SC.912.L.14.7SC.912.L.14.7By: Joselyn Turcios

RootsRootsAnchors the plant in place and prevent

the plant from movingAbsorbs water and nutrients from the soilStores water and food in certain types of

plantsProvides host sites for bacteria and fungi

StemsStemsThey are an organ that holds upright the plants

so they absorb sunlight and airTransports water and minerals from the roots

to the leavesEach node is a bud of meristem tissue that

divides and specializes to form a certain structure

Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem which fills water to support the plant

Bundles of vascular tissue run through the ground tissue of a stem and transports fluids

LeavesLeavesStores food and water and modified to meet

necessary functionsThe tissues are made of cells◦Example: Mesophyll cells

Major job for leaves is to accomplish photosynthesis

Are flat and thin that allows sunlight to penetrate the deepest tissues of the leaf

Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis

FlowersFlowersAre an reproductive organ that are

monoecious and dieciousPollen and ovules are produced normally

through the process of meiosisVisually attracts pollinators sometimes even

with scented attracted like nectarInsects get attracted and transfer pollen

between the flowers and help to pollinateProvides a platform for fertilized ovules to

develop and distribute flower and seeds

FruitFruitAn ovarian organOnly found in angiospermsProtects the seeds which the contain the

embryo and endosperm in the seed coatThe flesh of the fruit attracts animals to

spread the seeds

ConesConesAn organ that contains reproductive

structuresFemale cones contain ovules, when

fertilized by pollen they become seedsMale cones produces pollen that are

usually herbaceous

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisProcess used by plants and other

autotrophic organisms that convert light into energy from the sun

Photosynthetic tissue in a leaf is called mesophyll

Chlorophyll are pigments of photosynthesis produced in chloroplasts in the photosynthetic tissues of leaves

Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationPlants use respiration to convert the

energy in glucose moleculesThis process consumes glucose and

oxygen same as in animalsThe energy released during the break

down of carbonhydrates is stored in specialized molecules for later use

TransportationTransportationPlants with a transport system are called

Vascular plantsTransports water, minerals, and food for

the plantXylem and phloem transport the water,

nutrients, and starch to the various parts of the plants

The transporting system extends from the roots through the stems

Growth and ReproductionGrowth and ReproductionPlants show a indeterminate growthMeristematic tissues continues to rapidly

divide that produces undifferentiated cellsPlants do not have a pre-programmed body

planReproduction in plants is either sexual or

asexualSexual reproduction produces an offspring

by the fusion of gametesAsexual reproduction are do not produce an

offspring with the fusion of gametes

MeristematicMeristematicIs the tissue in most plants consisting of

meristematic cellsIt is located in the apical meristems at the

growing point of stems and rootsMeristematic cells permit growth of

stems and roots

GroundGroundThe ground tissue system synthesizes

organic compound that supports the plantProvides storage for the plantMost of it is made up of parenchyma cellsParenchyma cells synthesize and store

organic products in a plantCollenchyma cells have a support system in

young plantsSclerechyma cells have a hardening agent

and are more rigid that supports plants

Dermal and Vascular TissueDermal and Vascular TissueDermal tissue consists of epidermis and

the peridermThe epidermis is the plant’s “skin” that

retains water and contains stomataThe periderm is multilayered that consists

of phellem, phelloderm, phellogenVascular tissue is mostly made of xylem

and phloemAllows water and other nutrients to be

transported throughout the plant

Cambium and Guard CellsCambium and Guard CellsResponsible for secondary growth in a

plantProduces phloem towards the outside of

the plant Produces xylem towards the inside of the

plantGuard cells regulate the rate of

transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

It opens when there is too much water

PhloemPhloemIs mostly composed of sieve-tube cells

and companion cellsThese cells help in the transportation of

sugar and nutrients produced during photosynthesis

Companion cells possess a nucleus and transports sugar in and out of the sieve-tubes

Root HairsRoot HairsIncreases absorption by the increase of

the total surface of the rootAbsorbs water and inorganic nutirentsAnchors the plant’s body to the groundStores food and nutrients

Root CapRoot CapIs a small cone of cellsProtects the apical meristem as the root

moves through the ground during the growth

Found covering the tip of a root behind is where the root mostly grows

SeedSeedAre flowering plantsIt protects the plant by food which inside

is a seed that is coated for protectionProvides the development on a plant to

allow the plant to reproduce itself

StomataStomataPlants having tiny openings or pores

formed by guard cellsLocated on the outer skin layer of a plantThe important role is to let water vapor,

gases, and oxygen to move quickly in and out of the plant’s leaf

XylemXylemConsists of two types of cells, tracheids

and vessel elementsTracheids and vessel elements form tube-

shaped structures providing pathways for water and minerals

Tracheids are non-living cells and are found in all vascular plants

Vessels are found only in angiosperms

StamenStamenThe male reproduction organ of flowersConsists anther and filamentAnther carries sperm and produces

pollen causing the process of meiosisFilament holds the anther to the flower

PistilPistilThe female reproduction organ of flowers

which receives the pollen and produces seeds

Made up of three parts:◦Stigma- the head of the pistil◦Style- the long part of the pistil◦Ovary- encloses the ovule that forms the fruit

later on

OvaryOvaryPlant’s female organ of the flower that

holds ovulesAfter fertilization by pollen it later

becomes the fruit of the plant

PetalsPetalsAssists in pollination in order for flowers

to reproduceAttracts pollinators by the colors and

scent to get nectarProtects the female and male

reproductive parts of the plant

Sperm and EggSperm and EggSperm nuclei are produced inside the

pollen grainsDirects the growth the pollen tube to the

ovule in the ovaryProduced in the anthers through meiosis

or meiotic cell divisionEggs are formed in the ovulesThe egg carries the other half of the

chromosome set from the parent mother

SepalSepalGreen-leaf like structures that enclose

and protects the developing flowerModified leaf in the outer most whorl

calyx of a flowerAllows the calyx to open and has a rigid

support for petals and reproductive organs

Filament and AntherFilament and AntherFilament is one of the two main part of

the male flower’s reproductive organPart of the stamen that connects the

anther to the corollaFilament supports the antherAnther is the other main part of the male

flower’s reproductive organMade up of pollen sacs which contain

pollen grains

Style and StigmaStyle and StigmaStyles is the male gamete that travels

down the style of the flower to its female ovule

Connects stigma to the ovaryA receptive surface where pollen lands

and germinates its pollen tubePart of the stigma is corn silk