science and exploration: moon to mars · 2013. 5. 1. · science supports exploration space science...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Science and Exploration:
Moon to Mars
Dr. Jim GarvinNASA Chief ScientistExploration ConferenceOrlando, FloridaFeb. 1, 2005
![Page 2: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Enabling Exploration !
![Page 3: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Science supports Exploration
Space Science
“Discovery-oriented”
Comprehensive scientific
investigations into the
Origin, Evolution, and Destiny
of the Earth, Moon, Mars,
and Beyond
Exploration
Earth Science
“Prediction-oriented”
Boundary conditions
Higher-order questionsBasic inventorying
0th-order questions
LRO
![Page 4: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Exploration as a new “context”
Apollo
MER Oppty
SCIENCE will inform and guide Exploration...
![Page 5: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LRO
A First Step in Exploration : 2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
![Page 6: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Scientific Linkages: Moon Volatiles
CometsSolar Wind
The Moon
Giant Molecular CloudsInterplanetary Dust Particles
Asteroids
Earth
C-type? Internalvolatiles
In Prepfor Mars
Early H2O
LRO Addresses...
![Page 7: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Exploration of the MOONand Mars will catalyze new
understanding of IMPACTS on Earth
Cosmic Collisions... The risks of planetary impacts
Meteor
Zhamanshin
Popigai
Tycho
![Page 8: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mars : a “Final Frontier”
Using Science to get us there...
![Page 9: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Was the environment on Mars ever right for
emergence of life?
If so, did life emerge on Mars?
If it did, is there life on Mars now?
NASA’s Mars
Exploration
Program
Objectives
![Page 10: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Searching for Life on Mars: Are we ready?
![Page 11: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Exploration asks the Question...
Climate
Geology
Persistent
liquid water?
Processes and
their chronology?
Hostilesurface
chemistry?Carbon
chemistry
Evolutio
n or
dra
matic cha
nge?
Habitable environments?
Origin of life?
We’ve arrived at
questions we
ask about Earth!
![Page 12: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Mars: interactingsystems fromoutside in...
![Page 13: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
MARS: Polar Science:
Where Water and Climate
interact...
S. Polar dynamics
N. Polar systems
![Page 14: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Opportunity at Burns Cliff in Endurance Crater
Spirit at the Columbia Hills
Two Different Water Stories... Implications
![Page 15: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Earth
Analogue
Mars Science HighlightsOpportunity Discovers Evidence of Rocks
Deposited and Soaked in a Body of Water!
![Page 16: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Earth as a Testbed : Evaporites aspotential habitats...Sulfate salts
Antarctic Dry Valley (Don Juan Pond): IKONOSGreat Salt Desert, Iran: IKONOS
COLD-BASED EVAPORITES DESERT EVAPORITES
![Page 17: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Where to Look?
• Mars has a surface area equivalent to the land area of Earth.Where on Mars should we look for an answer?
• Look in areas with High HabitabilityPotential
– Areas that have several elementsconsidered necessary for life
– Key
• Water — where it might have beenand, where it might be now
• Complex carbon chemistry
• Sources of disequilibrium trace gases
• Hydrothermal areas
![Page 18: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
DELTAS: Long-standing bodies of water required,whether Earth or Mars!
Holden Crater “delta” (MGS/MOC)
Mars Polar sub-km crater
Volga River Delta (Landsat 7)
![Page 19: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Exploring Preservation Potential:
Ongoing robotic exploration identifies
the possibilities...now to get there
![Page 20: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Headscarp of Chasma Boreale1000 m of layered ice, frozen sand dunes, andlayered sedimentary rock above a cratered basement
Ice, Sediments, Melting...Habitat?
![Page 21: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Mars Exploration: Investigation Pathways
• Guiding Principles:
• Scientific discoveries yet
to be made will alter
current plans
• Technology development
will affect the pace of the
program
• Budget will always
constrain the plan
• To remain resilient, all futures
are defined in terms of a
series of potential pathways
— not a deterministic queue
of missions
?
MRO
![Page 22: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Scientific Outcomes can be largely Unknown
While all knowledge is valuable, NASA anticipates
extraordinary scientific results from the Vision for Space
Exploration
Humanson Site...Impactonoutcomes?
![Page 23: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
EX
PL
OR
AT
ION
ROBOTICS ROBOTICS ROBOTICS HUMANS ROBOTICS & HUMANS
ClimateHistory Sample
Selection
Ancient WaterValidateValidate
Paleo-Life
Resources Extant Life?
Reconnaissance
SiteSelection
SampleSelection
Return Sample
Field StudiesDeep Drilling
Exploring Mars
DIS
CO
VE
RY
![Page 24: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Ida and moon Diversity of Asteroids
C-type offer unique science possibilities
Certain Asteroids offer high scientific discovery potential relevant to the searchfor life’s origins... C-types etc.
Targets for human exploration??
![Page 25: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Meteorite from Vesta
(~ 550 km across [AZ size])
![Page 26: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
1998 KY26: ~ 30m diameter C-type NEA
TARGET for HUMAN EXPLORATION near Earth?
(After Ostro)
![Page 27: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
EXPLORATION is HAPPENING at NASA !
Spitzer: Astrophysics
Europa: a Next Step?
MER on Mars
TITAN:Possibilities!
Samples: keep on giving!
Moon from Earth (SAR)!
![Page 28: Science and Exploration: Moon to Mars · 2013. 5. 1. · Science supports Exploration Space Science “Discovery-oriented” Comprehensive scientific investigations into the Origin,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052013/6029fdfd90881262a31da916/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
From the Moon to Mars and Beyond,Scientifically