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6/12/2020 1 SCADA, P&ID, PLC, VFD and more Ralph Stevens CWEA Instructor [email protected] 702‐659‐0516 Scada Control Room 1 2

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Page 1: SCADA, P&ID, PLC, VFD and more

6/12/2020

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SCADA, P&ID, PLC, VFD and more

Ralph Stevens

CWEA Instructor 

[email protected]

702‐659‐0516

Scada Control Room

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PLC

Typical associated wiring

A‐B SLC 500

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What is a PLC?

CPU

Memory

INPUT

OUTPUT

Power Supply

Programming Device

M

L 1 L 2

L 1L 2

Do you know the 5 parts to a PLC?

WB – pg. WB – pg.

Typical Installation of PLCs

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PLC Ladder Diagram

• PLC’s utilize microprocessors to replace relays

• Different “languages” are used to program

• Ladder logic commonly used because of similarity to relay logic

• Similarity makes it easy to transition from Relay Ladder Logic to PLC 

Ladder Logic

The PLC Ladder Diagramis similar to Relay Logic

• Sets of “PLC Instructions” are used by the PLC to examine inputs

• PLC then makes a decision whether or not to provide some type of output based on this input

• Interpreting the PLC Ladder tells you:• What inputs the PLC is looking at

• What values the PLC is looking for

• What action (output) PLC will decide upon based on the input values received

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The PLC Ladder Diagram

• The PLC Ladder Diagram is prepared by PLC Programmers

• Typically requires adjustments in the field during startup and 

maintenance

• Must be familiar with programming and programming software to 

make changes to the ladder diagram and effect PLC Operation

What is the address for this point on the I/O module?

PLC Addressing

I:01/06

WB – pg. 3WB – pg. 3

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Software Addressing

32 22 12 0232 22 12 0232 22 12 0232 22 12 02

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00

I:01/06

Input switch is CLOSED

Input is HIGH

Address I:01/06 is ONE

16 Bit WORD

PLC Addressing

0

WB – pg. 3WB – pg. 3

The PLC program has its own ladder diagram

OUTPUT

M

01

02

03

L 2

L 1

INPUT

01

02

03

L 1

L 2

0102

Logic in CPU

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The 5 Basic Principles of Successful Control Circuit Interpretation

1. Know your basic symbols and have a handy reference.

2. Read top‐to‐bottom; left‐to‐right.

3. Current is just looking for a path to return to source.

4. If the control elements allow current flow through a load; the load operates.

5. Follow the print to see what actions the load performs

when it operates.

Supply

Switch Load

Return

X 1 X 2

W5 P L

1 C R2 P BS T A R T

1 P BS T O P

1 C R

1 C R

7 F U

1 L S

7 T S

1 C R 2 S O L

0 5 1 2

0 5 1 2

0 5 1 2

0 5 1 2

1 0 4 2

1 0 1 3

1 0 0 21 0 0 1

0 5 2 7

0 5 0 4

Relay Ladder Diagram Ladder Logic Diagram

Bit Instructions – (Relay Type)

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Pump Cycles to Maintain Tank Level

Internal BitB:1

B:1

B:1

LO LevelProbeI:1

HI LevelProbeI:2

Fill Pump Motor Coil

O:1

Fill PumpON/OFF SW

I:0

Pump Cycles to Maintain Tank Level

TANK

Low Level Probe

Hi Level Probe

I:1

I:2

PLCO:1 Motor

Starter

480V, 3Ø

Motor

3Ø AC

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Reading and interpreting basic PLC ladder diagrams. 

XIC = Examine if CLOSEDXIO = Examine if OPEN

XIC XICStartStop

In 02 In 01 Out 02

MStartStop

Reading and interpreting basic PLC ladder diagrams. 

XIC = Examine if CLOSEDXIO = Examine if OPEN

XIC XICStartStop

In 02 In 01 Out 02

MStartStop

True False

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Reading and interpreting basic PLC ladder diagrams. 

XIC = Examine if CLOSEDXIO = Examine if OPEN

XIC XICStartStop

In 02 In 01 Out 02

MStartStop

True ?

RUN

Multi‐function Input Terminals(DI1‐DI2)

P3.01

STOPGr PBRed PB

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Basic Variable Frequency Drives

L1 L2 L3

OL

OL

OL

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

L1 L2 L3

L1

L2

L3

Motor25HP

480Vac Typical 3 Contactor Bypass Option

VFDDrive

Legend:Position           A          B        C

VFD               X                     X

OFF

BY‐PASS           X               

C

O

N

T

A

C

T

O

R

A

CONTACTOR B

CONTACTOR C

VFD

Contactor

OVERLOADS

BYPASS

OFFIf there is a problem with the Drive it can be By‐passed if the Drive has By‐pass contactors

?

?

?

?

?

?

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Variable Speed Drive

Activity: Draw your own Ladder Diagram

Constant water flow from process

Low Level

High Level

Water Pump

Goal: • Turn on the pump to drain the tank when we reach the high level.

• Turn off the pump when we reach the low level.

• Automatic operation, no start/stop buttons needed.

• E‐Stop button in case of emergencies.

Can you draw a ladder diagram to do this job?WB – pg. 22 WB – pg. 22

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A Possible Solution

High Level Float Switch

Low Level Float Switch

M

M

E‐Stop

Hot Neutral

Drain Pump Motor

2

2

1

ElectricalDrawings

Construction

Plan ViewsElevations

DetailsOne line

Wiring DiagramSchedules

Control Diagrams

SchematicLadder

Vendor DrawingsPLC Ladder Diagrams

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Why Electrical Fundamentalsfor Print Reading?

• You may  be able to read a diagram, but

• you won’t be able to interpret unless you can

• Explain the terminology

• Trace the current flow path

• Understand device and equipment ratings

• Explain basic code requirements and wiring techniques

• Understand how one change can effect several drawings

One‐line Diagrams

• Used in larger commercial and industrial installations

• Indicates the flow path of power throughout the facility

• May encompass several sheets

• Arranged sequentially such that a smooth flow of power throughout the 

facility can be followed from one sheet to the next. 

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One‐line Diagrams

• Interpretation requires knowledge of symbols and Device Function 

Numbers

• first sheet of Electrical Drawings

• Unique symbols and Device Function Numbers used typically identified

• Index of Electrical Drawings

• Numbered as “E‐XX” (“E Drawings”)

Schematic DiagramOverview

Main Power

LadderDiagram

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Relay Operation

CONTROLVOLTAGEINPUT

L2

L1

TOLOAD

SUPPLY

Magnetyoke

Armature

Coil

Stationarycontacts

Movablecontacts

Contactcarrier

L2

Relay Operation

CONTROLVOLTAGEINPUT

L2

L1

TOLOAD

SUPPLY

Magnetyoke

Armature

Coil

Stationarycontacts

Movablecontacts

Contactcarrier

L2

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What switches control this well pump?

Float Switches

MCC  T11 –1 

Bkr T11–1 1600

LTSTIUV

MCC  T11 –2 

LTSTIUV

MCC  T11 –3 

LTSTIUV

SPARE

LTSTIUV

Bkr T11–2 1600

Bkr T11–3 1600

Bkr T11–4 1600

71 26

T1112.47 kV – 480V2500/2800/3100 kVA55°C/ 65°C/FAZ = 5.75%

86 5051

TRIP & LOBkr 5

From Bkr 5

1 CPT  480 – 120V

480V SWGR

HRG

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WB – pg . 5WB – pg . 5

Example Ladder Diagram

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