achieve moksha, one must know the dravya,

tatva & the causation of karmabandh. Then to understand the way of liberation. Hence, we have to study physics, biology, astronomy, types of knowledge,characteristics of soul,matter, time and space, stages of evolution of soul.

• As if Science and Religion is one and inseparable

Tatwarthadhigam SutraTatwarthadhigam Sutra

The 1st ever written complete text book of science……(also in samaysaar, niyamsaar and pravachansaar)The 1st ever written complete text book of science……(also in samaysaar, niyamsaar and pravachansaar)

Tatvarthsutra

1st complete book of science of mankind

Tatvarthsutra

1st complete book of science of mankind

1. Categories of Truth

2. Nature of the soul

3. The lower & middle regions (Astronomy)

4. The Gods (Devas)

5. Substances (Dravya)

6. Inflow of Karma (Ashrava)

7. The vows

8. The Karmic Bondage

9. Inhibiting & wearing off Karma (Samvar, Nirjara)

10. Liberation (Moksha)

1. Categories of Truth

2. Nature of the soul

3. The lower & middle regions (Astronomy)

4. The Gods (Devas)

5. Substances (Dravya)

6. Inflow of Karma (Ashrava)

7. The vows

8. The Karmic Bondage

9. Inhibiting & wearing off Karma (Samvar, Nirjara)

10. Liberation (Moksha)

Section I : Basic Sciences

PHYSICS Atoms

Section I : Basic Sciences

PHYSICS Atoms

Atomic ScienceAtomic Science

Atom - indivisible unit.

Atom - indivisible unit.

Tatwarth Sutra : P.P.Umaswatiji : 1st CenturyTatwarth Sutra : P.P.Umaswatiji : 1st Century

Anavah skandhas chaAnavah skandhas cha- Matter has two varieties : 5/25 - Matter has two varieties : 5/25 atoms & clusters.atoms & clusters.

Samghata-bhedebhya- - Clusters are produced by 5/26utpadyante fission, fusion or both.

Samghata-bhedebhya- - Clusters are produced by 5/26utpadyante fission, fusion or both.

Bhedad anuh - Atom is the final product 5/27 of fission-disintegration.

Bhedad anuh - Atom is the final product 5/27 of fission-disintegration.

• Bheda-samghatabhyam caksusah - 5/28 The visibility of clusters is produced by the combination of disintegration & reintegration.

• Bheda-samghatabhyam caksusah - 5/28 The visibility of clusters is produced by the combination of disintegration & reintegration.• Utpada-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktam sat - 5/29 Origin, cessation & persistence constitute existence.

• Utpada-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktam sat - 5/29 Origin, cessation & persistence constitute existence.• Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30 What remains as it is : eternal : Universal

• Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30 What remains as it is : eternal : Universal


• Snigdha-ruksatvad bandhah – Atomic

5/32 integration is due to their

positive &

negative charge ( tactile qualities of

viscosity & dryness )

• Snigdha-ruksatvad bandhah – Atomic

5/32 integration is due to their

positive &

negative charge ( tactile qualities of

viscosity & dryness )


• Na jaghanyagunanam - There cannot be

integration of atoms (and clusters) that

possess the minimum one degree of

difference (viscosity or dryness) 5/33

• Na jaghanyagunanam - There cannot be

integration of atoms (and clusters) that

possess the minimum one degree of

difference (viscosity or dryness) 5/33

• Gunasamye sadrasanam - Atoms with similar

(same degree of) charges cannot integrate. 5/34

• Gunasamye sadrasanam - Atoms with similar

(same degree of) charges cannot integrate. 5/34


Subatomic Particles

• Description of subatomic particles is mind-boggling. 4 different types of qualities of atoms have been described ( Sheet-snigdha, Sheet-ruksha, Ushna-snigdha, Ushna-ruksha)

• Two types of matter (a) with charge (b) without charge (Photon, Graviton, Gluon)

• Dravya naya: Total Quantity of Atoms is Constant Paryaya naya : Changeable

• Divisions & Subdivisions of Atoms are Plenty Small & Big, Cause & Effect Atoms , Dravya &

Bhava Atoms, Atoms carrying Touch,Smell,Vision etc. Qualities.

Here, formation of matter, concept of universal

matter, atomic fusion, integration &

disintegration of matter,constancy &

transformability of objects - all high principles of

atomic science-physics are discussed. The

concepts of subatomic particles are even mind

boggling.

Here, formation of matter, concept of universal

matter, atomic fusion, integration &

disintegration of matter,constancy &

transformability of objects - all high principles of

atomic science-physics are discussed. The

concepts of subatomic particles are even mind

boggling.


Aren’t you Surprised ? KEWALGYANA

Applied Physics Applied Physics

• Ajivakaya dharmadharma kasa pudgalah : 5/1

Dravyani jivas cha : 5/2 kalaschetyeke : 5/38

• Media of dharma (motion) & adharma

(inertia-rest), space, matter and souls are

Dravyas (substances). Time is also a

substance according to some preachers.

• Ajivakaya dharmadharma kasa pudgalah : 5/1

Dravyani jivas cha : 5/2 kalaschetyeke : 5/38

• Media of dharma (motion) & adharma

(inertia-rest), space, matter and souls are

Dravyas (substances). Time is also a

substance according to some preachers.

Adharmastikaya

• All that we see in universe is

4% matter

1% dark matter

75% dark energy – is it Adharmastikaya

or is it supporting the inertia as against

Dharmastikaya which supports motion

• Vartana parinamah kriya paratva - paratve cha kalasya : 5/22

The functions of time are :

• Becoming ( Inspiring ), change, motion & sequence.

Research area

• Time in physics : several, but not related (six)

Absolute time, astronomical time, change etc.

• Vartana parinamah kriya paratva - paratve cha kalasya : 5/22

The functions of time are :

• Becoming ( Inspiring ), change, motion & sequence.

Research area

• Time in physics : several, but not related (six)

Absolute time, astronomical time, change etc.


• Sarira-van-manah-prana-panah pudgalanam : 5/19 * Matter functions as the material cause of body, speech, mind & breath.

• Sarira-van-manah-prana-panah pudgalanam : 5/19 * Matter functions as the material cause of body, speech, mind & breath.

• Sukha-dukha-jivita-maranopagrahas cha : 5/20

* The production of pleasure, pain, life & death is also due to matter (chemical properties).

Research area

• Sukha-dukha-jivita-maranopagrahas cha : 5/20

* The production of pleasure, pain, life & death is also due to matter (chemical properties).

Research area


ThoughtThought

• SPECT studies :

Mana, vachana, kaya, Pudgala.

• SPECT studies :

Mana, vachana, kaya, Pudgala.

Mati : Smruti : Sangya chintaabhinibodh ityanarthantaram

• Mati (knowledge about existing thing), memory, recall, thinking process and conclusion is matigyana. And this is the function of senses and mind.

• Thoughtfulness & perception, discrimination between good

& bad, useful & harmful are all functions of mind.

• Mind has two aspects : 1) Physical 2) Psychic mind

• Science does not know about Dravyamana & Bhavamana so far. However, if we take mind as interface between the consciousness and intellect, then we can explain.

Mati : Smruti : Sangya chintaabhinibodh ityanarthantaram

• Mati (knowledge about existing thing), memory, recall, thinking process and conclusion is matigyana. And this is the function of senses and mind.

• Thoughtfulness & perception, discrimination between good

& bad, useful & harmful are all functions of mind.

• Mind has two aspects : 1) Physical 2) Psychic mind

• Science does not know about Dravyamana & Bhavamana so far. However, if we take mind as interface between the consciousness and intellect, then we can explain.

PsychologyPsychology

• Intellectuals have both minds. Only psychic mind doesn’t help in the thought process.

• Sangninah samanaska : 2/25

• The higher developed the mind, the animal will be more intelligent.

(Devas,Narakas,Garbhaj (womb) human & Garbhaj animals have higher mind.)

• Concept of psychotherapy and psychic treatment.

• Intellectuals have both minds. Only psychic mind doesn’t help in the thought process.

• Sangninah samanaska : 2/25

• The higher developed the mind, the animal will be more intelligent.

(Devas,Narakas,Garbhaj (womb) human & Garbhaj animals have higher mind.)

• Concept of psychotherapy and psychic treatment.

Biology

• Classification of living beings

• Ekendriya, Beyindriya …. Panchendriya

• Tras, sthaavar

• Concept of Pratyek and Sadharan

• Nigod

• Sammurchhim jiva

Plant Kingdom

They have leshya, kashaya, instincts and feelings (perceptions).

(1) Leshya : Colourful plants : Nilleshya

thorns, bad smells : Kapot

(2) Kashaya : Carrots, potato : Lobha : accumulation

Coloured plants : Maya

Eating food can change our thought process

(3) Instincts : Ahaar, fear, accumulation

and reproduction.

(4) Samvedana (feelings)

: Dr.Jagdishchandra Bose : Pain : Shame – Lajamani

: Mr.T.N.Singh : Effect of music on plants

: Dr.Bexter : Trees keep watch even on spiders

• Upayogo lakshanam : 2/8▪ Sentinence is the defining characteristic of the soul. Constant

awareness, consciousness & application of knowledge is upayoga.

Dravyasangraha

▪ The one that survives, applies knowledge, does not disintegrate (does not die), is Karta and is equal to the proportion of body is called Jeeva.

• Parasparopagraho Jivanam : 5/21The function of the soul is to render services –

usefulness - to one another.

Each soul is entangled with all the rest in the

universe. We are influenced by the rest (Non-violence).

• Upayogo lakshanam : 2/8▪ Sentinence is the defining characteristic of the soul. Constant

awareness, consciousness & application of knowledge is upayoga.

Dravyasangraha

▪ The one that survives, applies knowledge, does not disintegrate (does not die), is Karta and is equal to the proportion of body is called Jeeva.

• Parasparopagraho Jivanam : 5/21The function of the soul is to render services –

usefulness - to one another.

Each soul is entangled with all the rest in the

universe. We are influenced by the rest (Non-violence).

Applied BiologyApplied Biology

• The inertial mass of a particle is a result of the “interaction” of mass of other bodies in the rest of the universe

Extending it to life• Life: Life of even the smallest being is a result of

“interaction” of life in the rest of the universe.

“No one can survive by himself” That is if I destroy all life for this earth, I will automatically cease to exist. So when I destroy any life, I also destroy a part of myself.

This immediately leads to the principle of non-violence

MACH’s PrincipleMACH’s Principle

• Entanglement: EPR paradox

Whatever happened to one particle would thus immediately affect the other particle, wherever in the universe it may be.

Einstein called this "Spooky action at a distance."

We are all entangledWe are all entangled

Dharma has many meanings• True nature• The Path• Is there an absolute Dharma (Path) which

the nature has shown us

The answer is yes

DharmaDharma

Live and Let LiveNon Violence

Anushreni Gatihi : 2/27 Avigraha Jivasya : 2/28

The movement of souls (as well as matter)

is in straight line (unless there is an

external force.)

The liberated soul moves straight.

• Classification of substance (Dravya). Classification of matter.

Classification of Jiva (Soul).

• Unit of space (pradesh), unit of time (samaya) and unit of matter (anu) : are unique to Jainism.

• Classification of substance (Dravya). Classification of matter.

Classification of Jiva (Soul).

• Unit of space (pradesh), unit of time (samaya) and unit of matter (anu) : are unique to Jainism.

AstronomyAstronomy

• Description of Earth : Bharat & Airawat.

• Other lokas : Interpretation problems.

• Life in earth,water,fire,air & plant : Mobile & immobile (Jagdishchandra).

• Recent notes : air is having living beings & life.

• The eternal truth of Tripadi.

• Matter (and objects) have always dual virtue :

eternity (dravya) & nonversatility (paryaya) both at the same time.

Quantum physics and anekantvada

• Matter has its own space.Space contains matter.

If matter is zero, then space is zero.

• The eternal truth of Tripadi.

• Matter (and objects) have always dual virtue :

eternity (dravya) & nonversatility (paryaya) both at the same time.

Quantum physics and anekantvada

• Matter has its own space.Space contains matter.

If matter is zero, then space is zero.

• Karmavada is the heart of Jain darshan

&

• Anekant-Syadvada is the brain of Jain darshan.

• Karmavada has some relevance with genetic coding

also. Also it explains principle of causality of physics.

Karmic bonds are atomic, is a unique theory.

Research area

• Karmavada is the heart of Jain darshan

&

• Anekant-Syadvada is the brain of Jain darshan.

• Karmavada has some relevance with genetic coding

also. Also it explains principle of causality of physics.

Karmic bonds are atomic, is a unique theory.

Research area

• Mahaviracharya 9th Century

• Ganitsaar sangraha : 9 chapters

• Algebra, Geometry and Arithmatics

Square root, Cube root, Time, Interest, Fractions

• Joytishpatal : Not available at present

• Swayambhuv, Adinath, Devnandi, etc.

• Fractions in Jain Literature : Suryapragnapti

• Fractions in Tatvartha sutra (Ch.III – Bhashya)

MathematicsMathematics

Science cannot progress without maths. Maths is above all sciences, as there is no provision for

conflict or ambiguity.

1. Subjects common to science and Jain scriptures:

Astronomy: Surya Pragyapti, Chandra Pragyapti, Geography (3rd chapter of Tattavartha Sutra: primitive, Nature of physical Universe (T.S.Chapter 5: jiva/Ajiva, Energy, forces etc) can be tested.

2. Subjects exclusive to Jain Darshan

Atma, Karma, Moksha etc have not (yet) come under purview of science

3. Operative Principles: some may be common to spiritual and physical domains

Jainism

Non-violence, Anekantavad, Saptabhangi, Dharma, Karma theory Krambaddha-Paryay

Physics

Quantum mechanics, Causality, Entanglement, Determinism,

Mach’s Principle, Evolution

Biology……

plant life, invisible forms

Domains of Science and Jain Scriptures

Domains of Science and Jain Scriptures

Common principles of science as embodied in Religion


1) Reality : Physical realities - can be taken to laboratory, as Science is evidence based.

1.Matter and Energy

2.Energy Fields (Action at a distance)

3.- Electricity, Magnetism and Light (EM Force)

- Strong nuclear force

- Weak Nuclear force (EM, weak force)

- Gravitation force

4.Space and Time

• Jain darshan dwells on realities.

1) Six Substances ( matter, time, space, motion / energy, inertia & jiva)

2) Nine elements.

1) Reality : Physical realities - can be taken to laboratory, as Science is evidence based.

1.Matter and Energy

2.Energy Fields (Action at a distance)

3.- Electricity, Magnetism and Light (EM Force)

- Strong nuclear force

- Weak Nuclear force (EM, weak force)

- Gravitation force

4.Space and Time

• Jain darshan dwells on realities.

1) Six Substances ( matter, time, space, motion / energy, inertia & jiva)

2) Nine elements.

2) Pudgal : Purayati va Galayati va.

- Matter changes forms, disintegrates & reintegrates.

- But, the total mass remains constant. • Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30

- What remains as it is : eternal : Universal

2) Pudgal : Purayati va Galayati va.

- Matter changes forms, disintegrates & reintegrates.

- But, the total mass remains constant. • Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30

- What remains as it is : eternal : Universal



3) Motion & Inertia : Dharmastikaya &

Adharmastikaya.

• They help motion or static property of Jiva &

pudgala, just by their nature. That is

their

function.

3) Motion & Inertia : Dharmastikaya &

Adharmastikaya.

• They help motion or static property of Jiva &

pudgala, just by their nature. That is

their

function.



4) Quantum theory of Max Planck :

• Energy is radiated in quanta.

• Disintegration and reintegration is the nature of matter.

• Thus objects can disintegrate but can reintegrate elsewhere.

4) Quantum theory of Max Planck :

• Energy is radiated in quanta.

• Disintegration and reintegration is the nature of matter.

• Thus objects can disintegrate but can reintegrate elsewhere.



Max Planck

• Jain syadvad is a conceptual thinking. It applies not only

to matter which is visible, but everywhere. It is so

perfectly designed-it can never be challenged. It accounts

the other view points and different references.

- Vyavhar satya - Nischaya satya.

• It also explains the relativity principle of matter, but is

more philosophical. If understood & applied, worldly

quarrels will stop forever.

• Jain syadvad is a conceptual thinking. It applies not only

to matter which is visible, but everywhere. It is so

perfectly designed-it can never be challenged. It accounts

the other view points and different references.

- Vyavhar satya - Nischaya satya.

• It also explains the relativity principle of matter, but is

more philosophical. If understood & applied, worldly

quarrels will stop forever.

5) Syadvad – Relativity Anekantvad - multifacedness5) Syadvad – Relativity Anekantvad - multifacedness



• Laws governing Macro world and micro-world are different: Classical (Whole= sum of the parts) Quantum (dual behavior of electron or photon)

• Some states in quantum world are indescribableWhat is called avyakta. Seven such states are possible: May be yes, May be No, May be both, may be indescribable, may be yes and indescribable, May be No and indescribable, May be both and indescribable (Saptabhangi)

• As we go to the world of finer and finer (sukshma--------) particles, new properties (or attributes) come into play ( In science they are termed as quantum numbers or states) and all do not exist at once. Many of them could be contradictory properties. This is the basic nature of certain things

(multifacedness = Anekantavad) .

Thus I have argued that anekantavad is a physical reality

Laws of PhysicsLaws of Physics

6) Telepathy + : ManahparyavGyan / ShrutGyan 6) Telepathy + : ManahparyavGyan / ShrutGyan

7) Television, Radio, Telefax : AvadhiGyan (space & time)

7) Television, Radio, Telefax : AvadhiGyan (space & time)

8) Teleporting & Recent experiments : Aharak

sharir.

8) Teleporting & Recent experiments : Aharak

sharir.



9) Properties of sound : Anuyogadwara Sutra

Music & its effect on body : Malkauns Music (sound) can affect health, mental peace, temperament and fate.

• Chanting mantra (Alignment & Sound)

• Science of yantra (shape & form with momentum) 12th Drastiwad : 14 purva

9) Properties of sound : Anuyogadwara Sutra

Music & its effect on body : Malkauns Music (sound) can affect health, mental peace, temperament and fate.

• Chanting mantra (Alignment & Sound)

• Science of yantra (shape & form with momentum) 12th Drastiwad : 14 purva



•

04/08/23

Various modes of music mentioned in Ajitshanti stotra are useful as remedies.

Malkauns & Deshana

Anuyogadwara Sutra, Samveda

and Gandharvaveda

Mr. Emoto decided to see what effects music had upon the structure of water. He placed distilled water between two speakers for several hours while playing music and then photographed the crystals that formed after the water was frozen. The results of the effects of these two very different types of music speak for themselves.

This is the effect of Bach’s “Air for the G String”

This is the effect of Heavy Metal Music

A Yantra is a graphic representation of the sound of Mantra

Mr. Emoto decided to see how thoughts and words affected the formation of untreated, distilled water crystals by typing words onto paper and then taping them on glass bottles overnight.

These are effects of the words “Love and Appreciation”

These are the effects of “You make me sick. I will kill you!”

Effect of sound - chanting

Physiology in Jain ScripturesPhysiology in Jain Scriptures

• Various types of bone-joints which are called SAMGHAYANs, number of ribs, position and weight of various parts representing Anatomy of Human body are discussed.

• There are also some references about embryology in Tandulveyaliya payanna.

• Reproductive systems and the abilities of men and women are also described in literature.

• Various types of bone-joints which are called SAMGHAYANs, number of ribs, position and weight of various parts representing Anatomy of Human body are discussed.

• There are also some references about embryology in Tandulveyaliya payanna.

• Reproductive systems and the abilities of men and women are also described in literature.

Science behind Jain tenets and practices

Science behind Jain tenets and practices

• Samayik :- Samatvabhava - karmanirjara - way to liberation

Samata towards living beings : No raga – dwesha

Samata towards objects : No moha – shoka

• Pratikraman

• Samatva followed by meditation & Kayotsagra

with six requisites (Shad Avashyak)

• Creates blissful state.

• Presence of Gurudeva – so you are

stress free, guilt free, disease free.

This is followed by prayaschita and sadhana

• Prayaschitta takes care of past tense

• Vishuddhi takes care of present tense

• Vishalya takes care of future tense

• Samayik :- Samatvabhava - karmanirjara - way to liberation

Samata towards living beings : No raga – dwesha

Samata towards objects : No moha – shoka

• Pratikraman

• Samatva followed by meditation & Kayotsagra

with six requisites (Shad Avashyak)

• Creates blissful state.

• Presence of Gurudeva – so you are

stress free, guilt free, disease free.

This is followed by prayaschita and sadhana

• Prayaschitta takes care of past tense

• Vishuddhi takes care of present tense

• Vishalya takes care of future tense

• The Tapas (Penance) :

Bahya :

• Anashan,

• Unodari,

• Vrutisankshep,

• Rastyaga,

• Kayaklesha,

• Samlinata.

• The Tapas (Penance) :

Bahya :

• Anashan,

• Unodari,

• Vrutisankshep,

• Rastyaga,

• Kayaklesha,

• Samlinata.

Abhyantar :

• Prayaschita,

• Vinaya,

• Veyavacha,

• Swadhyaya,

• Kayotsarga, • Meditation.

MEDITATION, ITS TECHNIQUES AND ITS

SCIENCE

MeditationJaindhyana MeditationJaindhyana

• Dharmadhyana & shukladhyana…

excellent remedy for all types of health.

• Jain religion is Bhavadharma,so meditation is

of utmost importance.

• Several types of meditations.

• Samayik & kayotsarga are super meditations.

• Kayotsarga takes care of asana and

pratyahaar.

• Preksha, vipashyana, granthibheda and

atmadhyana.

• Dharmadhyana & shukladhyana…

excellent remedy for all types of health.

• Jain religion is Bhavadharma,so meditation is

of utmost importance.

• Several types of meditations.

• Samayik & kayotsarga are super meditations.

• Kayotsarga takes care of asana and

pratyahaar.

• Preksha, vipashyana, granthibheda and

atmadhyana.

What is meditation ?What is meditation ?

• Exercise of mind to keep it healthy and clean, as we do for body.

• A state of altered consciousness.

• Fourth stage of consciousness.

• Spiritual ecstasy with neurological manifestation.

• Not really a Hallucination

Rituals

Morality

Character

Charity

RELIGION

KarmayogaKarmayogaDevotionDevotion

PhilosophyPhilosophyMeditation

SpiritualitSpiritualityy

Meditation techniques• Focus on Breathing

• Focus on an object

• Focus on a sound

• Focus on a thought

• Focus on sensual object

• Focus on sensory perception

• Imagery

• Soul meditation

http://creative.gettyimages.com/source/search/ImageEnlarge.aspx?MasterID=200181162-001&s=ImageDetailSearchState%7C3%7C5%7C0%7C15%7C2%7C1%7C0%7C0%7C1%7C25%7C60%7C2ed3.d7c5.03ff.e000.002f.76b0.7ce0%7C1%7C0%7C%22Focus%3AConcepts%22+or+%22Focus%3AImage+Technique%22%7C%7C1%7C0&pk=6

Meditation-Techniques

• Vipashyana : To see –To observe ( Buddha)

- Breathing - Thoughts - Body and perception of sensations

• Prekshadhyana : To see –To observe( Jain)

- Breathing (Shwas-Preksha) - Thoughts (Vichar-Preksha) - Body (Sharir-Preksha) - Mind (Anupreksha) - Leshyadhyana etc

Effect of meditating music

BETA: Alert/Working14-20 waves per second

ALPHA: Relaxed/Reflecting 8-13 waves per second

THETA: Drowsy/Meditating 4-7 waves per second

DELTA: Sleep/Dreaming3-4 waves per second

DELTA: Deep & Dreamless Sleep .5-2 waves per sec

SPECT Images at Baseline and During Meditation

Baseline Meditation

Prefrontal Cortex Prefrontal Cortex

SuperiorParietal Lobe

SuperiorParietal Lobe

Baseline Meditation

SPECT Images at Baseline and During Meditation

• Increase rCBF in frontal area and shut down of OAA in parietal area is the key finding.

• This is not hallucination.

• All Meditators have same findings.

Summary of SPECT findings

AhaarvigyanAhaarvigyan

• The philosophy of food : Quantitative &

Qualitative (satva,Rajas,Tamas)

• Modern science has confined at determining the

caloric values and its classification into vitamins,

proteins and carbohydrate content.

• The jain school of thought has gone deep into

subtler properties of various types of food items

and deal with its psychic as well as physical

effects.

• The philosophy of food : Quantitative &

Qualitative (satva,Rajas,Tamas)

• Modern science has confined at determining the

caloric values and its classification into vitamins,

proteins and carbohydrate content.

• The jain school of thought has gone deep into

subtler properties of various types of food items

and deal with its psychic as well as physical

effects.

Section III : Ahaarvigyan

Purity of Food is necessary for Purity of Soul

Vigai is a Rajsik food, while Mahavigai is a Tamsik food so every one should abstain form Mahavigai. Science of Tithi

habitsTypes of Ahaar• Prakshepahar• Ojahar• Lomahar

(c) Boiling & filtering water

(d) Life of Different food items : Flour (3,5,7)

& mixing

• Long before existence of microscopic life was

shown and plants were considered to be

living by modern science, these facts were

well established in jain philosophy and

formed the foundations of complex practice

as a corollary of nonviolence, which is the

basic tenet of Jainism.

• That is why there is severe restriction on

Ratribhojan and drinking water without

boiling. Also to avoid Kandmul like potato and

similar anantkaya plants.

• Long before existence of microscopic life was

shown and plants were considered to be

living by modern science, these facts were

well established in jain philosophy and

formed the foundations of complex practice

as a corollary of nonviolence, which is the

basic tenet of Jainism.

• That is why there is severe restriction on

Ratribhojan and drinking water without

boiling. Also to avoid Kandmul like potato and

similar anantkaya plants.

Ratribhojan – Terrible sinRatribhojan – Terrible sin

• Physiologically at night : Slow metabolism, Decreased

activity Indigestion.

• Absence of sun light : Excess of organisms.

• Sunlight can kill them and control pollution.

• Rule of 48 minutes (for sheet yoni microscopic

jiva).

• Best digestion is at the middle of the day.

• Ayurveda preaches this for positive health

purposes.

• Allopathy for metabolic purposes.

• Rajnishji for celebacy

Austerities Austerities

To use very limited items and with caution, is a practice

of non violence. Collectiveness and overutilization is

violence

• Biyasana : Disciplined eating habits. No junk. Boiled water. No food & water after sunset.

• Ekasana : Rest to body so next day stronger. Avoid abhakshya, anatkaya & apathya food, so no perversions. Only eat moderate amount and satvik food.

• Ayambil : Dry : Avoid vigai. So control of pitta & cough. No spices. Control over tongue, therefore all other senses. Auli to be done twice a year at Sandhikaal.

• Fast : 36 hours (a) Tivihaar (b) Chauvihar.

TithivigyanTithivigyan

• Tithivigyan : uplift of individual soul and welfare of all living beings are central themes of jain religion.

• Avoid lilotaries on twelve tithis, auli days and paryushana.

• According to lord mahavir, the fate of next birth is created as per the deeds done during these days. So do more religious activities and avoid sachitta.

• Scientifically it helps in balancing PH & water element during these days (as per lunar cycles).

Vigai - Mahavigai

• Vigai : Perversion.

• Mahavigai : Worst perversion.

• The food objects which change the natural tendencies of body, mind and soul and pervert them are vigai.

• Vigai : 6 : Milk, curd, ghee, oil, jaggary – sugar, fried items & sweet objects.

• Mahavigai : 4 : Butter, honey, eggs-meat-fish, alcoholNon-veg : Saprophytes Alcohol : Pramad, Chitnash etc 16 doshas.Honey : To obtain it we have to kill many

bees.

Medical Sciences(Life Sciences)

Medical Sciences(Life Sciences)

Section IV : MEDICAL SCIENCES (LIFE SCIENCES)

TOTAL HEALTH SCIENCE

Section IV : MEDICAL SCIENCES (LIFE SCIENCES)

TOTAL HEALTH SCIENCE

Positive health gaining and

prevention & treatment of

major diseases by

JAIN RELIGION

• Uttaradhyana• Brihadvritipatra• Vipak sutra • Acharang • Sukhbodh patra• Audh Niryukti • Sthanang sutra

• References of life sciences : how to live, how to avoid diseases and how to cure diseases and create positive health and long life; are available in jain agams.

• Therapeutics • Rasayan vidya • Doctor and therapy• Disease description• Disease description• Therapy• Causation of

diseaseRef : Acharaya Rajkumar Jain

Prevention of heart disease, stroke, cancer &

lifestyle diseases and creating positive health

Prevention of heart disease, stroke, cancer &

lifestyle diseases and creating positive health

• Rituals and six avashyak (Samayik & Pratikraman)

• Padayatra : Exercise

• Austerities

• Penance : Tapas

• Ahaarvigyan : Ayambil etc. Boiled water

• Avoiding ratribhojan (Research)

• Vigai : Milk, curd, ghee, oil, jeggary, fried objects, sweets. Mahavigai : Butter, honey, eggs-meat-non veg., alcohol.

• Tithivigyan : Religious, scientific, healthy way (ayurveda)

• Attitude, positive thoughts : Avoid four Kashaya

• Meditation and kayostarga

• Namaskar Mantra chanting

• Rituals and six avashyak (Samayik & Pratikraman)

• Padayatra : Exercise

• Austerities

• Penance : Tapas

• Ahaarvigyan : Ayambil etc. Boiled water

• Avoiding ratribhojan (Research)

• Vigai : Milk, curd, ghee, oil, jeggary, fried objects, sweets. Mahavigai : Butter, honey, eggs-meat-non veg., alcohol.

• Tithivigyan : Religious, scientific, healthy way (ayurveda)

• Attitude, positive thoughts : Avoid four Kashaya

• Meditation and kayostarga

• Namaskar Mantra chanting

Purification of mind – Purification of BodyPurification of mind – Purification of Body

Prevention of coronary disease

• Padyatra : Exercise

• Food habits : Satvik food. Avoid vigai.

• Austerities & Tapas : Weight reduction & healthy body-mind

• Attitudes : Mental and emotional peace.

• Samayik, pratikraman

• Meditation

Preventing & treating other diseases

• Prevention & treatment of :-

• GI diseases • Mental illness • Neurological illness • Cancer

• Positive health & long life

• We at National Jain Doctors’ Federation, did 4 major

conferences and discussed the subjects and I, as the

chairman of NJDF India, appeal to you to do extensive

research as you have better facilities.

• The other project, we have launched is SHRAMAN -

AROGYAM

For stress relief philosophical concept of Jainism, food types, austerity, penance and meditation are useful for all men and women

Meditation is one of the Abhyantar penance through which one could be relieved from stress, the miseries and karmic bondage.

SecularismSecularism

1.Navkar Mantra

2.Bhavbijankur Janana ….

1.Navkar Mantra

2.Bhavbijankur Janana ….

SutraSutra

• Navkar mantra.• Annath• Vanditu• Tijaypahutta….

• We should know their meanings, then only

we can add Bhava. Literal chanting does

help, but with knowledge it becomes 100

times more powerful.

• Navkar mantra.• Annath• Vanditu• Tijaypahutta….

• We should know their meanings, then only

we can add Bhava. Literal chanting does

help, but with knowledge it becomes 100

times more powerful.

16 Bhavanas

• 12 Bhavanas will relieve all ragas, dweshas

and will be important for liberation of soul.

• 4 Bhavanas are important guidelines for

interpersonal relationship which will create

mental peace and stop worldly quarrels.

Allied SciencesAllied Sciences

• Ecology ( Ahimsa,Aparigriha,Maitri )• Economy ( Lord Adinath : Asi, Masi,

Krushi,Vidya,Vanijya & Shilpa )

• Cosmology (Loka)

• Astrology• Metallergy • Chemistry

With evolution of Science, some religious beliefs have been disreputed however Jainism is rising due to its strong scientific basis


The subjects requiring further research.

• Disease prevention by jain attitude and life style

• Three types of Ahaar : (Siddhasen Diwakarji)

1) Ojahar 2) Lomahar 3) Prakshepahar.

(Kawal, Drugs,

Intravenous ) etc.

• Karmic theory and Genome project.

• The concept of autonomous human birth and the cloning of same kind of organisms.

Aura is directly related with Leshyas.

Colors of Leshyas mention the colors of Aura

Leshyas and colors of Aura denote the health of man and woman

Krishna, Neela and Kapota leshyas are harmful to health, while Tejo, padma and Shukla leshyas are useful for health.

References & Suggested Readings


1. Tatvarthsutra - P.Shri UmaswatijiSamaysaar - P.Shri.Kundkundacharya

2. Bhagavatisutra.3. Sutrakrutang.4. Acharang sutra : for psychology.5. Anuyogdwar sutra : for music etc.6. Dashvikalik sutra.

1. Tatvarthsutra - P.Shri UmaswatijiSamaysaar - P.Shri.Kundkundacharya

2. Bhagavatisutra.3. Sutrakrutang.4. Acharang sutra : for psychology.5. Anuyogdwar sutra : for music etc.6. Dashvikalik sutra.

7. Other Agams & Sutra.

8. Guideline of Jainism : Bhadrabahuvijay

9. Vigyan & Adhyatma :

-Pujya Amrendravijayji.

10. Cosmology old & new

-Prof.Jain

11. Scientific secrets of Jainism - P.Shri Nandigoshvijayji.

12. Science and spirituality – P.Shri Chandrashekar Vijayji

13. Dravya Sangraha

7. Other Agams & Sutra.

8. Guideline of Jainism : Bhadrabahuvijay

9. Vigyan & Adhyatma :

-Pujya Amrendravijayji.

10. Cosmology old & new

-Prof.Jain

11. Scientific secrets of Jainism - P.Shri Nandigoshvijayji.

12. Science and spirituality – P.Shri Chandrashekar Vijayji

13. Dravya Sangraha



13. Articles by several Experts and Scientists1. Dr.Narendra Bhandari (ISRO, Ahmedabad)

2. Dr.Anilkumar Jain (Ahmedabad)

3. Dr.Ashokkumar Jain (Gwalior)

4. Acharya Shri Kanaknandiji maharaj

5. Dr.L.C.Jain (Jabalpur)

6. Dr.Parasmal Agarwal (Udaipur)

7. Dr.Prakashchandra Jain (Sagar)

8. Dr.Rajmal Jain (Ahmedabad)

9. Dr.R.C.Jain (Ujjain)

10. Dr.P.C.Jain (Sagar)

11. Dr.Jitubhai Shah (Ahmedabad)

13. Articles by several Experts and Scientists1. Dr.Narendra Bhandari (ISRO, Ahmedabad)

2. Dr.Anilkumar Jain (Ahmedabad)

3. Dr.Ashokkumar Jain (Gwalior)

4. Acharya Shri Kanaknandiji maharaj

5. Dr.L.C.Jain (Jabalpur)

6. Dr.Parasmal Agarwal (Udaipur)

7. Dr.Prakashchandra Jain (Sagar)

8. Dr.Rajmal Jain (Ahmedabad)

9. Dr.R.C.Jain (Ujjain)

10. Dr.P.C.Jain (Sagar)

11. Dr.Jitubhai Shah (Ahmedabad)



My messageMy message

• Samyaka Darshan – Absolute faith in Jinwani

• Daily Swadhyaya - Reading scriptures

• Religion requires to be presented in the context

of science

• Do research

• Spread the knowledge and Darshan for global

welfare, as science needs direction

• Samyaka Darshan – Absolute faith in Jinwani

• Daily Swadhyaya - Reading scriptures

• Religion requires to be presented in the context

of science

• Do research

• Spread the knowledge and Darshan for global

welfare, as science needs direction

Michhami DukkadamMichhami Dukkadam

JAI JINENDRAJAI JINENDRA

Dharma has many meanings• True nature• The Path• Is there an absolute Dharma (Path) which

the nature has shown us

The answer is yes

DharmaDharma

Live and Let LiveNon Violence

► Humans

► Earth is 4.5 billion years old► Life appeared at 3.5 billion years ago

History of LifeHistory of Life

Life has evolved from unicellular to multi cellular insectstrees….mammals………..Humans.. New species with higher level of consciousness replace the

older species with lower level of consciousness, sometimes

gradually and sometimes suddenly. History of life is the evolution of consciousness. The scriptures talk about higher levels of gyan (or

consciousness).Some day Man will be replaced by a species of higher

conscious level”. This is the direction in which Nature is moving. This is the Path.

“If we help nature in pursuing that path, it is Dharma; if our action is against it, it is Adharma.” Who knows the next level of consciousness will evolve from

which species. So if we destroy any of the life bearing species, we hinder

the nature in its goal. it is adharma.

The Nature’s PathThe Nature’s Path

6) Syadvada & Theory of Relativity :

• General theory of relativity & special theory of relativity.

• These apply to the visible universe only and are entirely on fixed suppositions, where the

motion of light is considered fixed & rather

absolute for a reference.

• But, there are problems. Particles are

discovered faster than light (tachyon).

• According to Jain religion paramanu can be

propagated faster than light ( Shri

Bhagavatisutra).

6) Syadvada & Theory of Relativity :

• General theory of relativity & special theory of relativity.

• These apply to the visible universe only and are entirely on fixed suppositions, where the

motion of light is considered fixed & rather

absolute for a reference.

• But, there are problems. Particles are

discovered faster than light (tachyon).

• According to Jain religion paramanu can be

propagated faster than light ( Shri

Bhagavatisutra).



7) Matter & atoms : Science deals with matter & atoms.

• Movement & forms of atom have been largely studied in Jainism. Even the mind & thought process is atomic.

• Atom has enormous energy & matter has several properties right from, material cause of

body, speech, mind & breath to perceptions of

pleasure, pain & existence of life & achieving death.

7) Matter & atoms : Science deals with matter & atoms.

• Movement & forms of atom have been largely studied in Jainism. Even the mind & thought process is atomic.

• Atom has enormous energy & matter has several properties right from, material cause of

body, speech, mind & breath to perceptions of

pleasure, pain & existence of life & achieving death.



Anekantvada - Saptabhangi

EcologyEcology

1. Lord Adinath : Asi, Masi, Krushi,Vidya,Vanijya & Shilpa

1. Lord Adinath : Asi, Masi, Krushi,Vidya,Vanijya & Shilpa

ChemistryChemistry

1. Rasayan shastra1. Rasayan shastra


• Maths – The numericals, infinity, log tables and scales.



• Maths – The numericals, infinity, log tables and scales.



Are you aware ?Are you aware ?

3) Entropy : The second law of thermodynamics.

• Anything that is borne, starts travelling towards its end. Any object is always moving towards its end.

• Movement is duration.Duration means time.

• Duration of object is movement of object in time. This is the function of time.(vide 5/22)

• Exactly same principle is in Jainism.

3) Entropy : The second law of thermodynamics.

• Anything that is borne, starts travelling towards its end. Any object is always moving towards its end.

• Movement is duration.Duration means time.

• Duration of object is movement of object in time. This is the function of time.(vide 5/22)

• Exactly same principle is in Jainism.



1. Matter and Energy2. Energy Fields (Action at a distance)3. - Electricity, Magnetism and Light

(EM Force)- Strong nuclear force - Weak Nuclear force (EM, weak force)- Gravitation force

4. Space and Time

PhysicsPhysics

The universe can be built

With 61 sub atomic particles

The Material UniverseThe Material Universe

Three generations of particles • Ist generation: 2quarks (Down and Up)

+electron and its neutrino• IInd generation: 2 quarks (strange and

Charm) + mu meson and neutrino• III generation: 2 quarks (Bottom and

Top)+Tau meson and its neutrino

Numbers of ParticlesNumbers of Particles

• 6 quarks x 3colors each = 18 • and their antiparticles = 18• Gluons = 8• 6 leptons and their antiparticles = 12• 4 carriers of electromganetic forces = 4• Graviton: carrier of force of gravity = 1

( predicted but not yet discovered) Total building blocks of matter = 61

Basic ParticlesBasic Particles

Particle-Like Wave-Like

Dual Behavior of Electrons / PhotonsDual Behavior of

Electrons / Photons

• Fast : 36 hours (a) Tivihaar (b) Chauvihar.• Purpose : (a) sublimation & purification of soul

(b) self control (c) purification of body

• 1-2 / month to upto 30-45 days.

• Thus spiritual + physical advantages (Health & scientific purpose).

Austerities Austerities

Life is a condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects, i.e. non-life, and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, reproduction, and the power of adaptation to environment through changes originating internally. In physical terms, life is an organism that feeds on negative entropy.[1][2] In more detail, according to physicists such as John Bernal, Erwin Schrodinger, Wigner, and John Avery, life is a member of the class of phenomena which are open or continuous systems able to decrease their internal entropy at the expense of substances or free energy taken in from the environment and subsequently rejected in a degraded form (see: entropy and life).

Definition of Life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-life

1.Homeostasis: Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature.

2.Organization: Being composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life.

3.Metabolism: Consumption of energy by converting nonliving material into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism). Living things require energy to maintain internal organization (homeostasis) and to produce the other phenomena associated with life.

4.Growth: Maintenance of a higher rate of synthesis than catalysis. A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter. The particular species begins to multiply and expand as the evolution continues to flourish.

5.Adaptation: The ability to change over a period of time in response to the environment. This ability is fundamental to the process of evolution and is determined by the organism's heredity as well as the composition of metabolized substances, and external factors present.

6.Response to stimuli: A response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals. A response is often expressed by motion, for example, the leaves of a plant turning toward the sun or an animal chasing its prey.

7.Reproduction: The ability to produce new organisms. Reproduction can be the division of one cell to form two new cells. Usually the term is applied to the production of a new individual (either asexually, from a single parent organism, or sexually, from at least two differing parent organisms), although strictly speaking it also describes the production of new cells in the process of growth.

Definition of Life

• Living things are systems that tend to respond to changes in their environment, and inside themselves, in such a way as to promote their own continuation.[citation needed]

• Life is a characteristic of self-organizing, cannibalistic systems consisting of a population of replicators that are capable of mutation, around most of which homeostatic, metabolizing organisms evolve. This definition does not include flames, but does include worker ants, viruses and mules. Self reproduction and energy consumption is only one means for a system to promote its own continuation. This explains why bees can be alive and yet commit suicide in defending their hive. In this case the whole colony works as such a living system.

• Type of organization of matter producing various interacting forms of variable complexity, whose main property is to replicate almost perfectly by using matter and energy available in their environment to which they may adapt. In this definition "almost perfectly" relates to mutations happening during replication of organisms that may have adaptative benefits.

• Life is a potentially self-perpetuating open system of linked organic reactions, catalyzed simultaneously and almost isothermally by complex chemicals (enzymes) that are themselved produced by the open system.

Definition of Life