Done by: Ong Kian Han (2p320)

Agenda: Brief introduction to Newton

What are his laws

Some formulas

What is the significance of the 3 laws?

What are they used for?

Brief introduction: Born on:25 December 1642

Died :20 March 1727 (aged 84)

Nationality: English

His father was also named Isaac Newton, a farmer, but died 3 months after he was born.

His mother was Hannah Ayscough, and when Newton was born she said she could fit him into a quart mug ≈1.1litres!

Contributions to science: Discovery of the theory of universal gravitation

He used a prism to better understand the properties of light, refraction

He also created a new telescope that was only six inches long but it could see Jupiter's satellites!

First Law: Also known as the inertia law.

The velocity of a body remains constant unless the body is acted upon by an external force.

Lex I: Corpus omne perseverare in statu suo quiescendi vel movendi uniformiter in directum, nisi quatenus a viribus impressis cogitur statum illum mutare.(latin)

Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by force impressed.(English)

First law: Formula: ΣF=0=>dv/dt=0

His law states that if the resultant force (the vector sum of all forces acting on an object) is zero, then the velocity of the object is constant.

An object that is at rest will stay at rest unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. When you do not touch a ball, it is stationary and will remain stationary unless you push it.

An object that is in motion will not change its velocity unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. If you throw a dart, by right, it should move in the fixed path that you have thrown it. How ever, due to gravity and other factors, the dart does not travel straight for ever, instead landing on the floor.

Second law: Second law: The acceleration a of a body is parallel

and directly proportional to the net force F and inversely proportional to the mass m, i.e., F = ma.

Formula=(F=[dp/dt]=[d(mw)/dv]

net force on a particle is equal to the time rate of change of its linear momentum p in an inertial reference frame: only applies to constant-mass systems

F=m(dv/dt)=ma

F is the net force applied, m is the mass of the body, and a is the body's acceleration.

Second law: Any mass that is gained or lost by the system will cause

a change in momentum that is not the result of an external force. A different equation is necessary for variable-mass systems .

Newton's second law requires modification if the effects of special relativity are to be taken into account, because at high speeds the approximation that momentum is the product of rest mass and velocity is not accurate.

Second law: Impulse An impulse (J) occurs when a force (F) acts over an

interval of time, (small triangle)t, F dt.

Since F is the time derivative of momentum, it follows that J=(triangle)p=m(triangle)v.

This relation between impulse and momentum is closer to Newton's wording of the second law.

Impulse is a concept frequently used in the analysis of collisions and impacts.

Second Law: variable mass systems Variable-mass systems, like a rocket burning fuel and

ejecting spent gases, are not closed and cannot be directly treated by making mass a function of time in the second law

Second law: Consistent with the first law, the time derivative of the

momentum is non-zero when the momentum changes direction, even if there is no change in its magnitude; such is the case with uniform circular motion. The relationship also implies the conservation of momentum: when the net force on the body is zero, the momentum of the body is constant. Any net force is equal to the rate of change of the momentum.

Third law: Formula:ΣFa,b=-Σfb,a

The Third Law means that all forces are interactionsbetween different bodies, and thus that there is no such thing as a unidirectional force or a force that acts on only one body.

Whenever a first body exerts a force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This law is sometimes referred to as the action-reaction law, with F called the "action" and −F the "reaction". The action and the reaction are simultaneous.

Third Law: Simply: a force acts between a pair of objects, and not

on a single object. So each and every force has two ends. Each of the two ends is the same except for being opposite in direction. The ends of a force are mirror images of each other, one might say.

Bibliography Wikipedia

http://library.thinkquest.org/28327/html/exploration/people/newton.html

Thank You