science agora 20161106 v2
TRANSCRIPT
05/02/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 1
Cognition-as-a-Service (CaaS):
A Service Science Perspective
Jim Spohrer (IBM)Tokyo, Japan; November 6, 2016
Science Agorahttp://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/science-agora-20161106-v2
05/02/2023 © IBM 2015, IBM Upward University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development
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Physics Chemistry Biology
Neuroscience Psychology ArtificialIntelligence
Engineering Management PublicPolicy
Education Design Humanities
Natural Systems
Cognitive Systems
Service Systems
05/02/2023 © IBM 2015, IBM Upward University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development
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Brief History of AI
• 1956 – Dartmouth Conference• 1956 – 1981 Micro-Worlds• 1981 – Japanese 5th Generation• 1988 – Expert Systems Peak• 1990 – AI Winter• 1997 – Deep Blue• 1997 – 2011 Real-World• 2011 – Jeopardy! & SIRI• 2013 – Cognitive Systems Institute• 2014 – Watson Business Unit &• True North Brain Chip• 2015 – “Cognition as a Service”
on IBM Bluemix
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Intelligence Building Blocks
• Augmented• Science (Brains)• Design (People)• Business (Value)• Societal (Impact)• Interdisciplinary
• Artificial• Learning• Perception• Reasoning• Interaction• Knowledge
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1955 1975 1995 2015 2035 2055
Can better cognition-as-a-service help us be wiser?
Cognitive Mediator (2035): Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
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Courses• 2015
• “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”• 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy• 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2025• “How to use a cognitive system to be a better professional X.”• Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week
• 2035• “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”• Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day• Cognitive mediator knows a person better than they know themselves
• 2055• “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”• Most people have 100 digital workers.
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Reality 2.0 Service Platform: Smart to Wise?
Service Platform
CM2
P2
CM1
P1
100x
100x 100x
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Thomas Friedman• “We are now standing at
an ethical intersection we have never stood at before as a species,” Friedman explained as he started to wind down his talk. “At the end of World War II, one country could kill all of us. Now, one person can kill all of us.”
05/02/2023 © IBM 2015, IBM Upward University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development
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In Summary
“A service scienceperspective considersthe evolving ecology of service system entities, their value co-creation andcapability co-elevationinteractions, and their capabilities, constraints,rights, and responsibilities.”
Cognitive SystemsEntities
Service SystemsEntities With
CognitiveMediators
Add Rights &Responsibilities
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Jim Spohrer (IBM)Seoul, South Korea; October 13, 2016
Consulting Conferencehttp://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/korea-day1-keynote-20161013-v6
Come visit IBM Research – Almaden in San Jose, CA USA – monthly
university day!
“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
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Moshe Vardi (Rice)
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Alexander Braun (CC)
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Alexander Braun (CC)
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Progression: Types and Models
Models (columns)Types (rows)
Task & World Model/Planning & Decisions
Self Model/Capacity & Limits
User Model/Episodic Memory
Institutions Model/Trust & Social Acts
Tool + - - -
Assistant ++ + - -
Collaborator +++ ++ + -
Coach ++++ +++ ++ +
Mediator +++++ ++++ +++ ++
tool
assistant
collaborator
coach
mediator
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Build: 10 million minutes of experience
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Build: 2 million minutes of experience
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Value Migration: Hardware < Software < Data < Experience < Transformation
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Definitions: Types of Cognitive System Entities(symbol and pattern processing systems)• Socio-Technical (Organization-based)
• Businesses• Cities• Nations
• Biological (Brain-based)• People• Animals
• Technological (Computation-based)• Embodied (Robot, Car, Device)• Virtual (Local, Cloud)
MachineLearning
NaturalLanguageProcessing
HighPerformanceComputing
KnowledgeRepresentationand Reasoning
QuestionAnswering
UnstructuredInformation
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Today’s Talk• Tech Topics • Perspectives• Opportunities• Challenges
© IBM UPWard 2016