school management system tentative chapter plan

7/27/2019 School Management System Tentative Chapter Plan

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CHAPTER-1CHAPTER-1

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Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Our main aim to develop this project is to automate the

various activities of the school. The project School Management

System- A case study of Arunodaya Senior Secondary

School, Mandi is designed once and can be updated many times,so the burden of maintenance is short listed by some general

guidelines:

The project consist with using number of tables and queries. Every

table is

filled with specific data such as student information, result record.

That will provide information about:

Keeping the records of the Students.

Keeping the records about the result of the students.

Calculation of the admission fee and monthly fee.

In this project MS Access will be used to store information which will

use as the back end.

The front end of the project will be in VB.NET the end of the project is

designed keeping in mind that:

1. The records can be successfully added, deleted according to the

user needs.

2. To calculate the admission fee and monthly fee of the students.

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8. To realize National Integration.

9. To form character and value

1.3 CONCEPT OF MECHANIZATION, AUTOMATION

AND COMPUTERIZATION

MEC

HANIZATION

Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human

operators with machinery to assist them with the physical

requirements of work. It can also refer to the use of machines to

replace manual labour or animals. A step beyond mechanization is

automation. The use of hand powered tools is not an example of

mechanization.

The term is most often used in industry. The addition of

powered machine tools, such as the steam powered lathe

dramatically reduced the amount of time needed to carry out various

tasks, and improves productivity. Today very little construction of any

sort is carried out with hand tools.

CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION

Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global

economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine

automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools tocreate complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications

and human activities. Automation or industrial automation or

numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to

control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for

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human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a

step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided

human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical

requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for

human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and

systems can also be automated.

Many roles for humans in industrial processes

presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern

recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are

well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer

systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of

complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-

level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human

expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective

than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial

tasks is possible. Specialized hardened computers, referred to as

programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are frequently used to

synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events

with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to

precisely controlled actions that permit a tight control of almost any

industrial process. Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or computer

human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-machine interfaces,

are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other

computers, such as entering and monitoring temperatures or

pressures for further automated control or emergency response.

Service personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often

referred to as stationary engineers.

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Impact

Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of

highly visible industries beyond manufacturing. Once-ubiquitous

telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated

telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical

processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or

radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells,

and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy

by automated systems. Automated teller machines have reduced

the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out

transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the

shift in the world economy from agrarian to industrial in the 19th

century and from industrial to services in the 20th century. The

widespread impact of industrial automation raises social issues,

among them its impact on employment. Historical concerns

about the effects of automation date back to the beginning of the

industrial revolution, when a social movement of English textile

machine operators in the early 1800s known as the Luddites

protested against Jacquard's automated weaving looms often

by destroying such textile machines that they felt threatened

their jobs. One author made the following case. When

automation was first introduced, it caused widespread fear. It

was thought that the displacement of human operators by

computerized systems would lead to severe unemployment.

Critics of automation contend that increased industrial

automation causes increased unemployment; this was a

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pressing concern during the 1980s. One argument claims that

this has happened invisibly in recent years, as the fact that many

manufacturing jobs left the United States during the early 1990s

was offset by a one-time massive increase in IT jobs at the same

time. Some authors argue that the opposite has often been true,

and that automation has led to higher employment. Under this

point of view, the freeing up of the labour force has allowed more

people to enter higher skilled managerial as well as specialized

consultant/contractor jobs (like cryptographers), which are

typically higher paying. One odd side effect of this shift is that

"unskilled labour" is in higher demand in many first-world

nations, because fewer people are available to fill such jobs.

At first glance, automation might appear to devalue labor through its

replacement with less-expensive machines; however, the overall

effect of this on the workforce as a whole remains unclear. Today

automation of the workforce is quite advanced, and continues to

advance increasingly more rapidly throughout the world and is

encroaching on ever more skilled jobs, yet during the same period the

general well-being and quality of life of most people in the world

(where political factors have not muddied the picture) have improved

dramatically. What role automation has played in these changes has

not been well studied.

Current emphasis

Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of

automation has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing

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costs, to broader issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in

the manufacturing process.

The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and

reduce costs was seen to be short-sighted, because it is also

necessary to provide a skilled workforce who can make repairs and

manage the machinery. Moreover, the initial costs of automation were

high and often could not be recovered by the time entirely new

manufacturing processes replaced the old. (Japan's "robot junkyards"

were once world famous in the manufacturing industry.)

Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the

manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality

substantially. For example, automobile and truck pistons used to be

installed into engines manually. This is rapidly being transitioned to

automated machine installation, because the error rate for manual

installment was around 1-1.5%, but has been reduced to 0.00001%

with automation.[5] Hazardous operations, such as oil refining, the

manufacturing of industrial chemicals, and all forms of metal working,

were always early contenders for automation.

Another major shift in automation is the increased emphasis on

flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process.

Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch

from manufacturing Product A to manufacturing Product B without

having to completely rebuild the production lines. Flexibility and

distributed processes have led to the introduction of Automated

Guided Vehicles with Natural Features Navigation.

Automation tool

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Different types of automation tools exist:

ANN - Artificial neural network

DCS - Distributed Control System

HMI - Human Machine Interface

SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

PLC - Programmable Logic Controller

CONCEPT OF COMPUTERIZATION

It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out

tasks that were once done by manual labour, e.g. car production was

once labour intense but the introduction of machinery and robotic

arms and computers alleviated the need for manual labour to carry

out repetitive tasks .

The introduction of automation and computer technology and robotics

led to the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks were

and still are replaced with the knock on effect of increased

unemployment. It is an ongoing process with the positive side being

the advancement of technology and opportunities in that field . good

luck . need any more , shout .

A computer is a machine that manipulates dataaccording to a list of instructions.

The first devices that resemble modern computers date

to the mid-20th century (19401945), although the computer concept

and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early

electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as

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much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PC).

Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are

millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of

the space.

Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a

wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal

computers, in various forms, are icons of the Information Age and are

what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most

common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer.

Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to

control other devicesfor example; they may be found in machines

ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and

children's toys.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs

makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from

calculators. The ChurchTuring thesis is a mathematical statement of

this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in

principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other

computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and

complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a

supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks

given enough time and storage capacity.

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS,COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

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A school is the basal unit of the big hierarchy of educational

administration. To-day, as never before, India needs educational

institutions not only to guard its past but also to advance its future.

The destiny of India is now being shaped in the class room this is the

assessment of situation by the first ever comprehensive commission

(1964-66) on Indian education.

Characteristics of Successful School Management

1. Flexibility.

2. Practicability.

3. Conformity to the social & political philosophy of the country.

4. Efficiency.

5. Successful achievement of desired objectives.

Objective of Schools Management

1. To reflect and conserver basic values.

2. To carry out educational futures.

3. To manage social change.

4. To profit by experience.

5. To carry out Modernization.

6. To propagate Science.

7. To adopt technology.

8. To Realize National integration.

9. To form character and values.

SCHOOL ORGANIZATION

School organization is a combination of two work, Viz, School

and organization. In order to understand the meaning of school

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organization, it is essential to understand the meaning of school and

organization separately.

The purpose of school organization and the administration is to raise

the standard of education. Many factors have contributed to the

decline in the standard of school education in India, but the main

ones among them are the administrative difficulties of inspection or

supervision and survey. Hence the Education Commission has

offered the following suggestions for improving the standard of

education at the school level:

1. A common method of public education should be evolved.

2. School education should be organized at the national level, with

their distinct objective-

(a) Bringing all institutions to a certain minimum standard,

(b) Giving each institution the opportunity to develop to the

highest level of which is capable,

(c) Taking each institution to the idea point within the next ten

years.

3. The officer of the district education officer should be made

effective.

4. All kinds of programmes should be organized in the certainly

administrated territories.

COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION

It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out

tasks that were once done by manual labour, e.g. students

information, students result records, calculating their fee in an

educational institute is done manually, which are time consuming and

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of much labour, but the introduction of machinery and robotic arms

and computers alleviated the need for manual labour to carry out

repetitive tasks.

The introduction of automation and computer technology and

robotics led to the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks

were and still are replaced with the knock on effect of increased

unemployment. It is an ongoing process with the positive side being

the advancement of technology and opportunities in that field, Good

luck need any more, shout.

Computerisation and automation of activities of schools results

in reduction of labour, time consumption and clerical mistakes and

increase in the accuracy.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called

programs makes computers extremely versatile. Any computer with a

certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the

same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore,

computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a

personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform

the same computational tasks given enough time and storage

capacity.

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CHCHAPTER-2APTER-2

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CHAPTER-2

NEED, OBJECTIVES & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

NEED OF STUDY

Here is the need to make a project School Management

System A case study of GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.).

The project maintains the records of the students, their result records

and calculating their admission fee and monthly fee.

Since all the records are maintained by handwritten, the procedure is

quite lengthy and time consuming. So there is a need of such kind of

project.

Objectives of the study:

1. To develop a fully computerized system with the

fulfillment of most of the needs.

2. To study the computerization of differentactivities of the school.

3. To study the present status of computerization in

GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.).

4. To make a software for the automation of various

activities of the school.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The information regarding this project is collected from GGS

Public High School Mandi(H.P.). And other required information is

gathered from Internet. In this project all the work is done in high level

language VB.NET and MS-ACCESS. VB.NET will serve as the

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Front-End and MS-Access will serve as the Back-End for the

project.

What is .NET?

.NET represents an entire range of technologies and concepts that

form a platform on which you can develop applications. Visual

Basic .NET does have an actual version number, 7.0 the number

just isnt used often. Just as windows 2000 is really Windows NT

version 5.0, the simpler or catchier name will generally be the one

commonly used. Dont expect to hear Visual Basic 7.0 often though;

there was even a cash penalty inside Microsoft for referring to

windows 2000 as NT 5.0. .NET is a layer that exists beneath your

programs and provides a set of base services and functions. This

layer contains a set of applications and operating systems called

the .NET servers; a foundation set of objects called .NET framework,

and a set of services that support all the .NET languages, called the

Common Language Runtime (CLR). .NET is more than just one thing;

it is a collection of software and concepts that work together to enable

the creation of business solutions.

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.NET Servers

A major goal of the .NET concept is to decrease the building of

distributed system, in which the work is done in several different

locations. For the most part, these types of systems do their work on

the back end, at the server level. Microsoft provides a set of Software

products that together are known as the .NET Enterprise servers.

They are designed to supply the back end features needed by a

distributed system. These products include

The server operating system, Microsoft Windows

Clustering and load balancing software such as Microsoft App

Center and Microsoft cluster server.

A database server, Microsoft SQL server

An e-mail, collaboration, and free-form information storage

System, Microsoft Exchange Server

A data-transformation engine based aroundXML called

Microsoft Biz Talk Server

A server for accessing legacy systems, such as AS/400s, called H

Integration server

And more..

Together these servers supply base services to .NET applications,

forming the foundation of systems.

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.NET Framework

In the move to Visual Basic .NET, many things have changed

radically; one of them is the development of a new foundation to all the

.NET develo0pment tools. This foundation, known as the .NET

framework, provides two key things: the base runtime environment and a

set of foundation classes. The runtime environment is similar to the

operating system in that it provides a layer between your program and the

complexities of the rest of the system, performing services for your

application and simplifying access to the functionality of the lower layers.

The foundation classes provide a large set of functionality, wrapping, and

abstraction such technologies as Internet protocols, file system access,

XML manipulation, and more. The .NET framework is similar in many

ways to the operating system, and it provides its own set of APIs to make

it easy for programmers to take advantage of its capabilities. Figure

illustrates the frameworks relationship to your code and to the underlying

services of the operating system.

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MS Access

MS Access is a powerful multi-user database. It can be used

to store and manipulate large amount of information and automate

repetitive tasks. By using MS Access it is easy to use data input

forms. Data in Access is organized in the form of tables. Database in

Access has a default extension of (.accdb).

Features:-

1. Window based Application.

2. Large data management capacity.

3. Importing, exporting and linking external files.

4. Built in functions.

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CHAPTER-3CHAPTER-3

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CHAPTER-3

PROFILE OF ARUNODAYA SENIOR SECONDARY

SCHOOL, MANDI

Arunodaya Senior Secondary School, Mandi is a

private educational institution. This school is suited at Mandi (H.P.).

This School was started on 1993. The very first batches of each class

were started on April 1993.

The school has well educated and experienced staff. This is a Senior

Secondary School. This school provides the education from 6th

standard to 12th standard classes. This school also provides the IT

education for the students of all classes. The school has three

laboratories Viz Physics lab, Chemistry lab, and IT lab.

The school has got excellent result every year. Students get good

positions in the board examinations. Some of them got place in the

merit list of the board examinations. School is also good in Sports

activities.

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CHAPTER-4CHAPTER-4

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CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

The word system covers a verb rod spectrum of concepts. In our

daily life, we come into contact with the Transportation system, the

Electronic system, the electronic system, the accounting system, and

the computer system. Similarly, business systems are the means by

which business organization achieve their predefined goals. A

business system combines policies, personnel, and equipment and

computer facilities to co-ordinate the activities of a business

organization. Essentially, a business system represents an organized

way of achieving the pre-determined objective of an organization.

There are various definitions of the word system, but most of

them seem to have a common idea that suggest that a system is an

orderly grouping of independent components linked together

according to a plan to achieve a specific goal. The word component

may refer to physical parts, managerial steps or a subsystem in a

multilevel structure. The components may be simple or complex,

basic or advanced. They may be single computer with a keyboard,

memory and printer or series of intelligent terminals linked to a main

frame.

Steps in SDLC are:

System Analysis

System Design

System Testing

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System Analysis

Problem

The success of a system depends largely on how accurately a

problem is defined, thoroughly investigated, and properly carried out

through the choice of solution. User need identification and analysis

are concerned with what the user needs rather then what he/she

wants. Not until the problem has been identified, defined, and

evaluated should the analyst think about solutions and whether the

problem is worth solving. This step is intended to help the user and

the analyst understand the real problem rather then its symptoms.

The user or the analyst may identify the need for a

candidate system or for enhancements in the existing system. For

example, the cashier of a bank may become concerned about

the long customer lines in the lobby or about the number of tellers

who are over or short when they balance their cash.

Similarly, an analyst who is the familiar with the operation may

point out a bottleneck and suggest improvements.

Often problems come into focus after a joint meeting

between the user and the analyst. In either case, the user

initiates an investigation by filling out a request from for

information. The request provides for statements of objectives and

expected benefits.

The objectives of the problem situation must be understood

within the framework of the organizations MIS objectives. If

objectives are misunderstood, it is easy to solve the wrong problem. It

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illustrates that the successful design of a system requires a clear

knowledge of what the system is intended to do.

System analysis and design refers to the process of

examining the business situation with the intent of improving it

through better procedures and methods. System development can

generally be thought of as having two major components: System

Analysis & System Design. System Design is the process of planning

a new system or replace or complement the existing system. But

before this planning can be done, we must thoroughly understand the

existing system and determine how computers can best be used to

make its operation more effective. It also includes the construction of

program and program testing. The major steps are:

1) The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced

and in which format. Samples of output are also presented.

2) The operational phases are handled through program

construction and testing of a list of programs needed to meet the

system objectives and complete documentation.

3) The finally detail related to justification of the system and an

estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the

organization are documented.

4) The final report prior to the implementation of phases to

procedure flow chart, record and report, layout and a workload

program for implementation the candidate system.

5) Cost must also be available at this point. Projected costs must

be closed to actual cost of implementation.

System analysis then is the process of gathering and interpreting

facts, diagnosing problems and using the information to recommend

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improvement to the system should do. Design states how accomplish

the objective.

Normalization

The basic Objectives of normalization are to reduce redundancy,

which means that information is to be stored only once. Storing

information several times leads to wastage of storage space and

increase in the total size of data stored. Relations are

normalized so that when relation in the database are to be

altered during the lifetime of the database, we dont lose information

or introduce inconsistencies. The type of alterations normally

needed for relation is:

Insertion of new data values to relation. This should be

possible without being forced to leave blank fields for some attributes.

Deletion of a tuple, namely, a row of a relation . This

should be possible without losing vital information unknowingly.

Functional Dependency

As the concept of dependency is very important, it is essential

that we first understand it will and then proceed to the idea of

normalization. There is no fool-proof algorithmic method of identifying

dependency. We have to use our commonsense and judgments of

specify dependencies.

Properties of normalized relations:-

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Ideals relation after normalization should have the following

properties: No data values should be duplicated in different rows

unnecessarily. A value must be specified (and required) for every

attribute in a row. Each relation should be self-contained. In other

words, if a row from a relation is deleted, important information should

not be accidentally lost.

When a row is added to a relation, other relations in the database

should not be affected. A value of an attribute in a tuple may be

changed independent of other tuples in the relation and other

relations.

First Normalization

First normal form, abbreviated as 1NF. This form is also

called a flat-file. There is no composite attributes, and every attribute

is single and describe one property. Converting a relation to the 1NF

is the first essential step of normalization. There are successive

higher normal forms known as 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF. Each

form is improvement over the earlier form.

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1NF

2NF

3NF

4NF

5NF


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Figure 1: Successive normal forms of a relation

Dependency among attributes in a relation. Identification of an

attribute or asset of attributes as the key of a relation. Multivalued

dependency between attributes.

Second Normal Form Relation

We will now define relation in Second Normal Form (2NF). A

relation is said to be in 2NF if is it is in 1NF and non-key attributes

are functionally dependent on the key attribute. Further, if the key

has more then one attribute then no non key attribute should be

functionally dependent upon the part of key attributes.

Third Normal Form

A Third Normal Form normalization will be needed where all

attribute in a relation tuple is not functionally dependent only one key

attribute. If two non-key attributes are functionally dependent, then

there will be unnecessary duplication of data.

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

Assume that a relation as more then one possible key.

Assume further that the composite key have a common attribute. If anattribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other

composite key, a normalization called BCNF is needed.

Fourth and Fifth Normal Form

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When attribute in a relation have Multivalued dependency,

further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF required.

Feasibility Study

Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth

doing. The process followed in marking this determination is called a

feasibility study. This type of study determines if a project can and

should be taken once it has been determined that a project is

feasible, the analyst can go ahead and prepare the project

specification which finalizes project requirements.

The important outcome of the proposed system is the

determination whether the system requested a feasible or not. Thatrequirements need for a rigorous feasibility study in the conduct

of the feasibility study, the analyst will usually consider three

distinct but interrelated types of feasibility. They are:

Technical Feasibility

This is the concerned with specifying equipment and softwarethat will success fully satisfy the user requirement. The technical

needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include. The

facility to produce output in a given time. Response time under

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certain conditions ability to process a certain volume of transaction at

a particular speed. Facility to communicate data to distant location.

In technical feasibility, configuration of the systems is given

more importance their actual make a hardware. The configuration

should give the complete picture about the systems requirement

how many works section are required, how these units are

interconnected so that they could operate and communicate

smoothly what speeds of input and output should be achieved at

particular quality of printing. Specific hardware and software products

can then be evaluated. Keeping in view with the logical needs out of

all types of feasibility, technical feasibility generally is the most

difficult to determine.

Operational Feasibility

It is mainly related to human organizational and Political

aspects. The points to be considered are:

What change will be brought with the system?

What organizational structure is disturbed?

What new skill will be required?

Generally project wills not rejected simply because of

operational infeasibility but such considerations are likely to critically

affect the nature and scope of the eventual recommendations.

This feasibility study is carried out by a small group of

people who are familiar with information system techniques, who

understand the parts of the business that are relevant to the

project and are skilled in system analysis design process.

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Economical Feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used

technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system.

More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis; the procedure is to

determine the benefits and saving that are expected from a proposed

system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, a

decision is taken to design and implement the system other wise,

further justification or alternative in the proposed system will have to

be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. This is an on

going effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of the system

life cycle.

System Design

System Modules

This system is based on a lot of data base inter-relationships.

The user is however kept opaque to all of these interrelationships

and will feel as if he is working with the single integrated system.

To keep the resends of each students and to store information of

each students we design different tables.

Data Base Design

The selection of the tables and the access was method ofthe system is aimed at providing efficient processing capability

while at the same time minimizing the redundancy and

inconsistency of the data between various files MS-ACCESS is used

as it provides all the above mentioned qualities. All the tables in

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the system are in the normalized form following is the detailed

discussions of all the tables are used in the system in addition the

contents of each record are listed. The primary key(s) are the with

not null attribute. Each table has its own primary keys which uniquely

identify each record.

The system consists of the following files about the students:

Master Files

Master files of the system are those in which the data are

entered during the enrollment of the employee in the organization.

Transaction files

An input validation check has been placed in all of the

transaction tables. If the student with the student roll-number exists in

the master these transaction tables allows to enter, modify data

otherwise student does not exist in the master would we found.

Testing

No program or system design is perfect; communication

between the user and designer is not always complete or clear; and

time is usually short. The result is errors and more errors. The

number and nature of errors in a new design depend on several

factors:

Communication between the user and the designer.

The programmers ability to generate a code that reflects

exactly the system specification.

The time frame for the design.

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Theoretically, a newly designed system should have all the pieces

in working order, but in reality, each piece works independently. Now

is the time to put all the pieces into one system and test it to

determine whether it meets the users requirements. Testing is vital

to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical

assumption that if all the parts of system are correct, the goal will be

successfully achieved. Non-testing leads to errors that may not

appear until months later. This creates two problems:

a) The time lag between the cause and the appearance of the

problem, and

b) The effect of system errors on files and records within the

system.

Types of System Tests

System testing begins by testing programs modules separately,

followed by testing bundled modules as a unit. A program module

may function perfectly in isolation but fail when interfaced with other

modules. The approach is to test each entity with successively larger

ones, up to the system last level. System testing consisting of the

following steps:

Program(s) testing

String testing

System testing

System documentation

User acceptance testing

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1. Program testing

A program represents the logical elements of a system. For a

program to run satisfactorily, it must compile and test data correctly

and tie in properly with other programs. Achieving and error free

program is the responsibility of the programmer. Program testing

checks for two types of errors: syntax and logic. A syntax error is a

program statement that violates one or more rules of the language in

which it is written. A logic error, on the other hand, deals with

incorrect date fields, out of range items, and invalid combination.

2. String testing

Programs are invariably related to one another and interact in a

total system. Each program is tested to see whether it conforms to

related programs in the system. Each portion of the system is tested

against the entire module with both test and live data before the

entire system is ready to be tested.

3. System testing

System testing is design to uncover weaknesses that were not

found in earlier tests. This includes forced system failure and

validation of the total system as it will be implemented by its user(s) in

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the operational environment. Generally, it bring with low volume of

transaction based on live data.

4. System documentation

All design and test documentation should be finalized and

entered in the library for the further reference. This library is the

central location for maintenance of the new system. The format,

organization, and language of each documentation should be in line

with the system standards.

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CHAPTER-5CHAPTER-5

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Chapter-5

CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION, DIRECTION FOR FURTHERSCOPE OF STUDY

This project School Management System A case study

of GGS Public High School Mandi (H.P.).has helped me to know

much about the Organisation and Management of Schools. The

coding of this project is done in VB.NET language.

The system is more flexible as it provides easy addition, deletion,

modification and insertions of the records and check for uniqueness

simultaneously the system is also very user friendly and thoroughly

checks for the inputs. There are different forms and tables are used.

The data is stored in tables automatically. I tried my best to do this

project.

However the whole system can not be changed, but the

computerized system designed not only saves time but at the same

time reduces labour & expenditures. In traditional system, there were

lot of irregularities founds in generating data to where as in modified

and computerized system in every problem overcome with the press

of button. This system provides the security from loss, disclosure,

modification and destruction of data. This system provides integrity ofproper functioning of programs.

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OUTPUT WINDOWS

SPLASH FORM

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LOGIN FORM

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MDI FORM

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CHANGE PASSWORD FORM

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CREATE NEW USER FORM

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NEW ADMISSION FORM

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VIEW OR UPDATE OR DELETE ADMISSIONDETAILS

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ADMISSION FEE FORM

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MONTHLY FEE FORM

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RESULT RECORD FORM

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UPDATE RESULT RECORD FORM

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STUDENTS REPORT

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VIEW ALL ADMISSION FEE COLLECTION REPORT

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VIEW ALL MONTHLY FEE COLLECTION REPORT

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Bibliography

Elias System Analysis and Design- Galgotia Publications.

Pressman, Roger S. Software Engineering, -McGraw-Hill

Publications.

MS-ACCESS- BPB Publications

Mastering in VB.Net -BPB Publications

Black Book-Visual Basic.Net Programming

Prince, Anne Murachs Beginning Visual Basic .NET-

Murach PublicationsDeitel & Deitel Visual Basic .NET How to Program-

Prentice Hall Publications

Halvorson, Michael Microsoft Visual Basic .NET Step by

Step Microsoft Press Publications

Cornell, Gary Morrison & Jonathan- Programming VB.NET

Apress Publications

Blair et all, Richard Beginning VB.NET (2nd Edition)- Wrox

Press Publications

school management system tentative chapter plan

Documents