schneider - power factor correction

7/22/2019 Schneider - Power Factor Correction

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Energy management

Power Factor Correctionand harmonic filtering

solutions

Catalogue2010

Medium Voltage

PE90085


2/100

How to upgrade electrical networkand improve energy efficiency ?

Energy qualitywith Power FactorCorrection andharmonic filtering

Most utilities have specific policies

for billing reactive energy. Pricepenalties are applied if the activepower / apparent power ratio is notwithin the guidelines.

Power Factor Correction solutionsmodify and control the reactive powerto avoid utility penalties,and reduce overall kVA demand.These solutions result in loweringutility power bills by 5 to 10%.

Harmonics stress the electricalnetwork and potentially damageequipment.

Harmonic Filtering solutions area means to mitigate the harmonics.They increase the service life ofequipment up to 32% for singlephase machines, up to 18% for threephase machines and up to 5% fortransformers.

Power FactorCorrection andharmonic filtering


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Power Factor CorrectionEvery electric machine needs active and reactive power to operate.

Power factor is used to identify the level of reactive energy.

If the power factor drops below the limit set by the utility, then

power factor correction equipment can be installed in order to avoid

penalties. By correcting a poor power factor, these solutions also

reduce kVA demand. The results are a 5 to 10% lower electricity bill,

cooler equipment operation and longer equipment life. In addition

proper power factor correction helps optimize electrical network

loading and improves reliability.

Harmonic filteringEquipment such as drives, inverters, UPS, arc furnaces,transformers during energization and discharge lamps generate

harmonic currents and voltage distortion.

These harmonics stress the network, overload cables and

transformers, cause outages and disturb many types of equipment

such as computers, telephones, and rotating machines.

The life of equipment can be greatly reduced.

1 monthpayback.We installed a 5Mvarcapacitor banks.Annual cost savingswill reach 12m &implementation costs1mPortucel Paper Millin Portugal

9%reduction in ourenergy consumptionafter we installed10 capacitor banks.Electricity billoptimizedby 8% and paybackin 2 yearsTestifies MichelinAutomotivein France

9mMV Capacitor banksinstalled, cost savingof 9m,payback injust 2 months.RFF Railways France

1 year70 capacitor banks

installed, energyconsumption reducedby 10%,electricity bill optimisedby 18%, payback injust 1 year.Madrid Barrajasairport Spain

5%LV capacitor bank

and active filterinstalled, energyconsumptionreduced by 5%.POMA OTIStransportationsystems Switzerland

Solutions

1

DE90070

Before After


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Power Factor CorrectionPower FactorCorrection andharmonic filtering

Reduce your electricity bill by reducing your reactive energy

consumption.

Optimize the size of your electrical installation by increasing

the available capacity and reducing the dimensions

of your equipment (transformer, cables, etc.).

Improve energy quality and the service life of your equipment.

Contribute to environmental conservation by reducing losses

in transmission and distribution networks.

2

PE90086


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Harmonic filtering

Increase continuity of service by eliminating risks of stoppages

due to nuisance tripping.

Eliminate malfunctions of your electrical equipment by reducing

overheating, increasing its lifetime by up to 30%.

Benefit from the assurance provided by standardization

by anticipating the requirements of regulations currently being

prepared, deploying environmentally friendly solutions.

3

PE90087


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MV Power Factor Correctionand harmonic filtering


Energy - Transmission

EHV/HV substation HV capacitor banks

HV passive filters

Industry

MV/MV substations MV capacitor banks

MV passive filters

MV dynamic compensation

Surge suppressors

4

E003435

Energy - ProductionWind-power farms MV capacitor banks MV dynamic compensation

Blocking circuits


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InfrastructureMV/LV substation MV capacitor banks

Energy - Production

Solar power farms MV dynamic compensation

Blocking circuits

Energy - Distribution

MV/MV substation MV capacitor banks

MV passive filters

5


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6

MV Power Factor Correctionand harmonic filtering

To define the solutions to be employed, you must:

identify and quantify the problems to be solved (usually by an on-site audit); analyse the criticality of the installation and validate the objectives to be achieved.

The following table shows the typical solutions proposed for installations in various sectors

of activity.

Activity Fixed Automatic Dynamic Passive Surge Blockingbanks banks compensation filters suppressors circuits

Energy

Transmission

Distribution Wind-power Solar power Infrastructure

Water Tunnels

Airports

Industry

Paper Chemicals Plastics Glass-ceramics Iron and steel Mtallurgy Automotive industry Cement Mines-quarries Refineries

PE90075

PE90081

PE90076

PE90077

PE90078

PE90079

PE9

0080


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Quality & Environment

ISO 14001

ISO 9002

ISO 900 1

Up to10 %savings on yourenergy bill.

Schneider Electric

undertakesto reducethe energy bill andCO2 emissions ofits customers byproposing products,solutions andservices which fit inwith all levels ofthe energy valuechain.The power factorcorrection andharmonic filtering

offer form part ofthe energy efficiencyapproach.

PE56733

Quality certified ISO 9001,

ISO 9002 and ISO 14001A major strength

In each of its units, Schneider Electric has an operating organization

whose main role is to verify quality and ensure compliance with

standards. This procedure is:

uniform for all departments;

recognized by numerous customers and official organizations.

But, above all, its strict application has made it possible to obtain

the recognition of an independent organization: French QA

management organization AFAQ ("Association Franaise pour

lAssurance Qualit").The quality system for design and manufacturing is certified

in compliance with the requirements of the ISO 9001 Quality

Assurance model.

Stringent, systematic controls

During its manufacture, each equipment item undergoes systematic

routine tests to verify its quality and compliance:

measurement of operating capacity and tolerances;

measurement of losses;

dielectric testing;

checks on safety and locking systems;

checks on low-voltage components;

verification of compliance with drawings and diagrams.

The results obtained are recorded and initialled by

the Quality Control Department on the specific test certificate

for each device.

Jarylec*

Steel

Zinc

Epoxy resin

Brass

Paper, wood, cardboard

Tin-plated copper

Polypropylene (film)

Aluminium (film)

* Jarylec: dielectricliquid with no PCBor chlorine, compatiblewith the environment

31%

19%

10%

24%

7%

5%

2%

1%1%

Raw materials breakdown for MV capacitors


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8

A new solution for building your electricalinstallations

A comprehensive offerThe power factor correction and harmonic filtering offer form part of

a comprehensive offering of products perfectly coordinated

to meet all medium- and low-voltage power distribution needs.

All these products have been designed to operate together:

electrical, mechanical and communications consistency.

The electrical installation is accordingly both optimized and more

efficient:

improved continuity of service;

losses cut;

guarantee of scalability;

efficient monitoring and management.

You thus have all the trumps in hand in terms of expertise

and creativity for optimized, reliable, expandable and compliant

installations.

Tools for easier design and setupWith Schneider Electric, you have a complete range of tools

that support you in the knowledge and setup of products,

all this in compliance with the standards in force and standard

engineering practice.

These tools, technical notebooks and guides, design aid software,

training courses, etc. are regularly updated

Because eachelectrical installationis a specific case,

there is no universalsolution. The varietyof combinationsavailable to youallows you toachieve genuinecustomization oftechnical solutions.You can expressyour creativityand highlight yourexpertise in thedesign, developmentand operation of an

electrical installation.

Schneider Electric

joins forces withyour expertiseand your creativityfor optimized,reliable, expandableand compliantinstallations.

PE90088


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Main Contents

Protection systems 39

Components 45

Overview 1-8

MV capacitor banks 11

Special equipment 57

Installations and dimensions 65

Services 69

Design guide 73

9


Technical guide 79


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MV capacitor banksContents

11


Why compensate reactive energy? 12

Choice of compensation type 13Choice of compensation location 14

Choice of protection system type 15

Choice of coupling mode 16

Overview of offer 18

Functions and general characteristics 20

Banks for motor compensation 22Fixed bank CP 214 22

Fixed bank CP 214 SAH 24

Banks for industrial compensation 26Automatic bank CP 253 26

Automatic bank CP 253 SAH 28

Banks for global compensation 30Fixed bank CP 227 30

Banks for distribution and large site networks 32

Automatic bank CP 254 32

Banks for distribution networks 34Fixed bank CP 229 34

Banks for transport and distribution networks 36Fixed bank CP 230 36


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MV capacitorbanks Why compensate reactive energy?

Every electrical system (cable, line, transformer, motor, lighting, etc.)

employs two forms of energy: Active energy consumed (kWh).

This is fully transformed into mechanical, thermal or luminous power.

It corresponds to the active power P (kW) of the loads.

This is the useful energy.

Reactive energy consumed (kvarh).

It serves to magnetize motors and transformers. It corresponds to the

reactive power Q (kvar) of the loads.

It results in a phase difference () between the voltage and current.

This is an energy that is necessary but produces no work.

The reactive energy demanded by the loads is supplied by the electrical

network. This energy must be supplied in addition to the active energy.

This flow of reactive energy over the electrical networks results,due to a larger current demand, in:

additional voltage drops;

transformer overloading;

overheating in circuits... and hence losses.

For these reasons, it is necessary to produce reactive energy as close

as possible to the loads, to avoid demand for it on the network,thereby increasing the installations efficiency! This is what is called

"reactive energy compensation" or "power factor correction".

The easiest and commonest way of generating reactive energy is

to install capacitors on the network.

Compensating reactive energy makes it possible to

increase the capacity of the installation (transformers, cables) by

reducing the load;

reduce losses by Joule effect;

reduce voltage drops;

increase the installations service life by reducing overheating;

reduce the electricity bill.

Powergeneration

Transmissionnetwork Motor

Active energy Active energy

Reactive energy Reactive energy

Powergeneration

Transmissionnetwork Motor

Active energy Active energy

Reactive energy

Capacitors

DE90071

DE90071


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Choice of compensation type

13

MV capacitorbanks

A capacitor bank generally consists of several single-phase or three-phase capacitor units

assembled and interconnected to produce very powerful systems.

The capacitor banks are branch-mounted on the network.

They may be of fixed or automatic type.

Fixed bank

The entire bank is put into operation, with a fixed value of kvar.

This is on/off type operation.

This type of compensation is used:

when their reactive power is low (15% of the power of the upstream transformer)

and the load is relatively stable;

on HV and EHV transmission networks for power values of up to 100 Mvar.

Automatic bankThe bank is divided up into steps with capability for switching on or off a smaller or larger

number of steps automatically. This is a permanent adjustment to the reactive power demand,

due to load fluctuations.

This type of bank is very commonly used by certain heavy industries (high installed capacity)

and energy distributors in source substations. It allows step-by-step regulation of reactive energy.

Each step is operated by a switch or contactor.

Capacitor step switching on or off can be controlled by power factor controllers. For this

purpose, the network current and voltage information must be available upstream

of the banks and loads.

Choice of bank type according to the harmonics

The presence of nonlinear loads (variable speed drives, inverters, etc.) creates harmoniccurrents and voltages. The compensation equipment will be chosen according to the magnitude

of these harmonics:

Either the installation has no significant harmonics and there is no risk of resonance.

In this case a bank appropriate for networks with a low harmonic level (standard type) is chosen.

Or the installation has a significant level of harmonics and/or there is a risk of resonance.

In such cases a bank provided with a detuning reactor, appropriate for networks with a high

harmonic level, is chosen.


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MV capacitorbanks Choice of compensation location

Individual

Individual compensation is recommended especially when a loadof power greater than 300 kW is present, and if it remains energized

during most working hours. This is especially the case of motors driving

machines with great inertia: centrifuges, compressors and fans,

for example.

Operation of the switch specific to the load in this case automatically

causes capacitor switching on or off. The production of reactive energy

takes place directly at the place where it is consumed.

For the whole length of the power cable this results in a reduction

in the reactive current load. Individual compensation therefore makes

a major contribution to the reduction in apparent power, losses

and voltage drops in conductors.

Partial/by sectorIn the case of compensation by sector (or workshop), several loads

are connected to a joint capacitor bank which is operated by its own

switchgear. In large installations, the bank compensates all the reactive

energy consumers in a workshop or a sector.

This form of compensation is recommended for installations

where a number of loads are put into operation simultaneously

and in a manner virtually reproducible over time.

Partial compensation has the advantage of entailing lower capital

investment costs than individual compensation. This is because

calculation of the power of a permanently installed capacitor bank takes

into account expansion of the sector load. However, the load curves

must be well known beforehand in order to correctly size the capacitor

banks and avoid risks of over-compensation (reactive power supplied

exceeding the demand). Over-compensation generally results in the

local occurrence of permanent overvoltages which cause premature

electrical equipment ageing.

GlobalIn the case of global compensation, the production of reactive energy

is grouped in a single place, usually in the transformer substation.

However, it is not necessary for the capacitors to be installed precisely

at the metering level. On the contrary, it is recommended to install

the capacitors in an appropriate location which takes into accountvarious constraints such as space requirements.

The capacitors have a good duty factor; the layout is clear; supervision

of the installation and its various parts is easier than in the case of

compensation by sector. Finally, if stepped automatic adjustment

is adopted, there will in this case be good follow-up of the plants load

curve, which avoids operations by personnel (manual switching on/off).

This solution is economically worthwhile if the load variations are not

attributable to specific loads.

Individual compensation

DE90072

Partial compensation /by sector

DE90072

Total compensation

DE90072


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Choice of protection system type

15

MV capacitorbanks

Internal fuses

Each capacitance element of the capacitor is protected by a fuse.Any fault in this element will result in fuse blowing. The defective element

will thus be eliminated. The result will be a slight capacitance variation

and the voltage will be distributed over the sound elements in series.

Protection by internal fuses increases the availability of capacitor banks,

because the loss of one element no longer systematically results

in tripping of the bank (see details in PROPIVAR technical description).

Unbalance protectionThe bank is divided into two star connections (see diagram on page 16).

When there is a capacitance unbalance (variation in capacitance

of a capacitor), a current flowing between the 2 neutrals appears.

This current is detected by a current transformer and an unbalance relay.

This differential arrangement is a sensitive protection system, independent

of network interference, very suitable whatever the power values.

PE90089


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MV capacitorbanks Choice of coupling mode

To form banks of great power, there are several possibilities for cabling

or connection by combination of capacitor units, namely: delta connection: three-phase capacitors (without internal fuse)

coupled in parallel;

double star connection of single-phase capacitors (with or without

internal fuse);

H connection.

Choice of coupling mode depends on:

the characteristics, mains voltage and power of the bank;

the type of compensation, fixed or automatic (stepped);

the type of protection system:

- capacitor with or without internal fuse;

- differential (unbalance) or with MV fuses;

economic imperatives.

Example of deltaconnection

Example of double starconnection

Example of H connection(by phase)

DE90073

DE90073

DE90099


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Q (kvar) / 600 900 1 200 2 000 2 400 3 000 3 500 4 000 6 000U network (kV)

3,3

4,16

5,5

6,6

10

11

13,2

13,8

15

20

22

30

33

Recommended configuration

YY connection6 single-phase

capacitors

YY connection of 12 single-phase capacitors (series)

Delta connection1 or 2 three-phase

capacitors

YY connection9 or 12 capacitors

PE90090

PE90091


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MV capacitorbanks Overview of offer

Industrial application

Applications Motor compensation Industrial compensationFixed bank Automatic bank

Reference CP214 CP214SAH* CP253

Three-lines diagrams

Maximum voltage Up to 12 kV Up to 12kV

Connection mode Three-phase capacitors with delta connection Three-phase capacitorsup to 900 kvar,single-phase capacitorswith double starconnection above

Type of protection HRC fuses (**) HRC fuses

Maximum power**** 2 x 450, i.e. 900 kvar Up to 4500 kvar

Comments

* SAH: Detuning Reactor

** HRC: High Rupturing Capacity

*** CT: Current Transformer

**** For larger power rating, please contact us

CP 214 CP 227SAH CP 253 CP 254

PE90107

PB101996

_SE

PB102003

_SE

PB102001

_SE

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082


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All applications Energy application

Industrial compensation Global compensation Distribution system Distribution system DistributionAutomatic bank Fixed bank Large sites Fixed bank and Transport system

Automatic bank Fixed bank

CP253SAH* CP227 CP254 CP229 CP230

Up to 12 kV Up to 36kV From 12 to 36 kV Up to 36 kV Above 36 kV

Three-phase capacitors Single-phase capacitors with double star connection Single-phase capacitorsup to 900 kvar, with double starsingle-phase capacitors or H connectionwith double starconnection above

HRC fuses Unbalance by CT*** Unbalance by CT*** and relay

and relay

Up to 4000 kvar 12 x 600, i.e. 7200 kvar 12 x 480, i.e. 5760 kvar Please contact us Please contact us

SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request

CP 229 CP 230

PE90108

PE90084

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082


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MV capacitorbanks Functions and general characteristics

* Standard offer; for other values, please contact us

: standard

: optional functions

CP 214 CP 253 CP 227 CP 254 CP 229 CP 230Mains voltage 7.2 kV

12 kV

24 kV

36 kV

52 kV

Compensation and Filtering

Bank power* kvar 900 4 500 7 200 5 760

Steps quantity 1 5* 1 5* 1 1

type fixed auto fixed auto fixed fixed

Capacitor connection delta

double star H

Detuning reactor Capacitor protection

Inrush reactors (N/A with DR)

Fuse protection

Blown fuse indicator

Unbalance protection Quick discharge reactor (< 24 kV)

Switch

Measuring

Current transformer

Voltage transformer

People safety

Earthing switch

3-pole

5-pole

Line disconnector with earthing switch Interlock

Control and regulation

Control and mounted on door monitoring unit separated

Automatic controller standard communication

Auto/local selector switch Ingress protection

IP IP00

IP23

IP54

Double roof

Connection

Cable entry bottom

top Access with door


23/10021

Service conditions

Ambient air temperature 40C. 30 C average per 24h. -25C.

Altitude

1000m.

Atmosphere

Clean industrial air (no dust, fumes, gases or corrosive or flammable vapours, and no salt).

Humidity

Mean relative humidity value over 24h < 95%.

Special service conditions(please, consult us)Schneider Electric develops solutions to meet the following special conditions:

Temperature from -40C to +50C (derating, ventilation).

Corrosive atmospheres, vibrations (adaptations where applicable).

Altitude > 1000 m (derating).

Storage conditions

To conserve all the qualities of the functional unit in the event of extended storage,

we recommend storing the equipment in its original packaging, in a dry location,

sheltered from rain and sun and at a temperature ranging between -25C and +55C.

Standards

The equipment proposed in this offer has been designed, manufactured and tested

in accordance with the requirements of the following standards and recommendations:

High-voltage capacitors: CEI 60871-1&2, BS 1650, VDE 0560, C22-2 N190-M1985, NEMA CP1.

High-voltage circuit breakers: IEC 56.

Current transformers: IEC 60044.

Earthing switch: IEC 129C.

Relays, Power factor controller: IEC 60010.

Quick discharge reactors, Damping reactors: IEC 60076-6.

Insulators: IEC 168 - 273 - 815.

High-voltage contactors: IEC 420 / IEC 470.

High-voltage fuses: IEC 282.1 / IEC 787.

Common electrical characteristics Tolerance on bank power rating: 0/+10% (0/+5%, power > 3 Mvar).

Relative capacitance variation with temperature: -3,5.10-4/C

Insulation coordination

Highest voltage for the equipment Power-frequency withstand Impulse withstandUM (kV) voltage (kV rms, 50 Hz - 1 mn) voltage (kV peak, 1.2 / 50s)

7.2 20 60

12 28 75

17.5 38 95

24 50 125

36 70 170


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MV capacitorbanks Banks for motor compensation

Insulation up to 12 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzFixed bank CP214

Application

The CP214 banks are used for reactive energy compensation in medium-voltage networks.This solution is especially suitable for individual motor compensation. The banks are designed

for use in electrical networks up to 12 kV.

The banks are delta-connected (three-phase capacitors). HRC fuses provide protection against

internal faults. The proposed CP214 compensation banks can be installed indoors or outdoors,

mounted in aluminium or steel enclosures.

Small size

Specially designed for motor compensation

4

2

53

1

6

1: Frame

2: Insulators

3: Quick discharge reactors

4: Fuses

5: Inrushj reactors

6: Capacitors

DE90066


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Electrical characteristics

DE90058

Power(kvar)

Mains voltage (kV)

DE90059

Mains voltage (kV)

Power(kvar)

Composition

Each CP214 bank comprises the following components:

A frame in painted aluminium and steel panels (RAL 9002), IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR single-phase capacitors (1 or 2 elements depending on the power of the bank).

Three inrush current limiting reactors.

Three HRC fuses (with striker).

Options

Outdoor type enclosure

(panels in unpainted aluminium).

Double roof for outdoor type enclosure.

General view, dimensions and three-lines diagram

H: 1700 mm, L: 900 mm, D: 1200 mm.

Approximate weight: 400 to 560 kg.

L D

H

MT20135

DE90100

Set of 2 quick discharge reactors.

Door with lock.

Blown fuse indicator.


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MV capacitorbanks Banks for motor compensation

Insulation up to 12 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzFixed bank CP214 SAH

Application

The CP 214 SAH medium-voltage capacitor banks are designed for use in electrical networksup to 12 kV. The CP214 SAH banks are used for reactive energy compensation

in medium-voltage networks containing harmonics.

This range is especially suitable for individual MV motor compensation.

The banks are delta-connected (three-phase capacitors). HRC fuses provide protection against internal

faults. The proposed CP214SAH compensation banks can be installed indoors or outdoors, mounted

in aluminium or steel enclosures.

Small size

Specially designed for motor compensation

Suitable for networks with high harmonic levels

5

4

1

2

6

3 1: Frame2: Insulators


4: Fuses

5: Detuning reactors

6: Capacitors

DE90106


27/10025

L D

H

80

DE90062

DE90061

Power(kvar)

Mains voltage (kV)

DE90060

Power(kvar)

Mains voltage (kV)


Composition

Each CP214SAH bank comprises the following elements:

A frame in painted aluminium and steel panels (RAL 9002), IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR single-phase capacitors (1 or 2 elements depending on the power of the bank).

Three HRC fuses (with striker).

A three-phase detuning reactor (dry type with magnetic core and natural convection cooling).

Options

Outdoor type enclosure (panels in unpainted aluminium).


Sets of two quick discharge reactors: 7.2 - 12 kV. Door with lock.

Double roof for outdoor type.


H: 1900 mm, L: 2000 mm, D: 1100 mm.


DE90100b


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MV capacitorbanks Banks for industrial compensation

Insulation up to 12 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzAutomatic bank CP253

Application

The CP253 medium-voltage capacitor banks are designed for use in electrical networks up to 12 kV.They are used for total installation compensation, when the load level is fluctuating.

The 1 step CP253 model is mainly designed for individual compensation of MV motors to avoid

the risk of self-excitation.

These banks are delta-connected (three-phase capacitors) and the HRC fuses provide protection

against internal faults. An optional cubicle containing a power factor controller can be used to control

the steps, thus forming an automatic compensation bank. For steps power values greater than 900

kvar, single-phase capacitors connected in double star will be used (maximum of 12 capacitors,

maximum power 4500 kvar).

Total installation compensation

Fluctuating load level

Ease of access to components

Simplified maintenance

Easy installation

2

1

6

4

5

7

3

1: Frame

2: Insulators


4: Fuses

5: Contactors

6: Capacitors

7: Inrush reactors

DE90107


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Mains Steps kvar - 60 Hzvoltage (kV) Min. Max.2.4 1 20 240

2 40 4803 80 7204 140 9605 1 000 1 200

4.16 1 60 7202 120 1 4403 240 2 1604 420 2 8805 3 000 3 600

6.6 1 60 7202 120 1 4403 240 2 1604 420 2 880

5 3 000 3 60010 1 125 7502 250 1 5003 500 2 2504 1 000 3 0005 1 890 3 750


Options

Outdoor type enclosure.


Door with lock.

Control and monitoring cubicle

for "n" steps.



2 60 7203 120 1 0804 210 1 4405 1 500 1 800

5. 5 1 35 4202 70 8403 140 1 2604 245 1 6805 1 750 2 100

6 1 40 4802 80 9603 160 1 4404 280 1 920

5 2 000 2 4006.3 1 45 5402 90 1 0803 180 1 6204 315 2 1605 2 250 2 700

6.6 1 50 6002 100 1 2003 200 1 8004 350 2 4005 2 500 3 000

10 1 105 6302 210 1 2603 420 1 8904 840 2 5205 1 575 3 150

11 1 125 7602 250 1 5203 500 2 2804 1 000 3 0405 1 890 3 800

Composition

Each CP253 bank comprises the following

elements:

An enclosure in unpainted aluminium or

galvanized steel, IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR three-phase capacitors

(1 or 2 elements per step). One ROLLARC SF6 contactor per step.

Three inrush current limiting reactors per step.

Three HRC fuses (with striker) per step.

L D

H

80

DE90074

H L D1 step 2 000 1 500 1 600

2 steps 2 000 2 600 1 600

3 steps 2 000 3 700 1 600

4 steps 2 000 4 800 1 600

5 steps 2 000 5 900 1 600

H L Dstep 2 000 1 500 1 00

5 ste s 2 000 5 900 1 600

4 steps 2 000 4 800 1 600

s e s 2 7 1

2 ste s 2 000 2 600 1 600

DE90102

Step auto/manual selector switch.

Sets of two quick discharge reactors:

7.2 - 12 kV.


Earthing switch.


30/10028

MV capacitorbanks Banks for industrial compensation

Insulation up to 12 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzAutomatic bank CP253 SAH

Application

The CP253 SAH medium-voltage capacitor banks are designed for use in electrical networksup to 12 kV. The CP253 SAH banks are used for automatic reactive energy compensation in

medium-voltage networks with a high harmonic level. This solution is particularly suitable

for total installation compensation where the load level is fluctuating.

These banks are delta-connected (three-phase capacitors) and the HRC fuses provide protection

against internal faults. An optional cubicle containing a power factor controller can be used to control

the steps, thus forming an automatic compensation bank. For steps power values greater than

900 kvar, single-phase capacitors connected in double star will be used (maximum of 12 capacitors,

maximum power 4500 kvar).



Ease of access to components Simplified maintenance

Easy installation

Suitable for networks with a high harmonic level

1

2

3

4

5

6

1: Frame

2: Insulators

3: Fuses

4: Contactors

5: Capacitors


DE90108


31/10029


2 40 5203 80 7804 140 1 0405 1 050 1 300

4.16 1 65 7802 130 1 5603 260 2 3404 455 3 1205 3 250 3 900

6.6 1 65 7702 130 1 5403 260 2 3104 455 3 080

5 3 200 3 85010 1 125 7502 250 1 5003 500 2 2504 1 000 3 0005 1 890 3 750

Mains Steps kvar - 50 Hzvoltage (kV) Min. Max.3.3 1 32,5 400

2 65 8003 130 1 2004 230 1 6005 1 650 2 000

5.5 1 37,5 4502 75 9003 150 1 3504 265 1 8005 1 850 2 250

6 1 42,5 5102 85 1 0203 170 1 5304 300 2 040

5 2 100 2 5506.3 1 47,5 580

2 95 1 1603 190 1 7404 335 2 3205 2 400 2 900

6.6 1 52,5 6402 105 1 2803 210 1 9204 370 2 5605 2 650 3 200

10 1 110 6702 220 1 3403 440 2 0104 880 2 6805 1 665 3 350

11 1 135 8102 270 1 6203 540 2 4304 1 080 3 2405 2 020 4 050


Options



Door with lock.

Control and monitoring cubicle

for "n" steps.


Composition

Each CP253SAH bank comprises the following

elements:

An enclosure in unpainted aluminium or

galvanized steel, IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR three-phase capacitors

(1 or 2 elements per step).

One ROLLARC SF6 contactor per step. A detuning reactor (dry type, with magnetic

core, air cooling) per step.

Three HRC fuses (with striker) per step.

L D

H

80

DE90075

H L D

1 step 2 000 1 500 2 400

2 steps 2 000 2 600 2 400

3 steps 2 000 3 700 2 400

4 steps 2 000 4 800 2 400

5 steps 2 000 5 900 2 400

s ep 2 1 2

s eps

step

3 ste s 2 000 3 700 2 400

2 steps 2 000 2 600 2 400

DE90102b


Sets of two quick discharge reactors:

7.2 - 12 kV.


Earthing switch.


32/10030

MV capacitorbanks Banks for global compensation


Application

The CP227 medium-voltage capacitor banks are designed for use in electrical networksup to 36 kV. This range is mainly used for total installation compensation.

These banks are connected in double star and the unbalance current detection system

provides protection against internal faults. The proposed CP227 compensation banks

can be installed outdoors or indoors, mounted in aluminium or steel enclosures.

NB: CP 227 SAH fixed banks with detuning reactor are designed and proposed on request.




Easy installation

2

4

3

1

5

1: Frame


3: Unbalance CT

4: Inrush reactors

5: Capacitors

DE90067


33/10031

L D

80

DE90064


Composition

Each CP227 bank comprises the following elements:

An enclosure in unpainted aluminium or galvanized steel, IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR capacitors (6, 9 or 12 elements depending on the power of the bank).


A current transformer for unbalance protection.

Options

Outdoor type enclosure (panels in

unpainted aluminium). Double roof for outdoor type enclosure.

Door with lock.


DE90063

Po

wer(kvar)

Po

wer(kvar)

Mains voltage (kV) Mains voltage (kV)

Insulation up to 24 kV: H: 2000 mm, L: 1400 mm, D: 1400 mm.

36 kV insulation: H: 2000 mm, L: 3000 mm, D: 2100 mm.


H

DE90101

Sets of two quick discharge reactors by steps.

Unbalance protection relay (suppliedseparately).

Earthing switch.


34/10032

MV capacitorbanks Banks for distribution

and large sites networksInsulation up to 36 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzAutomatic bank CP254

Application

The CP254 medium-voltage capacitor banks are designed for use in electrical networks up to36 kV. They are used for total installation compensation, when the load level is fluctuating.

These banks are connected in double star and the unbalance current detection system provides

protection against internal faults. Several banks (in that case called steps) can be controlled

by a power factor controller to form an automatic capacitor bank. The steps are connected in

parallel with power cables (outside our scope of supply).






Easy installation

4

6

3

1

2

7

1: Frame2: Insulators of earthing switch



5: Unbalance CT

6: Capacitors

7: SF6 switch

DE90109


35/10033

Mains voltage (kV) kvar - 50 HzMin. Max.

15 600 4 20020 600 4 80022 720 5 76030 1 200 4 80033 1 440 5 760

Mains voltage (kV) kvar - 60 HzMin. Max.

13.8 600 4 20033 1 740 6 960

Options



Door with lock.

Unbalance protection relay (supplied separately)*.

Three-pole / Five-pole earthing switch.

Ligne Current Transformer.

Voltage Transformer.

Sets of two quick discharge reactors.

Control and monitoring cubicle for n steps.


* 2 relays are used for banks having capacitors with internal fuses; a single relay is required when there are no internal

fuses. If the monitoring and protection cubicle option is selected, the relays are installed in the cubicle.


Composition

Each CP254 bank comprises the following elements:

An enclosure in unpainted aluminium or galvanized steel, IP 23 for indoor installation.

PROPIVAR capacitors (6, 9 or 12 elements per step depending on the power of the bank).

An SF6 switch.


A current transformer for unbalance protection.

Insulation up to 24 kV

H: 2000 mm, L: 2600 mm, D: 1400 mm.

36 kV insulation

H: 2100 mm, L: 3000 mm, D: 2100 mm.


L D

H

80

DE90076

DE90103



36/10034

MV capacitorbanks Banks for distribution networks


Application

The banks of the CP229 range are mounted in aluminium racks.They are used for reactive energy compensation in medium-voltage networks.

This high power range is designed for total compensation of large industrial plants

and power distribution systems.

These banks are connected in double star (up to 36 capacitors) and the unbalance current

detection system provides protection against internal faults.


Total plant compensation

Suitable for high power



Easy installation

1

2

4

7

6

5

3

1: Frame

2: Insulators

3: Unbalance CT

4: Supporting stands

5: Capacitors

6: Copper busbar

7: Connection pad

DE90068


37/10035


Rated frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Insulation up to 36 kV.

Reactive power of 5.4 to 18 Mvar; maximum of 30 capacitors in standard configuration.

For higher power values, please contact us.

Tolerance on capacitance value: 0, +5%.

Options

Inrush reactors (supplied separately).

General view and three-lines diagram

DE900

65

DE90104


38/10036

MV capacitorbanks Banks for transport and distribution

networksInsulation up to 245 kV 50 Hz / 60 HzFixed bank CP230

Application

These capacitor banks are custom designed, in accordance with customer specifications.Generally, they are used on high-voltage networks to increase the lines transmission capacity

and reduce voltage drops.

The banks of the CP230 range are mounted in aluminium or galvanised steel frames. Schneider

Electric can propose capacitor banks for networks up to 230 kV.

HV and EHV compensation

Special design adapted to customer specifications

Adaptation to site conditions

Simple, robust installation

9

4

5

7

6

3

10

2

1

8

11

1: Frame

2, 3 & 4: Insulators

5: Supports

6: Lifting rings

7: Connection pad

8: Capacitors

9: Inrush reactors

10: Neutral busbar

11: Unbalance CT

DE90069


39/10037


Rated frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Insulation: up to 245 kV.

Maximum reactive power: 100 Mvar, for higher values, please contact us.

Tolerance on capacitance value: 0, +5%.

Inrush current limiting reactors: single-phase reactors, dry type

air core.

General view and three-lines diagram

DE90077

DE90105


40/100


41/100

Protection systemsContents

39


Types of faults in capacitor banks 40

People safety 41Protection of capacitors 42


42/10040

Protectionsystems Types of faults in capacitor banks

Element short circuit in a capacitor

Without internal protection (Fig. 1)Elements wired in parallel are therefore bypassed by the short circuited

unit (cf. Propivar capacitors, p.46).

The capacitors impedance is modified.

The voltage applied is distributed over one set less in series.

Each set is therefore subjected to a higher voltage stress, which may

cause other element failures in cascade until complete short circuit.

Initial voltage of element, UNE (equal to UN/4) becomes, after fault, equal

to UN/3, either 1.33 UNE.

With internal protection (Fig. 2)

Blowing of the internal fuse linked in series eliminates the short circuited

element.

The capacitor stays in service. Its impedance is "slightly" modified accordingly.

Overload

Overload is due to a permanent or temporary overcurrent:

permanent overcurrent due to:

- a rise in the supply voltage;

- the circulation of a harmonic current due to the presence of nonlinear

loads such as static converters (rectifiers, variable speed drives),

arc furnaces, etc.;

temporary overcurrent due to energizing of steps of a bank.An overload results in overheating which is harmful to dielectric

strength, and causes premature capacitor ageing.

Short circuit (two- and three-phase)

The short circuit is an internal or external fault between live conductors,

either phase-to-phase (delta-connected capacitors), or phase-to-neutral

(star-connected capacitors). External short circuits may be due to

external overvoltages (lightning stroke, switching surge) or insulation

faults (foreign bodies modifying clearances).

They result in electric arcs causing material peeling, overpressures

and electrodynamic forces. Internal short circuits result in electric arcsin the oil, which causes the appearance of gas in the sealed enclosure

leading to violent overpressures which can cause rupture of

the enclosure and leakage of the dielectric.

Phase-to-earth fault

The earth fault consists either of an internal fault between a live part of

the capacitor and the frame consisting of the metal enclosure which is

earthed (for protection of human life), or an external fault between live

conductors and the frame.

The effects of the short circuit depend on the sum of the fault impedanceand the loop impedance (which depends on the networks earthing system).

The resulting current may be very low and inadequate to cause blowing

of external fuses, which may result in a gradual overpressure (accumulation

of gases) and heavy stresses on the enclosure.

The main faults that can affect a capacitor

bank are: Element short circuit in a capacitor.

Overload.

Short circuit (two- and three-phase).

Phase-to-earth fault.

Figure 1: Wafer short circuit without

internal fuse protection

1.33 IN

If=1.33 IN

1.33 UNE

1.33 UNE

1.33 UNE

Figure 2: Wafer short circuit

with internal fuse protection

0.978 UNE

0.978 UNE

0.978 UNE

1.067 UNE

0.978 INDE90056

DE90057


43/10041

People safetyProtectionsystems

Digital protection relays

It performs protection against the various types of fault. Phase-to-earth fault by earth overcurrent protection (ANSI 50N-51N)

which allows detection of overcurrents due to phase-to-earth faults.

It uses measurement of the fundamental component of the earth current.

Overload by thermal overload protection (ANSI 49 RMS) which

can protect capacitors against overloads based on measurement

of current drawn.

Short circuit by phase overcurrent protection (ANSI 50-51) which

allows detection of overcurrents due to phase-to-phase faults. It uses

measurement of the fundamental component of the currents coming

from 2 or 3 phase CT current transformers.

Quick discharge reactorThe installation of two quick discharge reactors (PT potential

transformers) between phases of the bank allows capacitor

discharge time to be reduced from 10 minutes to about 10 seconds.

This reduction in discharge time provides:

safety for personnel during any servicing operations;

a reduction in waiting time prior to earthing (closing of the earthing

switch).

No more than 3 consecutive discharges are acceptable

and it is essential to comply with a 2-hour rest period (for cooling)

before starting a sequence again.

Earthing switch

This is a safety-critical component, designed to ground and discharge

capacitors prior to maintenance to allow human intervention

on the installation in complete safety.

The capacitor terminals must be earthed and kept earthed while

the servicing operation is in progress.

Line disconnector

The disconnector is an electromechanical device allowing mechanical

separation of an electric circuit and its power supply, while physically

ensuring an adequate isolation distance. The aim may be to ensure

the safety of personnel working on the isolated part of the electrical

network or to eliminate part of the network at fault.Medium-voltage line disconnectors are often combined with

an earthing switch.

The main devices contributing to people safety

in reactive energy compensation equipment are: Digital protection relay

(phase-to-earth fault, short circuit).

Quick discharge reactors.

Earthing switch.

External fuses.

Earthing switch

PE90101

Quick discharge reactors

PE90102


44/10042

Protectionsystems Protection of capacitors

The main capacitor protection devices are:

Internal fuses. External fuses.

Inrush reactors.

Unbalance protection relays.

Digital protection relay (overload).

Fig. 1: Internal fuse blowing caused by discharge of

the energy stored in the capacitor elements coupled

in parallel

Internal fuses

Propivar capacitors (single-phase capacitors) can be supplied withprotection by an internal fuse combined with each element.

In the event of failure of one element, it will be disconnected and

isolated. Failure of an element can occur:

when the capacitors voltage is close to maximum magnitude. In this

case, power stored in the capacitances of the parallel elements causes

blowing of the internal fuse (Fig. 1);

when the capacitors voltage is close to zero. Circulation of total

capacitor current causes blowing of the internal fuse (Fig. 2).

Instantaneous disconnection of the short-circuited element Lower maintenance costs

Continuity of service maintained

Possibility of planned preventive maintenance operation

(monitoring of the capacitor element)

Fig. 2: Internal fuse blowing caused when

the capacitors voltage is close to zero

DE90078

DE90079


45/10043

Inrush reactors

Inrush reactors are connected in series to each step and serves to limit

the current peak which occurs during switch-on operations.

The inductance value is chosen to ensure that the peak current

occurring during operations always remain less than 100 times

the current rating of the bank.

Main characteristics:

Air-core reactors, dry type.

Single-phase configuration.

Indoor or outdoor installation.

In compliance with IEC or equivalent standards.

Unbalance protection

This protection generally applies to banks of:

medium or high power ( > 1200 kvar);

provided with single-phase capacitors;

double star connection compulsory.

Unbalance or differential protection is a protection system capable

of detecting and responding to a partial capacitor fault.

It consists of a current transformer connected between two electrically

balanced points combined with a current relay. In the event of a fault

in a capacitor, the result is an unbalance, hence a circulating current

in the current transformer which will cause, via the relay, openingof the banks switchgear (circuit breaker, switch, contactor, etc.).

Note: there is no unbalance protection with three-phase capacitors.

External fuses

The external fuses for capacitors are designed to eliminate capacitorsat fault, so as to allow the other steps of the bank to which the unit

is connected to continue to operate. They also eliminate external

sparkover on capacitor bushings. The operation of an external fuse

is generally determined by the fault current supplied by the network

and by the discharge energy coming from the capacitors connected

in parallel with the capacitor at fault.

The initial failure is usually an individual element (wafer) of

the capacitor. This failure results in a short circuit which applies to

all the elements in parallel and thus eliminates a series set of elements.

If the cause of the initial failure remains, failure of the successive series

sets (which sustain a voltage increase with each elimination of a series

set) will occur. This causes a current increase in the capacitor until

the external fuse operates, eliminating the failed capacitor fromthe circuit.

Protection by external HRC (High Rupturing Capacity) fuses

incorporated in the bank is very suitable (technically and economically)

for capacitor banks of:

low power (< 1 200 kvar);

provided with three-phase capacitors;

mains voltage < 12 kV.

The fuse rating will be chosen with a value ranging between 1.7 and 2.2

times the current rating of the bank (1.5 to 2.2 with detuning reactors).

Blowing of HRC fuses is generally caused by a non-resistive short

circuit. The blown fuse indication is a visual means of checking

the state of the fuse.

Current transformer for unbalance protection

PE90104

Inrush reactors

PE90103

HRC fuses

PE9

0092


46/100


47/100

ComponentsContents

45


MV Propivar capacitor 46

Varlogic power factor controller 48Current Transformer 49

Potential Transformer 49

Detuning or filtering reactor 50

Rollarc contactor SF1& SF2 circuit breakers 51

SF1& SF2 circuit breakers 52

Control and monitoring unit 53

Digital protection relay: Sepam 54


48/10046

Components MV Propivar capacitor

Propivar capacitors are used to build capacitor

banks for reactive energy compensationon medium- and high-voltage networks.

Through various assemblies, they can cover

various reactive power ratings according to

the mains voltage, frequency and level

of harmonic distortion of the network.

Single-phase Propivar

Description

A medium-voltage Propivar capacitor takes the form of a metalenclosure with terminals on top.

This enclosure contains a set of capacitor elements. Wired in series-

parallel groups, they can form unit elements of high power

for high network voltages. Two types are proposed:

with internal fuses (single-phase capacitor), available with Q > 150 kvar;

without internal fuse (three-phase or single-phase capacitor).

These capacitors are provided with discharge resistors to reduce

the residual voltage to 75 V, 10 minutes after their switching off.

On request, the capacitors can be supplied with resistors to reduce

the residual voltage to 50 V in 5 minutes, or without discharge resistor.

CompositionThe capacitor elements forming the Propivar capacitor are made of:

aluminium sheet armatures;

polypropylene films;

a PCB chlorine free dielectric fluid.

Main characteristics

Propivar capacitors have a long service life increased by their thermal

resistance and their low losses, their chemical stability and

their resistance to overvoltages and overcurrents.

Thermal resistance

At low temperature, these capacitors start up without any special

precautions.At higher ambient temperatures, they sustain very slight heating,

so that there is no risk of modification of the dielectric insulation

properties.

Chemical stability

Transient surges in networks and partial discharge levels in enclosures

cause accelerated ageing of capacitor elements. The exceptionally long

service life of Propivar capacitors is due to the intrinsic properties

of the dielectric fluid, namely:

very high chemical stability;

high power of absorption of gases generated during partial

discharges;

very high dielectric strengthOvervoltage and overcurrent resistance

Capacitors can accept:

an overvoltage of 1.10 UN, 12 h per day;

an overvoltage at power frequency of 1.15 UN, 30 minutes per day;

a permanent overcurrent of 1.3 IN.

Their resistance is verified (EDF certification) by:

1000 non-consecutive cycles at an overvoltage level of 2.25 UN

(cycle duration 12 periods);

ageing tests at 1.4 UN (3,000 hours).

Propivar capacitor with internal fuse, built with

4 series group of 12, parallel elements complete

with discharge resistors

052312

_SE

DB108807


49/10047

Insulation voltage

In accordance with Standard IEC 60871-1 and 2.

Highest voltage for the equipment Um

kV 7.2 12 17.5 24 36

Insulation level

kV rms, 50 Hz-1 mn 20 28 38 50 70

kV impulse, 1,2/50 s 60 75 95 125 170

Highest voltage for the equipment Um

kV 5.5 15.5 19.8 27.5 38

Insulation level

kV rms, 50 Hz-1 mn 24 30 36 50 70kV impulse, 1,2/50 s 75 95 125 150 200

In accordance with Standard NEMA CP1 applicable in some

North American countries (USA, Canada).

Environmental protection

The Propivar capacitor contains a dielectric liquid with no PCB

or chlorine, compatible with the environment.

Other characteristics

Operating frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Temperature range(1) -40 to +50C

Average loss factor 0.16 W/kvar with internal fuses

at 20C after stabilization 0.12 W/kvar without internal fuseMaximum Three-phase 450 kvar

nominal capacitor

reactive power(2) Single-phase 600 kvar

capacitor

Tolerance -5 % to +15 %

on capacitance value

Relative capacitance -3.5 . 10-4/C

variation C/C per CConnection on resin terminals for cables of cross section 50 mm2

Sealed welded enclosure Thickness 1.5 mm Material: stainless steel 304L

Colour RAL 7038 grey

Corrosion protection treatment

Fastening by 2 pierced lugs for M10 screws

(1) +55)C on request - (2) Other power ratings, please consult us

DB113002

DB113001

Single-phase Propivar Three-phase Propivar


50/10048

Components Varlogic power factor controller

Varlogic controllers constantly measure

the installations reactive powerand manage connection and disconnection

of capacitor steps to obtain the desired

power factor.

The NRC12 can manage up to 12 capacitor

steps and has extensive functionalities

including Modbus communication (optional).

It simplifies the commissioning, monitoring

and maintenance of power factor

correction equipment.

NRC12 technical specifications

Number of steps 12

Dimensions 155 x 158 x 80 mm

Frequency 50 Hz nominal (range 48...52 Hz)

60 Hz nominal (range 58...62 Hz)

Monitoring current 01 A or 0...5 A

Monitoring voltage* 80690 V (nominal, max. 115%)

Measured power

display 100 000 kVA

Nominal consumption 13 VA

Tensions dalimentation 110 V nominal, (range 88...130 V)

230 V nominal, (range 185...265 V)

400 V nominal, (range 320...460 V)

Output relay 250 V, 2 A

Screen Graphic display, resolution 64x128 pixels, backlitDegree of protection IP41 front panel, IP20 rear panel

Target pf (cos ) range 0.85 ind 1.00 0.90 cap

Response current C/K 0.01 ... 1.99, symmetric or asymmetric

Reconnection time 10900 s

Response time 20 % reconnexion time, min. 10 s

Values displayed cos , Iact, Ireact, Iapp, IRMS/I1, P, Q, S, THD (U)

and harmonic voltages, THD(I) and harmonic current,

internal and external temperature

Type of installation Flush mounting or on DIN rail

Enclosure Impact-resistant PC/ABS, UL94V-0

Operating temperature 060C

Alarm history List of the last 5 alarms

Stepped meter Yes

Fan control

by dedicated relay Yes. 250 Vac, 8A

Alarm contact Yes. 250 Vac, 8A

TC range 25/1 6000/1 or 25/5 6000/5

Detection Response time > 15 ms

of voltage dips

Communication Modbus protocol with CCA-01 (option)

Varlogic NRC12

PB10033

_SE

PB10032

_SE

* Voltage transformer ratio input allows display/monitoring of primary voltage

in MV installation


51/10049

Components Current TransformerPotential Transformer

Current Transformer

Composition and types

Current Transformers are designed to perform protection and

monitoring functions.

Detection of overcurrents in capacitor banks and supply of a signal

to the protection relay.

Supply of a signal to the power factor controller.

They are of the following types:

wound (most common type): when the primary and secondary include

a coil wound on the magnetic circuit;

bushing type: primary formed by a conductor not isolated from

the installation;

toroidal: primary formed by an isolated cable.

The double star arrangement and unbalance protection require the use

of special current transformers (class X).

Current Transformers (CT) meet standard IEC

60044-1.Their function is to supply the secondary

circuit with a current that is proportional to that

of the MV circuit on which they are installed.

The primary is series-mounted on the MV

network and subject to the same over-currents

as the latter and withstands the MV voltage.

Magnetic core

Magnetic core

DE52344

DE52359

Wound type primary

current transformer

Closed core type current

transformer

PE56030

Current Transformer

Potential Transformer

Composition and types

Potential Transformers are designed to perform protection and

monitoring functions.

Detection of over-/under-voltages in capacitor banks and supply

of a signal to the protection relay.

Supply of a signal to the power factor controller.

Potential Transformers (PT) meet standard

IEC 60044-2.

They have two key functions:

adapting the value of MV voltage on

the primary to the characteristics of metering

protection devices by supplying a secondary

voltage that is proportional and lower;

isolating power circuits from the metering

and/or protection circuit.

PE56700

Phase-earth Potential

Transformer


52/10050

Components Detuning or filtering reactor

A detuning reactor forms part of the power

factor correction equipment, to preventamplification of the pre-existing harmonic in

current and voltage on the network.

There are many types of reactors.

Iron-core reactor, resin-impregnated technology

Indoor installation. Three-phase type.

Max. voltage 12 kV.

Connection to copper pad.

Weight up to 2000 kg.

Iron-core reactor, resin-encapsulated technology

Indoor installation.

Three-phase type.

Max. voltage 24 kV.

IEC 60076-6 standard.

Fire resistance.

Temperature class F. Connection to copper pad.


Iron-core reactor, oil-immersed technology

Indoor or outdoor installation.

Max. voltage 36 kV.

Hermetically sealed type with integral filling.

Connection to porcelain or plug-in bushings.


Air-core reactor (coreless), resin-impregnated technology

Air-core reactors are characterized by a reactance which does not

depend on the current passing through them (constant permeability of

air).

These reactors are generally installed in substations or in static

compensation equipment (SVC - Static Var Compensator).

The dry type design is characterized by high reliability, no maintenance

and great adaptability to environmental constraints.

Mainly outdoor installation.

Max. voltage up to 245 kV.

1: Iron-core reactor, resin-impregnated technology

2: Iron-core reactor, resin-encapsulated technology

3: Iron-core reactor, oil-immersed technology

4: Air-core reactor (coreless), resin-impregnated

technology

3

PE

90094

4

PE90095

1

2PE90096

PE90093


53/10051

Components Rollarc contactor

The Rollarc three-pole type contactor,

for indoor use, employs SF6 for insulationswitching.

The breaking principle is that of the rotating

arc. The basic device consists of three pole

units mounted in a single insulating enclosure.

The insulating enclosure containing the live

parts of these poles is filled with SF6

at a relative pressure of 2.5 bar.

The Rollarc contactor is available in two types:

R400 contactor, with magnetic holding.

R400D contactor, with mechanical latching.

Applications

Control and protection of MV motors.

Capacitor banks and power transformers.

Reference standards IEC 60470 standard: High-Voltage Alternating Current Contactors

and Contactor-Based Motor-Starters.

IEC 62271-105 standard: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear,

Alternating current switch-fuse combinations.

Modern, tried and tested breaking technology thanks to SF6.

Equipment requiring no maintenance on live parts.

High mechanical and electrical endurance.

Very low surge level without additional devices (surge suppressor).

Insensitivity to the environment.

Gas pressure can be monitored constantly.

1: MV connections

2: LV connections

3: Auxiliary contacts

4: Pressure switch

5: Electromagnetic control

mechanism

6: Mechanical latching

device (R400D)

7: Opening release8: Mounting points

9: Insulating enclosure

10: Rating plate

Rollarc contactor (cutaway)

PE56761

Rollarc contactor (connections)

PE90105


Rated Insulation level Breaking capacity Rated Making capacity Short-timeMechanicalvoltage current thermal enduranceUR (kV) Inpulse 1 mn with IR with current50/60Hz 1,2/50s 50/60Hz fuses fuses 3skV kV peak kV rms kA kA A kA peak kA kA rms

7,2 60 20 10 50 400 25 125 10 100 000operations

12 60 28 8 40 400 20 100 8

Maximum operable power

Voltage (kV) Without fuse With integrated fuse

Power (kvar) Power (kvar)

3,3 1255 790

4,16 1585 800

6,6 2510 1270

10 3810 960

12 4570 1155


54/10052

Components SF1 & SF2 circuit breakers

Description

The SF circuit breaker, in its basic fixed version, consists of: 3 main poles, linked mechanically and each comprising an insulating

enclosure of the sealed pressure system type. The sealed enclosure

is filled with SF6 at low pressure.

A spring type energy storage manual control (electrical on option).

This means the devices making speed and breaking speed

are independent of the operator. When it is provided with electric

control, the circuit breaker can be remotely controlled and resetting

cycles can be performed.

Front panel with the manual control and status indicators.

Downstream and upstream terminals for power circuit connection.

A terminal block for connection of external auxiliary circuits.

Depending on these characteristics, the SF circuit breaker is available

with a front or side control mechanism.

Options

Electric control

Supporting frame fitted with rollers and floor mounting brackets

for a fixed installation.

Circuit breaker locking in open position by lock installed

on the control front plate.

SF6 pressure switch for highest performance.

Applications

The SF devices are three-pole MV circuit breakers for indoor use.They are chiefly used for switching and protection of networks

from 12 to 36 kV in the distribution of primary and secondary power.

With self-compression of the SF6 gas, which is the switch-off technique

used in these circuit breakers, the establishment or interruption

of any type of capacitive or inductive current is performed without

any dangerous overvoltage for the equipment connected to

the network.

The SF circuit breaker is therefore highly appropriate for the switching

of capacitor banks.

The SF circuit breaker of the Schneider

Electric equipment range is used for switchingon capacitor banks or steps.

This circuit breaker uses SF6 as dielectric.

It has been especially tested for the specific

operation of capacitor banks.

SF1 circuit-breaker

PE56501

SF2 circuit-breaker

PE56503

SF1 fixed SF2 fixed

Side or front operating mechanism Front operating mechanismRated voltage Ur (kV, 50/60 Hz)

Rated short-circuit breaking current (Isc)

25 kA from 12.5 to 25 kA from 12.5 from 25 31.5 kA

to 40 kA to 40 kA

Rated current (Ir)

630 A from 400 to 1 250 A from 630 to 3 150 A 2 500 A

Rated switching capacitive current (Ic)

440 A from 280 to 875 A from 440 to 2 200 A 1 750 A

12 kV

17.5 kV

40.5 kV

24 kV 24 kV

36 kV 36 kV


55/10053

Description

These enclosures are designed for indoor installation.They comprise the following elements:

A Varlogic power factor controller;

A Sepam digital protection relay:

Unbalance protection relays;

Indicator lamps

- ON

- for each step, Step ON, Step OFF, Unbalance alarm,

Unbalance trip.

Option

A three-position selector switch:

Auto: The steps are controlled automatically by the power factorcontroller;

Manual: The steps are controlled manually by means of a 2-position

selector switch located on the enclosure (1 selector switch per step);

0: The steps are disconnected (no control, automatic or manual,

is possible).

Components Control and monitoring unit

The function of these units is to control

and protect capacitor banks.

Monitoring and control unit

1. Varlogic power factor controller

2. Sepam digital protection relay

PE90106

121 2


56/10054

Components Sepam protection relay

Sepam protection relays maximise energy

availability and the profits generated byyour installation while protecting people

and property.

Stay informed to manage better

With Sepam, get intuitive access to all system information inones own language to manage the electrical installation

effectively. If a problem occurs, clear and complete information

puts everyone in a position to make the right decisions immediately.

Maintain installation availability

Sepam maintains high energy availability thanks to its diagnostics

function that continuously monitors network status.

In-depth analysis capabilities and high reliability ensure that

equipment is de-energized only when absolutely necessary.

Risks are minimized and servicing time reduced by planned

maintenance operations.

Enhance installation dependability

Sepam series 80 is the first digital protection relay to deliver

dependability and behaviour in the event of failure meeting

the requirements of standard IEC 61508.

Sepam manufacturing quality is so high that the units can be used in

the most severe environments, including off-shore oil rigs and chemical

factories (standard IEC 60062-2-60).

Communicate openly

In addition to the DNP3, IEC 60870-5-103 and Modbus standards,

Sepam complies with IEC 61850 and uses the communication

protocol that is todays market standard to interface with all brands

of electrical-distribution devices.

Respect the environment

Compliance with RoHS European Directive.

Low energy consumption.

Manufacturing in plant certified ISO 14001.

Recyclable over 85% (Sepam S10).

S20S24

S40C86 C86

Protection of a capacitorbank (delta connection)

without voltage monitoring

capacitor bank short-

circuit protection

Protection of a capacitorbank (delta connection)

without voltage monitoring

capacitor bank sc

protection

U et f monitoring

overload protection:

(Sepam C86)

Protection of a double star connected capacitor bank

with 1 to 4 steps

capacitor bank short-circuit protection

U et f monitoring

overload protection

unbalance protection

Modular range structured; Capacitor application

Sepam protection relays

PA40431


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Technical specifications

Code ANSI S10A S10B S20 S24 S40 C86

Protections*

Phase overcurrent 50/51 2 2 4 4 4 8Earth fault 50N/51N 2 2 4 4 4 8Sensitive earth fault 50G/51G 2 2 4 4 4 8

Breaker failure 50BF 1 1 1

Negative sequence / unbalance 46 1 1 2 2

Thermal overload for capacitors 49RMS 1 1 1

Capacitor-bank unbalance 51C 8

Positive sequence undervoltage 27D 2

Remanent undervoltage 27R 2

Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) 27 2 4

Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) 59 2 4

Neutral voltage displacement 59N 2 2Negative sequence overvoltage 47 1 2

Overfrequency 81H 2 2

Underfrequency 81L 4 4

Temperature monitoring (16RTDs) 38/49T

Measures

Phase current RMS I1, I2, I3 Measured residual current I0

Demand current I1, I2, I3 Peak demand current IM1, IM2, IM3 Measured residual curent I0, I0 Voltage U21, U32, U13, V1, V2, V3 Residual voltage V0 Frquency

Active power P, P1, P2, P3 Reactive power Q, Q1, Q2, Q3 Apparent power S, S1, S2, S3 Peak demand power PM, QM Power factor Active and reactive energy Network, switchgear and capacitors diagnosis

Tripping current tripI1, tripI2, tripI3, tripI0

Harmonic distortion (THD) current

and voltage THDi, THDuPhase displacement 0, '0, 0

Phase displacement 1, 2, 3 Disturbance recording Thermal capacity used

Capacitor unbalance

current and capacitance

CT/PT supervision 60/60FL Trip circuit supervision 74 Auxiliary power supply monitoring

Cumulative breaking current Number of operations Control and monitoring

Circuit breaker/contactor control 94/69 Logic discrimination 68 Latching/acknowledgement 86 Annunciation 30

Communication protocols S-LAN

Modbus RTU Modbus TCP/IP DNP3 CEI 60870-5-103 CEI 61850

: standard

: option

* Figures indicate

the number of protection

functions available


58/100


59/100

Specific equipmentsContents

57


Hybrid Var Compensator (HVC) 58

Passive harmonic filters 60Blocking circuits 61

Surge protection capacitors 62


60/10058

Specificequipments Hybride Var Compensator (HVC)

Hybrid Var Compensator (HVC)

DescriptionThe equipment comprises a fixed MV bank of shunt capacitors with

detuning reactor, and an AccuSine electronic device combined with

an LV/MV step-up transformer.

HVC (Hybrid Var Compensator) equipment

is designed to perform economical reactiveenergy compensation in real time.

Its use can:

improve the quality of public and industrial

networks by reducing or eliminating voltage

fluctuations, power fluctuations, etc.;

increase the capacity of existing networks

by compensating losses due to reactive

energy;

allow optimum coupling of renewable

energies (wind-power, solar power) to

the network through an appropriate response

to normative constraints

25 / 4.16 kV 25 / 4.16 kV

2000 A 2000 A

CT (3) 1000/5 CT (3) 1000/5

1200A

4.16kV 4.16kV

CT (3) 1000:5

4.16 / 0.48 kV

2000A

6 x 250kvarAccusine

1225 kvarMV bank

with detuningreactors

Example of implementation

P

E90082

PE90

046

DE90083


61/10059

Operation

The fixed capacitor bank constantly injects a capacitive reactive currentinto the network. The electronic device injects a reactive, capacitive

or inductive current, continually and in less than one period (20 ms -

50 Hz), to compensate the major rapid fluctuations in reactive power

consumption due to the load.

Characteristics

Injection of reactive energy in leading or lagging mode.

Response time less than one cycle.

Power factor adjustable up to unity.

Reactive energy compensation without transient.

Continuous compensation.

Separate monitoring of each phase for unbalanced loads.

Applications

Energy

- Connection of wind-power or solar farms.

Industry

- Arc furnaces: voltage regulation and flicker attenuation.

- Welding machines: voltage regulation and flicker attenuation.

- Crushers: flicker attenuation.

- Pumping stations: starting assistance for high-powered MV motors.

- Cold/hot rolling mills: attenuation of harmonics and improvement of

the power factor of rapidly fluctuating loads.

AccuSine range

PE90074

DE90084

fixed kvar

load

AccuSine

result kvar


62/10060

Schneider Electric can propose numerous

passive harmonic filtering solutions in mediumand high voltage, for 50 or 60 Hz networks.

These solutions are custom designed on

a case by case basis. A preliminary site audit

and a precise definition of needs (objectives

to be achieved, etc.) are essential to guarantee

the performance of this type of solution.

Passive harmonic filters

Technical characteristics Rated frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Insulation: 72.5 kV (for other values, please consult us).

Maximum reactive power: 35 Mvar (for other values, please consult us).

Reactors: single-phase, dry, air-core; they are most commonly used

for passive filters.

Other components, such as resistors, can also be used in the design

of passive filters.

Tuning frequencies: chosen according to the harmonics to be filtered

and the performance to be achieved (a preliminary site audit is crucial

to make the right choices).

Passive harmonic filtersSpecificequipments

PE90097

Passive harmonic filter


63/10061

Specificequipments Blocking circuits

In its range of solutions, Schneider Electric has

low-frequency passive blocking circuits whichcan prevent disturbance by musical-frequency

remote control signals emitted by the power

distributor, especially in the context of

installation of an autonomous production unit.

These blocking circuits are often used in

installations provided with cogeneration plants.

To meet the conditions required by the power

distributor, the blocking circuit is defined

on a case by case basis according to

the characteristics of:

the HV power supply line of the source

substation;

the HV/MV transformer of the source

substation;

the remote control order injection device;

the load of the MV feeders;

the generating sets.

Principle

The blocking circuit is implemented by placing in parallel an reactor anda capacitor element whose values have been calculated to allow blocking

of a chosen frequency (175 Hz or 188 Hz in France, for example).

Technical characteristics(passive blocking circuit for 15 and 20 kV networks )

Tuning frequency 175 or 188 Hz

(other frequencies on request)

Insulation level Up to 24 kVAvailable ratings 200, 300 ou 400 A per phase

Characteristics of components

of 175 Hz blocking circuits

Single-phase capacitors 207F / 2100V, without internal fuses

Single-phase reactors 4mH, without magnetic core

Characteristics of components

of 188 Hz blocking circuits

Single-phase capacitors 179F / 2100V, without internal fuses

Single-phase reactors 4mH, without magnetic core

Maximum ambient temperature 45 C

Altitude < 1000 m

Mounting Juxtaposed (capacitors upright, alongside the

reactor) or on top of one another (capacitors

installed in a rack, under the reactor)

IP 00 on unpainted aluminium substrate

Juxtaposed mounting

Reactor

300900900

1640

400

Superimposed mounting

Reactor

Path AL

6060Capacitor

110041320 20

Insulator 24kV

In-line arrangement Delta arrangement

6600 min6600 min.

4400

1200

1100 11001000

Phase 1

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 2

Phase 3 Phase 3

1200

1100 1100 1100

1200

1200

1155

600

1150

4

150min.

2400

1100 1100

Blocking circuit

DE90054

DE90054

DE90055

DE90055

PE90083


64/10062

Specificequipments Surge protection capacitors

Surge protection capacitors are used for

the protection of equipment sensitive tothe harmful effects of transient overvoltages

(due to switching surges, short circuits,

operation of arc furnaces, lightning impacts,

for example). The equipment to be protected

is generally:

high-power motors, power transformers;

high-voltage capacitor banks, etc.

Surge protection capacitors should be

installed upstream of the equipment

to be protected.

Usually they are mounted in a star

arrangement, between phases and earth.

Principle

The characteristics of overvoltages of atmospheric origin serve asa basis for the definition of surge protection devices.

The phenomenon of attenuation of transient overvoltages by surge

arresters and surge protection capacitors is described by means

of the figure below.

Red: transient overvoltage in the absence of protection.

Blue: transient overvoltage attenuated by a surge protection capacitor.

Green:attenuation obtained with a surge arrester and a surge protection capacitor.

The surge protection capacitor introduces into the circuit a capacitance

which modifies the slope of the transient overvoltage. The value V/tis diminished. As a consequence, this protects the windings

of machines such as motors, generators and transformers,

which are especially sensitive to high V/t values.

Surge arresters limit the peak values of these transient overvoltages

to a maximum value acceptable by the equipment.

There are two types of surge protection capacitor:

with one isolated terminal and one earth terminal;

with two isolated terminals.

Each capacitor contains an internal discharge resistor to bring

its residual voltage back to less than 75 V, 10 minutes after

its disconnection from the network.

On special request, these capacitors can be supplied without

an internal resistor.

PE90098 D

E90085


65/10063

Installation

Surge protection capacitors can be used:

separately, in star connection (Fig. 1);

in parallel with surge arresters, in star connection (Fig. 2);

in series with resistors, in star connection (Fig. 3).

Other configurations can be used; please contact us.

When one terminal of the capacitor has to be connected to earth,

it is possible to use a capacitor with a single isolated terminal

and one earth terminal.

In other cases, capacitors must be used with two isolated terminals.

Chemical stability

Transient overvoltages and partial discharge phenomena can cause

accelerated ageing of capacitors. The long service life of the Propivar

capacitor is due to the intrinsic properties of the dielectric liquid:

very high chemical stability;

high capacity for absorption of the gases generated by partial

discharges;

high dielectric stren

schneider - power factor correction

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