scarce: snapshots on recent results and achievements · the big thirst: the secret life and...

Spanish Council for Scientific Research

Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water

4th SCARCE International Conference, Cádiz, November 2013

SCARCE: Snapshots on recent

results and achievements (Dec2009-Nov 2013)

Alícia Navarro-Ortega (project manager) Damià Barceló (project coordinator)

Dep. Environmental ChemistryIDAEA-CSIC




Water and Food Security:The challenge of feeding 9 billion people

World faces Perfect Storm of problems by 2030?Prof. John Beddington (March 2009 and Science 2010)

Perfect storm of food shortages, by 2030 50% more food, but also 50% more energy and 30% more freshwater

Water, Food and Energy problems are intimately connectedIn the agricultural sector, farmers do not want to use water per se,

they want to grow crops profitably.China has destroyed 28.000 rivers from 1993-2013, equal to Mississipi

river flow of 16.790 m3/sec.The Big Thirst: The Secret life and Turbulent Future of Water, by

Charles Fishman, 2011,”It´s become a truism that Water Scarcity will be an important issue worldwide in the 21st century” but Water Problems are solvable: meeting basic human and ecological needs for water, improving water quality, eliminating overdraft of groundwater and reducing the risks of political conflict over shared water: need to change in water management and use

“Globalisation begins at home” (Bhabha, 1994)




Water scarcity world map




Higher hydrological variabilityHigher frequency of extreme events (floods, droughts)Higher water temperatureHigher nutrient concentrations Presence of inorganic pollutantsPresence of emerging contaminantsHigher temperatures facilitateIntroduction of new pathogensHigher Indirect HumanExposure (via food) to Pathogens and Chemicals from Agriculture

Multiple stressors affect the response to scarcity




Júcar

Guadalquivir

Llobregat

Ebro

SNAPSHOTS: Fate, Modelling and Effects on Biota of Pharmaceutical residues in Iberian Peninsula

SCARCE project: River basins




9166 ng/L

EBRO

JÚCARGUADALQUIVIR

% Pesticides (Pest)

% Endocrine Disruptors (ED)

% Perfluorinted compounds (PFC)

% Pharmaceuticals (Pharm)

Emerging Contaminants in water

LLOBREGAT




Estimates of human sources in different locations in the

Llobregat basin

Osorio V, Marcé R, Pérez S, Ginebreda A, Cortina JL, and Barceló D (2012). Occurrence and modeling of pharmaceuticals on a sewage-impacted Mediterranean river and their dynamics under different hydrological conditions. Science of the Total Environment 440: 3–13.

Modeling of pharmaceuticals in river

networks

First order reaction rates for different compounds in different reaches clearly identified conservative compounds from those

suffering rapid degradation

Selected modeling developments during 2012




Vicenç Acuña, Maria Jesús García-Galán, Daniel von Schiller, Lluís Corominas, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Mira Petrovic, Manel Poch, Damià Barceló, Sergi Sabater

Atenolol

DOCIbuprofen

Naproxen

Diclofenac

Carbamazepine

Ibersartan

In-stream attenuation rates of pharmaceuticals. Local environmental conditions versus physicochemical compound properties controls




Mass transfer coefficients -2.6 - 5.7 mm min-1, no differences among therapeutic groups.High variation among mean vf values, as well as for CV vf values. Mean and CV unrelated!Mean vf values unrelated to any of the considered physicochemical compound

features (Molecular weight, pKa 1, pKa 2, kow, C, Photodegradation Quantum yield) .

Pharmaceuticals in-stream attenuationResults and discussion




Biofilm- Complex assembly of several species of bacteria, algae and fungi.- Decisive role in the ecosystem - Used as River Sentinels: its structure and operation are modified by environmental

factors such as the flow speed, the hydraulic regime, light conditions, the physico-chemical conditions of the environment, pollution, etc.

Questions- Uptake of contaminants by the aquatic organisms- Pharmaceutical Mode of Action (MoA) in non-target organisms- Study of Transformation products of contaminants - Link of bioaccumulation of contaminants with

ecotoxicological effects in aquatic organisms

Macroinvertebrates- Valuable food source for larger animals both aquatic and terrestrial- Wide sensitivity ranges to toxicants and pollutants in their

environment; show effects of short term variations - Confined to certain habitat reaches and limited migratory pattern:

Useful in pin-pointing areas that are exposed to pollutants and changes in water quality

Biofilm and Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Environmental Quality of Rivers




SUBSTRATUM

Polysaccharide Bacteria

Algae

Fungi ProtozoaCyanobacteria

biofilms

• Ubiquitous in streams• Primary producers • Nutrient recyclers

Ecotoxicology of communities↑ Ecological relevance

Allow to detect acute and long-term effects of

environmental changes↓

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS

light, flow, temp.

nutrients, pH, cond., pollution

Fluvial biofilms: biological indicators of chemical toxicity




SJD

MT

CB

Castellbell

Mina de Terrassa

Sant Joan Despí

Bioactive compounds would influence the responses of biofilms to translocation. The magnitude of the responses should be related with the incoming higher concentration of pollutants.Biofilm communities inhabiting environments with lower pollutants presence would be the most affected when translocated to more polluted waters

Biofilm on a pollution gradient in Llobregat river



4th SCARCE International Conference, Cádiz, November 2013 14

day 2 day 9 day 16

Phos

phat

ase

activ

ity (n

mol

MU

F cm

-2 h

-1)

0

80

100

120

140

160

Biofilm translocated to SJD decrease phosphataseCB SJD biofilms showed the highest decreaseEffect of increased SRP availability in SJD (?)

CB MT SJD CB-->MT MT-->SJD CB-->SJD

Biofilm on a pollution gradient in Llobregat river




• Development of an appropriate analytical method for the determination of emerging pollutants in macroinvertebrates:

• Pharmaceutical compounds

• Endocrine disruptors and other related compounds

• Explore if the selected contaminants are present in river water impacted by a WWTP (main source of these type of contaminants)

• Study the bioaccumulation of these compounds in different types of freshwater macroinvertebrates

• Case Study: Segre River, in Catalan Pyrenees

• Upstream Urban WWTP (30000 inhabitants)

• Downstream Urban WWTP

Bioaccumulation of emerging pollutants in aquatic organisms




• 30 pharmaceutical compounds + 15 Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) were measured using the multi-residue method.

• Target compounds were found in downstream water at a concentration up to 0.5 µg/L

• 3 taxa with different feeding habits were considered:

Ancylus(Mollusk, scraper)

Hydropsyche(Arthropod, filter-feeder)

Hirudinea(Annelid, predator)

• 3 pharmaceuticals and 3 EDCs were detected in invertebrates

• Aquatic organisms were impacted by the WWTP: ↑bioaccumulation downstream

UPSTREAMHydropsyche

(ng/g)Ancylus (ng/g)

Hirudo (ng/g)

Water (ng/L)

Estrone 18TBEP 18 8 22

Nonylphenol 76 77 91IbuprofenoDiclofenac

Gemfibrozil

DOWNSTREAMHydropsyche

(ng/g)Ancylus (ng/g)

Hirudo (ng/g)

Water (ng/L)

Estrone 23TBEP 30 22 31 65

Nonylphenol 101 165 101Ibuprofeno 31 141Diclofenac 3404 33

Gemfibrozil 44 250

Bioaccumulation of emerging pollutants in aquatic organisms: results




Scientists involved

The amount of scientists involved in the SCARCE project has increased from the initial 72 to 161 at the end of 2013, with animportant increase of students

During these 4 years of project a total of 175 scientists have contributed to the project

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Inicial 2010 2011 2012 2013

Doctors

Students

Technicians

TOTAL




Dissemination and links with stakeholders

•

SCARCE

External advisory Committee

Endusers and general public

Scientific comunity

Water managers

Agricultores y usuarios del Júcar




Papers and special issues

After 4 years of project more than 200 papers have been published, which means the total committed for the entire project

77% of them have and IF>2.5 and more than 30% correspond to collaborations between different groups and disciplines

Some of these papers are included in the 3 Special Issues dedicated to SCARCE project that correspond with the 3 previous International Conferences

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2010 2011 2012 2013

Collaborations

IF>2.5

TOTAL




Papers and special issues1st SCARCE Special Issue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research: Understanding effects of global change on water quantity and quality in river basins, vol. 19, May 2012

2nd SCARCE Special Issue

Science of the Total Environment: Integrated modelling and monitoring at different river basin scales under global change, vol. 440, December 2012

3rd SCARCE Special Issue

Journal of Hazardous Materials: Stressors in Mediterranean River Basins under Water Scarcity, Special section in vol. 263, Part 1, pages 93-266, December 2013




4th SCARCE Special Issue

Science of the Total Environment

Papers and special issues

Submission will be opened until 31st March 2014

Title and authors should be submitted to the Conference Secretariat before 15th January 2014




Thesis and masters

Most of the scientific achievements are done through the development of thesis and masters

THESIS

Around 50 thesis will be developed during the 5 years of project (totally or partially)

After 4 years of project 15 thesis have been presented

MASTERS

11 masters have been presented during the 4 years of project




Deliverables and newsletters

In addition to the publication of the papers, the scientific achievements are also published in Deliverables (for internal use) and Newsletters (public)

DELIVERABLES

• Out of the 32 planned, 10 have been published

• 6 more are under revision

• These deliverables compile 1200 pages of scientific knowledge




Deliverables and newsletters

In addition to the publication of the papers, the scientific achievements are also published in Deliverables (for internal use) and Newsletters (public)

NEWSLETTERS

• Out of the 9 planned, 6 have been published

• New model with contributions from both members of SCARCE and external members

• 7th newsletter to be published in January 2014

• They are available on the webpage




SCARCE in the media




Dissemination to stakeholders

The dissemination of the results to the stakeholders is done through several meetings

SYMPOSIUM

• For the dissemination of the results to the stakeholders

• January 2013, with members of the river basin authorities and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment

DIRECT MEETINGS

• In the water authorities facilities

• June 2013, Ebro water authority

• June 2013, Basque Water Agency




Courses and conferences

The dissemination of the results to the scientific community is done through several courses and conferences

COURSES

• The 7 courses initially planned together with some extra courses have already taken place

• These courses have had an attendance of about 20 students

CONFERENCES

• Out of the 5 planned, 3 have been performed

• 1st in Girona

• 2nd in Madrid

• 3rd in Valencia

Enjoy the 4th SCARCE International Conference

scarce: snapshots on recent results and achievements · the big thirst: the secret life and...

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