savannah pires, mia martinez, and taylor zachey the urinary system (excretory system)
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SAVANNAH PIRES, MIA MARTINEZ, AND TAYLOR ZACHEY
The Urinary System (Excretory System)
Definition
The system of organs and tissues involved with regulation of water content and salt concentration in the body and with the excretion of wastes and excess water and salt in the form of urine.
Osmoregulation- maintaining the body’s water/salt levels. (homeostasis)
Parts of the Urinary System
KidneysUretersUrinary BladderUrethraPenisVagina
Kidneys
Two bean shaped organs
Located below the rib cage
InvoluntaryFilter metabolic
wastes, excess ions, and chemicals
Form urine
Filtration of Urine
Blood enters through renal arteries.
Enters the glomerulus, pressure releases filtrate to bowman’s capsule
Flows through proximal convoluted tubule (reabsorbs necessary substances)
Enters the Loop on Henle
Filtration of Urine (continued)
Concentrated urine enters the Distal Convoluted Tubule
Necessary organic molecules reabsorbed.
Enters Medulla through channeling ducts.
What is Urine?
Watery, yellowish fluidDischarged through urethraContains water, salt, and urea
Ureters
Tubes that carry urine to bladder
Composed of fibrous muscle and mucus coat so they can contract
Bladder
Holds urine until released
Controlled by two sphincter muscles
Make urination voluntary
Can hold up to 600 ml of urine
Urethra
Tube from which urine is released.
In males: roughly 8 inches long
Females: 1.5 inches long
To Sum it all up:
Crash Course Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtrYotjYvtU
Diseases of the Urinary System
5 Diseases
Chronic Kidney DiseaseCystitisInterstitial CystitisUrinary Tract InfectionKidney Stones
Chronic Kidney Disease
Caused by:• Diabetes and High Blood
Pressure• Immune system conditions• Urinary Tract infections• Congenital defects• Drugs and toxinsSymptoms:• Less urination, edema,
fatigue, loss of appetite, random weight loss, nausea, and headaches
Treatment:• Diet and exercise• Blood pressure medication• Overall healthy lifestyle• Regular doctors visits
Cystitis
Caused by: Bacterial infections (UTI) Reaction to certain drugs Radiation therapy Potential irritants Symptoms: •A strong, persistent urge to
urinate •A burning sensation when
urinating •Passing frequent, small amounts
of urine •Blood in the urine (hematuria) •Passing cloudy or strong-
smelling urine •Discomfort in the pelvic area •Low-grade fever
Treatment: Antibiotics
Interstitial Cystitis
Caused by:a defect in the protective
lining (epithelium) of the bladder
autoimmune reactionHeredityInfectionallergySymptoms:Pain in your pelvisFrequent urination, often of
small amountsPain during sexual
intercourse
Treatments:physical therapyoral medication
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Caused by: Bacteria entering urinary tract Symptoms: •A strong, persistent urge to
urinate •A burning sensation when
urinating •Passing frequent, small
amounts of urine •Urine that appears cloudy •Urine that appears red, bright
pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine
•Strong-smelling urine •Pelvic pain, in women •Rectal pain, in men
Treatments: Antibiotics
Kidney Stones
Caused by: Urine becomes concentrated Symptoms: •Severe pain in the side and
back, below the ribs •Pain that comes in waves and
fluctuates in intensity •Pain while urinating •Pink, red or brown urine •Cloudy or foul-smelling urine •Nausea and vomiting •Persistent urge to urinate •Urinating more often than
usual •Fever and chills if an infection
is present
Treatments: Pain medication (to
pass kidney stone) Drink plenty of water