SCHOOL AGEEh kase bata!

Section A3HA

Submitted to: Mrs. Roscelyn Celestino

Date: February 2, 2008

NCM- 201

Group Members:

Abrogena, Christian DaveArche, Liberty

Arenas, Allah FerdinandBalura, Grazielle Alexandra

Bathan, Danica PaolaBenipayo, JonalynBorja, Michael Ian

GENERAL INFORMATION: Who are school-age children? School-age children are those 5 to 12 years of age. This time period is a stage of continuing growth and development for your young child. He will go through many changes in his physical, mental, and social development.

While all children may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for school-aged children 6 to 12 years old:

Weight: average gain of about 5 to 7 pounds a year Height: average growth of about 2.5 inches per year

1. Body make-up: Your child's body continues to change as he grows older. His bones, muscles, fat, and skin grow and develop. These changes occur quickly as he reaches puberty. Puberty is the period where the body matures sexually. Body hair starts to grow and body odor may appear. Girls start to develop their breasts. Later, they may also start menstruating (having a monthly period). Puberty may start as early as seven years of age in girls, and nine years of age in boys.

2. Movement skills: Your child's strength, balance, and coordination (ability to move smoothly) improve further. Smoothness and speed with physical activities allow him to participate in sports. Hand and finger control also improves.

3. Weight and height: At the start of the school-age years, a child's height may be about 43 and one-half inches. Weight may be about 43 pounds. Later, as puberty starts, your child's height and weight will increase quickly. On the average, a child's height may reach 59 inches at age 12. Girls are likely to weigh more than boys. Girls may weigh about 93 pounds while boys may weigh about 89 pounds.

6- to 7-year-olds:

» enjoys many activities and stays busy

» likes to paint and draw

» may lose first tooth

» vision is as sharp as an adult's vision

» practices skills in order to become better

» jumps rope

» rides a bike

8- to 9-year-olds:

more graceful with movements and abilities

jumps, skips, and chases

dresses and grooms self completely

can use tools (i.e., hammer, screwdriver)

10- to 12-year-olds:

remainder of adult teeth will develop

likes to sew and paint

As children enter into school-age, their

abilities and understanding of concepts and the world around them continue to grow. While children may progress at different

rates, the following are some of the common milestones children may reach in this age

group:

6- to 7-year-olds:

understands concept of numbers knows daytime and nighttime knows right and left hands can copy complex shapes, such as a diamond can tell time can understand commands with three separate

instructions can explain objects and their use can repeat three numbers backwards can read age-appropriate books and/or

materials

8- to 9-year-olds:

can count backwards knows the date reads more and enjoys reading understands fractions understands concept of space draws and paints can name months and days of week, in order enjoys collecting objects

10- to 12-year-olds:

writes stories

likes to write letters

reads well

enjoys using the telephone

Reading skills: Your child can name numbers and letters

easily. As early as six years of age, your child may be able to read single words and understand what he is reading. Later, he may be able to read fluently and pronounce words correctly.

Thinking skills: By the school-age years, your child begins to think logically. He can make sense of what is happening around him. His ability to understand ideas and remember things improve. He can place objects in order, or sort and group them. He is able to follow more complex directions and rules, and solve some problems better.

Thoughts and ideas: During the school-age years, your child may

develop fears of the unknown. He may be afraid of ghosts, monsters, or dark places. He begins to understand bad events and may fear robbers, having injuries, and death. Your child may also worry about how he does in school.

Family: During the school-age years, being accepted

becomes very important to your child. This need is partly provided by his family. As your child spends more time with his friends, the influence of family is not as strong as it used to be.

Friends: As your child grows older, his friends

become more important. He will feel a need to keep up with other children, and belong to a group. He is likely to have same-sex friends. He begins to share secrets with friends he can trust. Friends help a child adjust as he goes through changes in his school environment and activities. They also support him as he faces other stressful life experiences.

School: In school, your child becomes eager to learn

new things on his own. He learns to get along with more people and understand social customs.

Emotional problems: Your child may get anxious because of school

concerns. Anxiety problems may be caused by school phobia (fear), or trouble keeping up in school.

Lack of sleep: Your child may avoid going to bed, or have

trouble falling or staying asleep. Sleep problems may be caused by breathing problems, too much anxiety, or poor sleep scheduling and practices. Lack of sleep decreases your child's energy. This may lead to learning, attention, and behavior problems.

Learning difficulties: Problems affecting the brain development

may lead to decreased ability to think, learn, and remember. Feelings of loneliness and rejection may also decrease your child's desire to learn.

Poor nutrition or not enough physical

activity: During the school-age years, your child may

prefer fast food or junk food, or lack physical activity. This can result to being underweight, overweight, or at risk of growing overweight. These conditions may lead to medical problems, such as diabetes (high blood sugar), hypertension (high blood pressure), and hyperlipidemia (high blood cholesterol).

Social problems: Poor behavior may cause problems with

social skills. This is often seen in children with certain medical conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) or a disorder where your child is defiant or disobedient. Being rejected by other children may also lead to emotional problems.

Encourage your child to exercise for at least

one hour everyday. Exercise may be in the form of active play, brisk walking, and other sports. Play helps his learning, boosts his self-confidence, and improves his skills. Physical activity also improves his strength, makes his heart grow stronger, and keeps your child at a healthy weight. Computer and video games should only be used for 1 to 2 hours a day or less.

Encourage your child to try different creative activities. These may include working on a hobby or art project, or playing a musical instrument. Do not force a particular hobby on him. Let him discover his interest at his own pace. All activities should be fit to your child's age.

Get involved in your child's activities. Spend time with him, and be there when he needs you. Talk to him, allow him to ask questions, and teach him accordingly. Stay in contact with your child's teachers to find and deal with problems early. Get to know his friends.

Make sure your child eats a variety of healthy foods each day. A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, bread products, dairy (milk) products, and protein (such as chicken, fish, and beans). Limit the amount of foods high in fat and sugar. Make sure your child eats breakfast to give him energy for the rest of the day. Have him sit with the family at mealtime even if he does not like to eat.

Make sure your child gets enough sleep (about 10 to 11 hours) every night. Schedule his sleep with the same bed time and wake time each day. Bedtime routines are also helpful for your child. Keep the room cool and quiet. Avoid giving your child food or drinks with caffeine which may delay his sleep.

Time out may be used as a way to discipline your child. This lets him quiet down and think about what he did. It also gives you time to calm down and stay in control. Set limits for your child. Praise and reward your child when it is suitable. Do not criticize or show disapproval when he has done something wrong. Explain what you would like him to do instead, and tell him why.

A very important part of growing up is the ability to interact and socialize with others.

During the school-age years, parents will see a transition in their child as he/she moves from playing alone to having multiple friends and

social groups. While friendships become more important, the child is still fond of his/her

parents and likes being part of a family. While every child is unique and will develop different

personalities, the following are some of the common behavioral traits that may be present in

your child:

6- to 7-year-olds:

cooperates and shares will cheat, if able jealous of others and siblings likes to copy adults likes to play alone, but friends are becoming

important plays with friends of the same gender may have temper tantrums modest about body likes to play board games

8- to 9-year-olds: likes competition and games starts to mix friends and play with children of

the opposite gender modest about body enjoys clubs and groups, such as Boy Scouts or

Girl Scouts becoming interested in boy-girl relationships,

but does not admit it

10- to 12-year-olds:

friends are very important; may have a best friend

increased interest in the opposite gender likes and respects parents enjoys talking to others

Set and provide appropriate limits, guidelines,

and expectations and consistently enforce using

appropriate consequences.

Model appropriate behavior.

Offer compliments for your child being

cooperative and for any personal achievements.

Help your child choose activities that are

appropriate for your child's abilities.

Encourage your child to talk with you and be

open with his/her feelings.

Encourage your child to read and read with

your child.

Encourage your child to get involved with

hobbies and other activities.

Encourage physical activity.

Encourage self-discipline; expect your child

to follow rules that are set.

Teach your child to respect and listen to

authority figures.

Encourage your child to talk about peer

pressure and help set guidelines to deal with

peer pressure.

Spend uninterrupted time together - giving

full attention to your child.

Limit television, video, and computer time.

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