saying “i do” to the qsar/pbpk in gastroplus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › bmss ›...

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Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK marriage in GastroPlus™ to predict marriage in GastroPlus™ to predict chemical exposure for safety evaluation chemical exposure for safety evaluation John DiBella, M.S. Simulations Plus, Inc.

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Page 1: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK marriage in GastroPlus™ to predict marriage in GastroPlus™ to predict g pg p

chemical exposure for safety evaluationchemical exposure for safety evaluation

John DiBella, M.S.Simulations Plus, Inc.

Page 2: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

Simulations Plus (NASDAQ: SLP):Simulations Plus (NASDAQ: SLP):endend‐‐toto‐‐end M&S solutions providerend M&S solutions provider

NHO

OHCH3

CH3

Discovery Preclinical Clinical

endend‐‐toto‐‐end M&S solutions providerend M&S solutions provider

OCH3

CH3

ADMET Predictor™ GastroPlus™

MedChem Studio™ DDDPlus™ COMING SOON:  KIWI™MedChem Designer™ MembranePlus™

Consulting Services and Collaborations

PKPlus™ KIWI

Consulting Services and Collaborations

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Page 3: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK marriage…Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK marriage…

Permeability, solubility vs. pH, 

pKa(s), logD vs. pH, p ( ), g p ,Fup, blood:plasma ratio, tissue Kps, 

CLint, CLfilt

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships(QSAR)

Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetics(PBPK)

Goal: reliably and efficiently utilize PBPK modeling to reduce animal/human testing3

Page 4: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

Th G t Pl PBPK d li l tf• The GastroPlus PBPK modeling platform:– What makes it unique?– How does it address your challenges?– How does it address your challenges?

• Demonstration: PBPK modeling of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in 60 secondsdichlorophenoxyacetic acid in 60 seconds

• Future directions

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Page 5: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

What makes GastroPlus unique?What makes GastroPlus unique?Mechanistic Absorption 

Modeling (MAM)

Absorption & Dissolution:• #1‐ranked commercial QSAR models• #1‐ranked commercial model for 

Modeling (MAM)

absorption rate calculations• Paracellular absorption process• Mechanistic precipitation model• Nonlinear gut metabolism and transport• Human and animal physiology models• Human and animal physiology models –

dog, rat, mouse, cyno & rhesus monkeys, minipig, rabbit

PBPK Modeling:• #1‐ranked Kp calculation method• Adjustments of plasma lipid binding• Human and animal physiology models – same as above• Unlimited metabolite tracking• Transporter‐based IVIVE – automated scaling of tissue PStc• Customization of model without equation writing5 Physiologically based 

Pharmacokinetics (PBPK)

Page 6: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

But wait! It’s more than oral absorption…But wait! It’s more than oral absorption…Pulmonary (PCAT™) Oral Cavity (OCCAT™)Pulmonary (PCAT ) Oral Cavity (OCCAT )

Ocular (OCAT™)Dermal (TCAT™)

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Page 7: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

D I h h i & i i d d N i i i AND i i i

How does GastroPlus address your challenges?How does GastroPlus address your challenges?Do I have the time & expertise to write code and manage updates?

No equation writing AND customization options available

How do I define all of the parameters required for a PBPK model?

in ‐#1 rated QSAR models integrated for complete silico solutions

What about other species or different populations?–

Complete database of animal and human (American & Asian  pediatrics and adults) physiology models included

What if my chemical is exposed through several dosing routes?

Mechanistic models for oral, pulmonary, dermal, and ocular delivery

How am I going to predict both local and systemic concentrations?

Track all variables and easily capture output in Excel

Where do I start with all of the chemicals I have? Batch mode, automated sensitivity analysis and optimization available

How possible is it to predict metabolite  Unlimited metabolite tracking optionsexposure?

I am guessing the commercial tools must be expensive?

Flexible licensing options and expert consultingsupport

Will i l id b d f th P bli ll t d d f >18 & tiWill my commercial provider be around for the long haul?

Publically traded for >18 years & counting

And…7

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Regulatory scientists Regulatory scientists ttrained on rained on g yg yGastroPlus PBPK modelingGastroPlus PBPK modeling

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Demonstration:Demonstration:2 42 4‐‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid*dichlorophenoxyacetic acid*2,42,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic aciddichlorophenoxyacetic acid

(* not in any of our training sets)(* not in any of our training sets)• Modeling approach:Modeling approach:

– Import chemical structure– Create PBPK model

• Study: 5 males varying in• Study: 5 males varying in weight between 70‐90 kg

• Create a default 22‐year‐old American Male PBPK model (82 5 kg)(82.5 kg)

• Calculate tissue Kps and Vss

– Define passive kidney filtration clearance (Fup * GFR)( p )

– Predict liver microsomal CLint– Simulate oral exposure (single 

dose; 5 mg/kg)

• Set up time: < 60 seconds9

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2,42,4‐‐dichlorophenoxyacetic dichlorophenoxyacetic acid:acid:PBPK model inputs from chemical structure and PBPK model inputs from chemical structure and 

default physiological parametersdefault physiological parameters

Compound window:Physicochemical properties & 

dosing regimen

Gut Physiology window:Gut physiological parameters

Pharmacokinetics window:PBPK model parameters

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Page 11: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

Future directionsFuture directions• Expand QSAR predictions to other metabolic pathways

• Predict “species specific” metabolism kineticsEvans and Relling, Science 286, 487 (1999)

• Predict  species‐specific  metabolism kinetics• Investigate other clearance mechanisms

– e.g., biliary secretion & renal clearance• Transporters – the next frontier…

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Ba k p SlidesBa k p SlidesBackup SlidesBackup Slides

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Page 13: Saying “I do” to the QSAR/PBPK in GastroPlus™ to predict ... › groups › ss › BMSS › SOT-BMSS-Webina… · Mechanistic Absorption Modeling(MAM) Absorption & Dissolution:

The Big Picture The Big Picture –– drug drug iinputsnputs

Formulation: dose, dosage form

Structure in silico

in vitro experiments

IV/Oral PK data

in vitrometabolism

Structurein silico

Physical properties ‐Peff, Sw, pKa, logP, 

Fup, Rbp

PKPlus‐ Vd, CL, K12, K21, K13, K31

PBPKPlus ‐ CLint

GastroPlus

in vitro constants:Vmax(s), Km(s), Ki(s), EC50, etc…

Therapeutic/Adverse GastroPlusScale to 

in vivo processes

Effect Data

Dissolution and absorption 

Nonlinear kinetics (and DDI)Plasma/tissue concentration profiles

PBPK/PD modeling

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Select government collaborationsSelect government collaborations

• FDA Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN)• Extended Research Collaboration Agreement (RCA) with CFSAN to provide Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) model‐building capabilities to predict toxicities for large number of substances that can be in foods as additi es or contaminantsin foods as additives or contaminants

• First peer‐reviewed articles from FDA scientists published in 2014

•NIH: National Toxicology Program (NTP)•NIH: National Toxicology Program (NTP)• Completed second year of 3‐year collaboration with NTP to utilize GastroPlus PBPK and ADMET Predictor™ QSAR modeling to prioritize testing of chemicals for the Tox21 program

• Presented work at past two Society of Toxicology (SOT) meetings – first publications expected in 2016

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What about our QSAR models?What about our QSAR models?Independent comparison of aqueous solubility predictorsIndependent comparison of aqueous solubility predictors

(Dearden JC. Exper. Opin. Drug Discovery 2006 1:31)

Independent comparison of pKa predictors

(Fraczkiewicz et al J Chem Inf 2015)

Predicted by Trained with MAE RMSE R2

ACD/Percepta v. 12 15932 lit pKa 0.77 1.05 0.84

ADMET Predictor v. 6.1 14147 lit pKa 0.73 0.95 0.86

(Fraczkiewicz et al., J. Chem. Inf. 2015)

ADMET Predictor v. 7.0 14149 lit pKa + 19467 Bayer pKa 0.51 0.67 0.93

Independent comparison of logP predictors

(Tetko & Poda 2007)(Tetko & Poda, 2007)

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Recent Recent vvalidation:alidation:QSAR/PBPK marria eQSAR/PBPK marria eQSAR/PBPK marriageQSAR/PBPK marriage

Daga et al. (2015) Gordon Research Conf.Building QSAR models for clearance using 15‐30 in

Lawless et al. (2015) ISSX Annual MeetingUsing QSAR & PBPK to predict human F%:Building QSAR models for clearance using 15 30 in 

vivo rat CL measurements:>75% of compounds predicted within 2‐fold

g p70% of compounds predicted within 2‐fold

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AllometricAllometric Scaling vs. PBPK:Scaling vs. PBPK:iin vitron vitro in vivoin vivo extrapolation (IVIVE)extrapolation (IVIVE)iin vitron vitro‐‐in vivo in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE)extrapolation (IVIVE)

Cole et al., 2008 – Asian ISSX Meeting17

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AstraZeneca:AstraZeneca:Comparison of absorptionComparison of absorption ppredictionsredictionsComparison of absorption Comparison of absorption ppredictionsredictions

(Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2016)(Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2016)

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PeerPeer‐‐reviewed publicationsreviewed publications

• There are several hundred peer‐reviewed journal articles citing the use of GastroPlus j g– most are from our clients:

GastroPlus Publication ListGastroPlus Publication List

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• In 2013, scientists from 17 companies in North America and Europe formed the GastroPlus User Group

• To date, >850 members on the LinkedIn group page –membership is free!

Mission StatementMission StatementDiscuss best practices, Q&A and FAQs

Present and advance M&S science via social media, webinars and face‐to‐face meetings Establish pre‐competitive areas of research and collaboration across industry and academia 

Understand and influence regulatory expectations for M&S submissions

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