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1/18/2013 1 GET TRAINED © Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported by an unrestricted grant from Mylan Specialty The school nurse is the professional responsible to plan for a response to a health related emergency The work of School Nurses helps to save lives. Emergencies happen at school . . . Impacts students daily in school Student deaths do occur – 7 year old in Virginia 10 year old in Washington State One death is too many Anaphylaxis is serious

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Page 1: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

1/18/2013

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GET TRAINED©

Saving Lives at School:  

School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies

This program is supported by an unrestricted grant from Mylan Specialty

The school nurse is the professional responsible to plan for a response to a health related emergency 

TheworkofSchoolNurseshelpstosavelives.

Emergencieshappenatschool...

Impacts students daily in school

Student deaths do occur –

7 year old in Virginia

10 year old in Washington State

One death is too many

Anaphylaxisisserious

Page 2: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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Schools must be prepared to handle allergic reactions that require epinephrine

Need to be prepared:

For students with a diagnosis

For students with unknown allergies experiencing their first episode of anaphylaxis at school

Gregory, 2012

Anaphylaxis

And the school nurse is the healthcare leader in the best position to teach them!

SchoolStaffneedtoknowhowtosaveachild’slife‐

Objectives

Participants will :

Increase their knowledge base on anaphylaxis management, especially as it relates to epinephrine administration

Understand the importance of training school staff in epinephrine administration

Identify the tools needed to train school staff to administer epinephrine using an auto‐injector

Page 3: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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Outline

Anaphylaxis Issues and Concerns

Get Trained© Program

Small Group Scenarios

Training Tips for School Nurses

An overview of managing anaphylaxis in the school setting

AnaphylaxisIssuesandConcerns

Latex Allergies

Insect Sting 

Allergies

Food Allergies

Allergies

Most common allergies – food, insect sting, latex and medications

Nearly 8% of children have food allergies  ‐ with young children affected most

16‐18% of school‐age children who have food allergies have had a reaction in school

In an estimated 20‐25% of the cases, the allergy was not known by the school at the time of the reaction

Page 4: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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MostCommonFoodAllergens

Peanuts

Tree Nuts

Fish 

Shellfish

Eggs

Milk

Soy

Wheat

Often outgrown

Usually lifelong –not outgrown

Usually lifelong –sometimes developed in adulthood

ChainofReaction

• First time a food is eaten, the body produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) which attaches to cells

• Often no symptoms are seen in initial exposure

• First time a food is eaten, the body produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) which attaches to cells

• Often no symptoms are seen in initial exposure

ChainofReaction

•Food proteins interact with IgE and the body releases histamine

•Histamine causes the allergic reaction

•Food proteins interact with IgE and the body releases histamine

•Histamine causes the allergic reaction

Page 5: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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ChainofReaction

• Symptoms can appear in minutes or up to two hours later

• Reaction may be biphasic – “rebound effect”

• Symptoms can appear in minutes or up to two hours later

• Reaction may be biphasic – “rebound effect”

Information on Anaphylaxis: NASN Anaphylaxis Resources NASN Online Learning:  Food Allergies in the School Setting:  A Best Practice Approach

Partner Resources: Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network For School Professionals

Allergy & Asthma Network Mothers of Asthmatics ‐AANMA Epi Everywhere!  Every Day!  School‐based Anaphylaxis Preparedness Webinar

Anaphylaxis Community Experts (ACEs)

MoreInformation

Information on Anaphylaxis: National Education Association – Health Information Network The Food Allergy Book:  What School Employees Need to Know

American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology – ACAAI Anaphylaxis Overview

National School Boards Association Safe at School and Ready to Learn:  A Comprehensive Policy Guide for Protection Students with Life‐Threatening Food Allergies

AllergyHome.org Schools at AllergyHome.org

Links found on the “Get Trained” Webpage of the NASN website

MoreInformation

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Universal standard for treatment of anaphylaxis

Delayed administration associated with increased morbidity & mortality

Impressive safety profile:

No absolute contraindications to use of epinephrine

Cases of cardiac arrhythmias only tend to occur in elderly patients with pre‐existing cardiovascular disease

Epinephrine

National Association of EMS Physicians, 2011

Narrows the blood vessels and opens airways in lungs

Can reverse: 

Severe low blood pressure

Wheezing

Severe itching

Hives and other allergy reactions

Epinephrine

Adult dosing: 0.1 – 0.5 mg SC or IM q 5 – 15 min. PRN Auto‐injectors: 0.3 mg

Pediatric dosing: 15 – 30 kg – 0.15 mg IM x1 may repeat > 30 kg (~ 66 lbs) – 0.3 mg IM x1 may repeat

If no response to first dose of epinephrine, appropriate to allow for an additional dose in 5 to 20 minutes

National Association of EMS Physicians, 2011

Epinephrine

Page 7: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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Epi‐Pen

Adult:  0.3 mg

EpiPen Jr.: 0.15 mg

IM injection into thigh

Auvi‐Q

Adult:  0.3 mg

Available in 0.15 mg as well

Epinephrineissues

People with a prescription for epinephrine do not always carry an auto‐injector

Studies show that they carry them approximately 55% of the time

People often unaware of the expiration dates of their epinephrine

National Association of EMS Physicians, 2011

EpinephrineIssues

Students need access to epinephrine

Storage concerns

20 – 25% of epinephrine administration in schools involve children and youth whose allergy was unknown at the time of the episode

Need to advocate for stock epinephrine and a non‐patient specific order for epinephrine in our schools

Gregory, 2012

EpinephrineIssues

Page 8: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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StateLawsandRegulations

Each state has unique laws and regulations

Virtually every state has passed legislation to allow students to carry prescribed epinephrine at school

Depending on the wording of the law, the permission to carry may also extend to activities held on school property, and during transportation to and from school or school‐related events

Review of laws for our state

It’s time for all school staff to 

GET TRAINEDto administer an epinephrine auto‐injectorin an emergency!

GetTrained© Program

NASNProgram

Developed by NASN Staff through an unrestricted grant from Mylan Specialty 

Written by school nurses for school nurses 

Comprehensive program for school nurses to train school staff on epinephrine administration using an auto‐injector

Everything needed is included

Page 9: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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MaterialsIncluded

Getting Prepared to Train School Staff: “Get Trained” for the School Nurse Trainer A short online learning experience to prepare the school nurse to present the school staff training.  The outline includes:Plan!Prepare!Present!

Presentation Notes School Nurse Trainer’s Notes Training Program Checklist

MaterialsIncluded

Training Tools:

“Get Trained” for School Staff

Comprehensive 20 minute training for the school nurse to present to school staff to train them to administer epinephrine through an auto‐injector. 

Script for School Nurse for Presentation

Handout:  Preventing Allergic Reactions

Sample Allergy Action/ Emergency Care Plan

Epinephrine Training Sign in Sheet

OutlineofStaffTraining

What is Anaphylaxis?

Signs and Symptoms

Epinephrine Administration

Written in lay language with non‐nursing staff 

in mind

Page 10: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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What is Anaphylaxis?

AnexampleofafewslidesfromtheGetTrainedprogram...

Latex Allergies

Insect Sting 

Allergies

Food Allergies

SampleSlide:

Anaphylaxis(“anna‐fill‐axis”)

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life‐threatening

It must be treated immediately

The drug of choice is epinephrine

The time to learn how to give life‐saving medication is now – it needs to be given without delay

It’stimetoGETTRAINED!Sicherer &Simons,2007

SampleSlide:

AllergicReactions

Preventing exposures is key

For students with a diagnosed allergy:

Knowwhocanhelp! Talk to your school nurse or care coordinator

Knowhowtoreact! Know the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

Learn about the student’s Action / Emergency Care Plan 

Know where your student’s medication is and how to help in an emergency

Robinson&Ficca,2011

Page 11: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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SampleSlide:

AllergyResponse

Remove student from allergen if possible – or remove allergen from student

Assess student symptoms – be prepared to initiate an Emergency Care Plan quickly

Administer an epinephrine auto‐injector WITHOUT DELAY

Epinephrine may need to be repeated in 5 – 20 minutes          

Be sure an ambulance is on the way

Have two auto‐injectors available if possibleSicherer &Simons,2007

KeyPointsonEpinephrine:

Epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis

Should be administered PROMPTLY 

Some protocols call for epinephrine to be administered with or without symptoms

A delay in treatment can have devastating results

Robinson&Ficca,2011

Sicherer &Simons,2007

KeyPointsonEpinephrine:

Epinephrine Auto‐injectors are easy to use

Come with instructions

Trainers available for practice use

Websites have video demonstrations – know the auto‐injector prescribed for your student and know how to administer it!

Epi‐Pen video http://www.epipen.com/how‐to‐use‐epipen

Auvi‐Q video https://www.auvi‐q.com/

Page 12: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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EmergencyCarePlans

The need for Emergency Care Plans is highlighted in the program:

Uses the FAAN Emergency Care / Allergy Action Plan as template for ECP

Staff is instructed that the ECP, written by the school nurse, will help them to know what to do in an emergency

Encourage practicing plan – using table top drill, scenarios

Practice

Know what auto‐injectors your students have

Show videos to staff for specific auto‐injectors

Encourage use of trainers to practice with staff

Let your staff handle them and practice

Increase confidence level

And when you’re done, you can tell your staff the following:

TODAYISTHEDAYTHATYOULEARNEDHOWTOSAVEACHILD’SLIFE!

Page 13: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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A time to work together and then share your ideas with the whole group!

SmallGroupScenarios

TimetoTalkTogether!

Look at scenario provided

Ask someone to facilitate the conversation 

and another to report back to the group

Take 10 minutes to work 

Discuss the assigned topic

Share your thoughts and expertise!

SMALLGROUPWORK‐REPORTTIME

Page 14: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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Get ready to present Get Trained!

TrainingTipsfortheSchoolNurse

GetReadytoTrain!

Three easy steps:Plan!

Prepare!

Present!

Plan!

Talk to your School Administrator to discuss importance of staff epinephrine administration training

Choose a time (or offer several times) for training that is convenient for your faculty and staff 

Arrange for an appropriately sized room for presentation where everyone can see the PowerPoint presentation

Be sure your staff knows when training will be held – and understands the importance of the training

Page 15: Saving Lives at School Presentation Handouts.pdf · 2013-06-03 · Saving Lives at School: School Nurses Train Staff to Respond to Anaphylactic Emergencies This program is supported

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Prepare!

Be familiar with the issues and concerns related to allergies and anaphylaxis.  You can find valuable information on the topic at: NASN Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis online Tool Kit

NASN Online Continuing Education Program:  Food Allergy in the School Setting:  A Best Practice Approach  

Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (merging with Food Allergy Imitative – watch for new name and link)

Allergy and Asthma Network:  Mothers of Asthmatics

Present!

Set up presentation room with handouts

Set up presentation equipment and be ready to go!

Have fun  ‐

and remember –

Youaretheexpertintheroomwhenitcomestoadministeringepinephrine!

ResourcesfromNASN

Get Trained Program

Everything you need to train your school staff on epinephrine auto‐injector administration

School Nurse Trainer’s Notes

Training Program Checklist

Professional Development on anaphylaxis management

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A new concept to support the school nurse 

EpinephrineResourceSchoolNurses

ERSNs

School nurses supporting school nurses

List of ERSNs available for contact with questions or concerns

Have had additional training on epinephrine administration

Chosen following a national call for participants

Reach out if you have a need!

It’s time for all school staff to 

GET TRAINEDto administer an epinephrine auto‐injector

in an emergency!

Remember ‐ TheworkofSchoolNurseshelpstosavelives.

AreYouReady?

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References

Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (2012).  Retrieved from: http://www.foodallergy.org/ 

Robinson, J. & Ficca, M. (2012).  Managing the student with severe food allergies.  Journal of School Nursing, 28(3), 187‐194.  doi: 10.1177/1059840511429686.

Sicherer, S. & Simons, F.E. (2007).  Self‐injectable epinephrine for first aid management of anaphylaxis.  Pediatrics, 119(3), 638‐646.  doi: 10.1542/peds.2006‐3689.

References

Gupta, R. et al. (2011). The prevalence, severity, and distribution of childhood food allergy in the United States.  Pediatrics, 128: e9‐e17. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011‐0204

National Association of School Nurses (2011).  Online food allergy tool kit.  Retrieved from: http://www.nasn.org/ToolsResources/FoodAllergyandAnaphylaxis

National School Boards Association. (2010). Food allergy and food safety 101. Retrieved from: http://www.nsba.org/Board‐Leadership/SchoolHealth/101Packets/FAFS‐101.pdf

National Association of School Nurses. (2006). Position statement: Delegation. Available at: www.nasn.org/Default.aspx?tabid_349.

References

National Diabetes Education Program.  (2010)  Helping the student with diabetes succeed: A guide for school personnel.  Retrieved from: http://www.ndep.nih.gov/media/youth_schoolguide.pdf?redirect=true

Lieberman J., Weiss C., Furlong T. J., Sicherer, M., & Sicherer S. H. (2010) Bullying among pediatric patients with food allergy. Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. 105 (4) 282 – 286.

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References

For more information – know the brand of epinephrine auto‐injector that your student has been prescribed:

Epi‐Pen: www.epipen.com

Auvi‐Q: https://www.auvi‐q.com/