savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · savanna tree evolutionary...

17
Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors T. Jonathan Davies 1,2 , Barnabas H. Daru 3 , Bezeng S. Bezeng 1 , Tristan Charles-Dominique 4,5 , Gareth P. Hempson 6,7 , Ronny M. Kabongo 1 , Olivier Maurin 8 , A. Muthama Muasya 4 , Michelle van der Bank 1 , & William J. Bond 4,7 1 African Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa. 2 Departments of Botany, Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Biodiversity Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. 3 Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA. 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. 5 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Integrated Conservation, Community Ecology and Conservation, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan, China. 6 School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa. 7 South African Environmental Observation Network, National Research Foundation, Pretoria 0083, South Africa. 8 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom.

Upload: others

Post on 29-Jul-2020

6 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of

our hominin ancestors

T. Jonathan Davies1,2, Barnabas H. Daru3, Bezeng S. Bezeng1, Tristan Charles-Dominique4,5,

Gareth P. Hempson6,7, Ronny M. Kabongo1, Olivier Maurin8, A. Muthama Muasya4,

Michelle van der Bank1, & William J. Bond4,7

1African Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of

Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.

2Departments of Botany, Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia,

Biodiversity Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

3Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412,

USA.

4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.

5Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Integrated

Conservation, Community Ecology and Conservation, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan, China.

6School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050,

South Africa.

7South African Environmental Observation Network, National Research Foundation, Pretoria 0083,

South Africa.

8Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom.

Page 2: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Table 1. Range of age and localities of African Hominid fossils. FAD is for first appearance datum (earliest fossil evidence); LAD is for the last appearance datum (most recent fossil evidence). We report localities of fossil sites in Africa only. Data are extracted from Wood and Lonnergan (ref. 1).

Taxon name  Fossil name  FAD  LAD  Locality (in Africa)  References 

Sahelanthropus tchadensis  

Toumai  7 6 Toros‐Menalla, Chad;  2,3 

Orrorin tugenensis  Millenium Man 6.6 5.7 Baringo, Kenya; Tugen Hills, Kenya 

4,5 

Ardipithecus kadabba  ‐  5.8  5.2  Middle Awash, Ethiopia  6,7 

Ardipithecus ramidus s.s.  Ardi  4.5  4.3  Middle Awash, Ethiopia; perhaps also Lothagam and Tabarin, Kenya 

8,9 

Australopithecus anamensis 

‐    4.5  3.9  Allia Bay and Kanapoi, Kenya  10,11  

Australopithecus afarensis s.s. 

Lucy  4  3  Laetoli, Tanzania; White Sands, Hadar, Maka, Belohdelie and Fejej, Ethiopia; Allia Bay and West Turkana, Kenya. 

12,13 

Kenyanthropus platyops  ‐  3.5  3.3  West Turkana, Kenya; perhaps Allia Bay, Kenya. 

14 

Australopithecus bahrelghazali 

‐  3.5  3  Koro Toro, Chad  15 

Australopithecus africanus 

Taung  3  2.4  Sterkfontein, Makapansgat, Taung and Gladysvale, South Africa 

16,17 

Australopithecus garhi  ‐  2.5    Middle Awash, Ethiopia  18 

Paranthropus aethiopicus 

Black Skull (Omo 18) 

2.5 2.3 Shungura Formation, Omoregion, Ethiopia; West Turkana, Kenya; Melema, Malawi. 

19,20 

Paranthropus boisei s.s.  Nutcracker Man 2.3 1.4 Olduvai and Peninj, Tanzania; Omo Shungura Formation and Konso, Ethiopia; Koobi Fora, Chesowanja and West Turkana, Kenya. 

21‐23 

Paranthropus robustus  Eurydice  2  1.5  Blauuwbank Valley, South Africa 

24 

Homo habilis s.s.  Handy Man  2.4 1.4 Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania; Koobi Fora and perhaps Chemeron, Kenya; Omo (Shungura) and Hadar, Ethiopia, East Africa; perhaps also Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Drimolen, South Africa. 

25 

Homo rudolfensis  ‐  2.4 1.6 Koobi Fora, and perhaps Chemeron, Kenya; Uraha, Malawi 

26‐28 

Homo ergaster  Turkana Boy  1.9 1.5 Koobi Fora, Kenya 29 

Homo erectus s.s.  Kedung Brubus  1.8  0.03  Awash valley Ethiopia; Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania; Thomas Quarry, Morocco 

30‐31 

Homo heidelbergensis  Mauer  0.6  0.1  Kabwe, Zambia; Middle Awash, Ethiopia 

32 

Homo sapiens s.s.  Human species  0.2  Today  Many sites but earliest in Kibish, Ethiopia 

33,34 

Page 3: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

REFERENCES

1. Wood, B., & Lonergan, N. The hominin fossil record: taxa, grades and clades. Journal of Anatomy 212, 354-376 (2008).

2. Brunet, M. et al., A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418, 145–151 (2002).

3. Vignaud, P. et al., Geology and paleontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad. Nature 418, 152–155 (2002).

4. Pickford, M. Late Miocene sediments and fossils from the Northern Kenya Rift valley. Nature 256, 279–284 (1975).

5. Senut, B. et al., First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya). CR Acad Sci, Paris 332, 137–144 (2001).

6. Haile-Selassie, Y. Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 412, 178–181 (2001).

7. Haile-Selassie, Y. Asfaw, B. & White, T. D. Hominid cranial remains from Upper Pleistocene deposits at Aduma, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Am J Phys Anthropol 123, 1–10 (2004).

8. White, T. D. Suwa, G. & Asfaw, B.Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371, 306–312 (1994).

9. White, T. D. Suwa, G. & Asfaw, B. Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia – a corrigendum. Nature 375, 88 (1995).

10. Patterson, B & Howells, W. W. Hominid humeral fragment from early Pleistocene of northwest Kenya. Science 156, 64–66 (1967).

11. Leakey, M. G., Feibel, C.S., McDougall, I. & Walker, A. New four million year old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature 376, 565–571 (1995).

12. Kohl-Larsen, L. Auf den Spuren des Vormenschen: forschungen, Fahrten und Erlebnisse in Deutsch-Ostafrika (Deutshe Afrika-expedition 1934–1936 und 1937–1939 (Strecker und Schröder, Stuttgart, 1943).

13. Johanson, D.C., White, T.D. & Coppens, Y. A new species of the genus Australopithecus (Primates: Hominidae) from the Pliocene of East Africa. Kirtlandia 28, 1–14 (1978).

14. Leakey M. G. et al., New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages. Nature 410, 433–440 (2001).

15. Brunet, M. et al., Australopithecus bahrelghazali, une nouvelle espece d’Hominide ancien de la region de Koro Toro (Tchad). CR Acad Sci 322, 907–913 (1996).

16. Dart, R. A. Australopithecus africanus: the man-ape of South Africa. Nature 115, 195–199 (1925). 17. Partridge, T. C., Granger, D. E., Caffee, M. W. & Clarke, R. J. Lower Pliocene hominid remains from

Sterkfontein. Science 300, 607–612 (2003). 18. Asfaw, B. et al., Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science 284,

629–635 (1999). 19. Arambourg, C. & Coppens, Y. Decouverte d’un australopithecien nouveau dans les Gisements de

L’Omo (Ethiopie). South Afr J Sci 64, 58–59 (1968). 20. Chamberlain, A. T. & Wood, B. A. A reappraisal of the variation in hominid mandibular corpus

dimensions. Am J Phys Anthropol 66, 399–403 (1985). 21. Leakey, L. S. B. Recent discoveries at Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyika. Nature 181, 1099–1103 (1958). 22. Leakey, L. S. B. A new fossil skull from Olduvai. Nature 184, 491–493 (1959). 23. Robinson, J. T. The affinities of the new Olduvai australopithecine. Nature 186, 456–458 (1960). 24. Broom, R. The Pleistocene anthropoid apes of South Africa. Nature 142, 377–379 (1938). 25. Leakey L. S. B, Tobias, P. V. & Napier, J. R. A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge.

Nature 202, 7–9 (1964). 26. Leakey, L. S. B. Evidence for an advanced plio-pleistocene hominid from East Rudolf, Kenya. Nature

242, 447-450 (1973). 27. Alexeev, V. The Origin of the Human Race. (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1986). 28. Wood, B. A. Origin and evolution of the genus Homo. Nature 355, 783–790 (1992).

Page 4: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

29. Groves, C. P. & Mazák, V. An approach to the taxonomy of the Hominidae: gracile Villafranchian hominids of Africa. Casopis pro mineralogii a geologii 20, 225–247 (1975).

30. Dubois, E. Palaeontologische andrezoekingen op Java. Versl Mijnw Batavia 3, 10–14 (1892). 31. Weidenreich, F. Some problems dealing with ancient man. Am Anthropol 42, 375–383 (1940). 32. Schoetensack, O. Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei

Heidelberg. (W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1908). 33. Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae (Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1758). 34. McDougall, I., Brown, F. H. & Fleagle, J. G. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from

Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 433, 733–736 (2005).

Page 5: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Table 2. Woody sister taxa associated with the savanna biome in Africa.

Family  Sister species A  Mean latitude (species A) 

Sister species B  Mean latitude (species B) 

Divergence time (mya) 

Zamiaceae  Encephalartos manikensis  NA  Encephalartos middelburgensis  ‐21.09  0.33 

Zamiaceae  Encephalartos concinnus  NA  Encephalartos longifolius  ‐30.05  3.28 

Dilleniaceae  Tetracera boiviniana  ‐8.20  Tetracera masuiana  ‐8.30  4.54 

Rubiaceae  Hymenodictyon floribundum  ‐8.91  Hymenodictyon parvifolium  ‐11.40  9.03 

Rubiaceae  Psychotria pumila  NA  Psychotria kirkii  ‐12.14  5.48 

Rubiaceae  Pavetta radicans  NA  Pavetta eylesii  ‐25.03  1.91 

Rubiaceae  Gardenia subacaulis  NA  Gardenia resiniflua  ‐11.25  1.21 

Rubiaceae  Vangueria macrocalyx  ‐27.77  Vangueria parvifolia  ‐25.85  1.06 

Rubiaceae  Vangueria madagascariensis  ‐8.24  Vangueria venosa  NA  1.17 

Rubiaceae  Afrocanthium mundianum  ‐28.20  Afrocanthium lactescens  NA  1.63 

Rubiaceae  Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum  NA  Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri  ‐17.75  5.50 

Rubiaceae  Catunaregam taylorii  ‐24.09  Catunaregam swynnertonii  NA  0.75 

Rubiaceae  Coptosperma nigrescens  ‐12.53  Coptosperma supra  NA  0.81 

Apocynaceae  Adenium multiflorum  ‐21.65  Adenium swasicum  NA  6.71 

Apocynaceae  Carissa bispinosa  NA  Apocynaceae Carissa  ‐25.20  1.42 

Apocynaceae  Carissa praetermisa  NA  Carissa tetramera  ‐25.56  2.27 

Apocynaceae  Saba comorensis  ‐7.19  Ancylobothrys capensis  NA  4.64 

Loganiaceae  Strychnos pungens  ‐19.12  Strychnos madagascariensis  ‐16.30  0.81 

Loganiaceae  Strychnos cocculoides  ‐15.39  Strychnos spinosa  ‐15.28  1.32 

Boraginaceae  Ehretia amoena  ‐22.96  Ehretia rigida  ‐25.35  4.27 

Acanthaceae  Barleria albostellata  ‐11.96  Barleria rotundifolia  ‐24.85  8.30 

Bignoniaceae  Markhamia obtusifolia  ‐15.77  Markhamia zanzibarica  ‐20.35  3.57 

Bignoniaceae  Kigelia africana  ‐7.22  Stereospermum kunthianum  ‐8.79  6.26 

Bignoniaceae  Rhigozum obovatum  ‐28.19  Rhigozum zambesiacum  ‐21.46  3.77 

Lamiaceae  Vitex rhemanii  NA  Vitex madiensis  ‐5.94  1.26 

Page 6: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Lamiaceae  Clerodendrum eriophyllum  NA  Clerodendrum glabrum  ‐20.31  2.17 

Solanaceae  Lycium villosum  ‐25.12  Lycium cinereum  ‐26.28  1.22 

Solanaceae  Solanum lichensteinii  NA  Solanum catombelense  ‐22.77  0.64 

Araliaceae  Cussonia arborea  ‐8.25  Cussonia spicata  ‐23.15  0.27 

Asteraceae  Tarchonanthus camphoratus  ‐20.33  Tarchonanthus trilobus  NA  0.58 

Asteraceae  Lopholaena coriifolia  ‐26.79  Asteraceae Lopholaena  ‐25.67  2.27 

Asteraceae  Eumorphia davyi  NA  Phymaspermum acerosum  ‐28.86  3.92 

Ebenaceae  Diospyros lycioides  NA  Ebenaceae Diospyros  ‐30.78  0.52 

Ebenaceae  Euclea natalensis  ‐24.25  Ebenaceae Euclea  ‐24.25  0.31 

Ebenaceae  Euclea crispa  NA  Euclea divinorum  ‐19.91  2.73 

Olacaceae  Ximenia americana  ‐12.90  Ximenia caffra  ‐8.13  4.79 

Opiliaceae  Opilia amentacea  ‐8.49  Opilia Genbank  NA  8.72 

Meliaceae  Ekebergia capensis  ‐15.37  Ekebergia pterophylla  ‐28.14  2.22 

Sapindaceae  Zanha africana  ‐13.28  Zanha golungensis  ‐10.01  1.72 

Anacardiaceae  Ozoroa longipes  ‐17.07  Ozoroa nitida  ‐12.90  0.62 

Anacardiaceae  Ozoroa albicans  ‐23.21  Ozoroa sp  NA  0.49 

Anacardiaceae  Searsia dentata  ‐26.66  Searsia pyroides  ‐12.28  0.30 

Anacardiaceae  Searsia pondoensis  ‐28.05  Searsia wilmsii  ‐20.90  0.63 

Anacardiaceae  Searsia ciliata  ‐25.35  Searsia zeyheri  ‐26.41  1.13 

Burseraceae  Commiphora pyracanthoides  ‐21.95  Commiphora glandulosa  ‐21.80  1.70 

Kirkiaceae  Kirkia acuminata  NA  Kirkia wilmsii  ‐25.82  1.00 

Capparaceae  Capparis tomentosa  ‐20.46  Capparis sepiaria  ‐11.56  7.47 

Capparaceae  Cadaba kirkii  ‐11.58  Cadaba termitaria  ‐22.26  5.79 

Capparaceae  Maerua decumbens  ‐8.83  Maerua parviflora  NA  5.67 

Capparaceae  Boscia albitrunca  ‐22.16  Boscia salicifolia  ‐13.91  2.37 

Salvadoraceae  Salvadora australis  ‐24.17  Salvadora persica  NA  6.04 

Moringaceae  Moringa oleifera  ‐7.88  Moringa ovalifolia  ‐20.46  10.68 

Malvaceae  Grewia microthyrsa  ‐24.94  Grewia transzambesica  NA  5.79 

Malvaceae  Grewia monticola  ‐20.90  Grewia hexamita  ‐24.33  0.35 

Malvaceae  Grewia bicolor  ‐17.15  Grewia flava  ‐23.04  1.71 

Page 7: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Malvaceae  Grewia caffra  ‐25.03  Grewia flavescens  ‐21.04  0.40 

Malvaceae  Sterculia africana  ‐15.22  Sterculia rogersii  ‐24.13  0.74 

Malvaceae  Dombeya shupangae  ‐10.25  Dombeya autumnalis  ‐15.01  0.45 

Malvaceae  Dombeya rotundifolia  NA  Dombeya burgessiae  ‐21.65  0.62 

Dipterocarpaceae  Monotes katangensis  NA  Monotes glaber  ‐13.82  1.95 

Combretaceae  Pteleopsis anisoptera  ‐12.95  Pteleopsis myrtifolia  ‐21.35  8.70 

Combretaceae  Terminalia mollis  ‐9.67  Terminalia trichopoda  ‐14.08  0.89 

Combretaceae  Terminalia stuhlmannii  ‐12.87  Terminalia randii  ‐12.44  1.34 

Combretaceae  Combretum tenuipes  NA  Combretum albopunctatum  ‐18.18  4.89 

Combretaceae  Combretum psidioides  ‐12.23  Combretaceae Combretum  ‐12.23  3.45 

Combretaceae  Combretum celastroides  ‐14.14  Combretaceae Combretum  ‐14.14  2.35 

Combretaceae  Combretum mkuzense  ‐20.50  Combretum erythrophyllum  ‐24.24  0.52 

Combretaceae  Combretum apiculatum  ‐14.93  Combretum molle  ‐18.77  2.22 

Combretaceae  Combretum adenogonium  ‐15.01  Combretum padoides  ‐12.88  6.61 

Combretaceae  Combretum collinum  ‐11.71  Combretaceae Combretum  NA  3.75 

Combretaceae  Combretum oxystachium  NA  Combretum zeyheri  ‐17.77  0.58 

Melastomataceae  Dissotis princeps  NA  Heterotis canescens  ‐11.94  15.31 

Myrtaceae  Syzygium guineense  ‐8.62  Myrtaceae Syzygium  ‐8.62  0.28 

Malpighiaceae  Triaspis hypericoides  ‐22.27  Malpighiaceae Triaspis  ‐24.74  0.74 

Dichapetalaceae  Dichapetalum deflexum  ‐8.40  Dichapetalum cymosum  ‐21.41  3.03 

Ochnaceae  Brackenridgea arenaria  ‐12.93  Brackenridgea zanguebarica  ‐14.76  7.23 

Ochnaceae  Ochna natalitia  ‐27.12  Ochna angustata  NA  1.15 

Hypericaceae  Hypericum revolutum  ‐2.97  Hypericum roeperianum  ‐8.58  4.14 

Phyllanthaceae  Hymenocardia acida  NA  Hymenocardia ulmoides  ‐15.18  10.61 

Euphorbiaceae  Euphorbia espinosa  ‐15.76  Euphorbia guerichiana  ‐21.83  0.92 

Euphorbiaceae  Croton menyharthii  ‐15.75  Croton pseudopulchellus  ‐17.72  4.73 

Phyllanthaceae  Uapaca pilosa  ‐12.11  Phyllanthaceae Uapaca  ‐11.09  0.79 

Phyllanthaceae  Cleistanthus polystachyus  ‐7.74  Cleistanthus schlechteri  ‐18.28  13.61 

Phyllanthaceae  Bridelia mollis  ‐24.36  Bridelia cathartica  ‐10.59  1.12 

Celastraceae  Mystroxylon aethiopicum  ‐9.21  Celastraceae Mystroxylon  ‐9.21  0.86 

Page 8: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Celastraceae  Salacia rhemanii  NA  Salacia bussei  ‐9.27  3.02 

Celastraceae  Gymnosporia putterlickioides  ‐13.32  Gymnosporia szyszylowiczii  NA  0.85 

Celastraceae  Gymnosporia glaucophylla  ‐27.73  Gymnosporia capitata  ‐33.29  0.98 

Celastraceae  Gymnosporia maranguensis  ‐24.99  Gymnosporia oxycarpa  NA  0.99 

Celastraceae  Putterlickia pyracantha  ‐29.03  Putterlickia saxatilis  ‐25.35  1.29 

Celastraceae  Putterlickia retrospinosa  NA  Putterlickia verrucosa  ‐30.22  0.76 

Fabaceae  Vachellia luederitzii  NA  Fabaceae Vachellia  ‐2.57  0.21 

Fabaceae  Vachellia exuvialis  ‐24.39  Vachellia nebrownii  ‐21.26  0.75 

Fabaceae  Vachellia xanthophloea  ‐15.94  Vachellia kirkii  ‐11.75  1.32 

Fabaceae  Vachellia farnesiana  NA  Vachellia erioloba  ‐22.37  9.61 

Fabaceae  Senegalia welwitschii  ‐13.40  Fabaceae Senegalia  ‐25.69  1.11 

Fabaceae  Senegalia goetzei  ‐13.56  Fabaceae Senegalia  NA  0.23 

Fabaceae  Senegalia erubescens  ‐16.88  Senegalia galpinii  ‐19.36  1.21 

Fabaceae  Senegalia mellifera  ‐14.73  Senegalia mellifera  ‐14.73  1.09 

Fabaceae  Senegalia senegal  ‐12.33  Fabaceae Senegalia  ‐12.33  0.71 

Fabaceae  Elephantorrhiza goetzei  ‐15.35  Elephantorrhiza burkei  ‐23.33  1.36 

Fabaceae  Albizia brevifolia  ‐19.55  Albizia anthelmintica  ‐16.34  2.49 

Fabaceae  Dichrostachys cinerea  ‐11.18  Fabaceae Dichrostachys  ‐11.18  0.95 

Fabaceae  Xylia mendoncae  NA  Xylia torreana  ‐18.84  2.56 

Fabaceae  Cassia abbreviata  ‐13.65  Fabaceae Cassia  ‐13.65  1.86 

Fabaceae  Bolusanthus speciosus  ‐20.00  Pericopsis angolensis  ‐11.72  26.69 

Fabaceae  Ormocarpum kirkii  ‐15.15  Ormocarpum trichocarpum  ‐15.43  3.65 

Fabaceae  Dalbergia boehmii  ‐12.21  Dalbergia melanoxylon  ‐13.91  8.21 

Fabaceae  Pterocarpus rotundifolius  ‐14.31  Pterocarpus lucens  ‐14.16  5.06 

Fabaceae  Pterocarpus brenanii  ‐16.29  Pterocarpus rotundifolius  ‐14.31  1.06 

Fabaceae  Philenoptera bussei  ‐14.77  Philenoptera violacea  ‐17.28  5.99 

Fabaceae  Otholobium polystictum  ‐27.99  Otholobium wilmsii  ‐28.05  3.32 

Fabaceae  Erythrina madagascariensis  NA  Erythrina zeyheri  ‐27.56  2.43 

Fabaceae  Erythrina baumii  ‐16.67  Erythrina livingstoniana  ‐19.37  3.24 

Fabaceae  Erythrina sacleuxii  ‐8.52  Erythrina abyssinica  ‐11.74  1.92 

Page 9: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Fabaceae  Rhynchosia monophylla  ‐20.83  Eriosema psoraleoides  ‐11.86  10.30 

Fabaceae  Indigofera tinctoria  ‐11.66  Fabaceae Indigofera  ‐3.87  0.91 

Fabaceae  Brachystegia boehmii  ‐14.55  Brachystegia longifolia  ‐11.36  0.80 

Fabaceae  Guibourtia conjugata  ‐21.15  Guibourtia sousae  NA  0.57 

Fabaceae  Schotia capitata  ‐25.22  Schotia afra  ‐29.96  0.48 

Fabaceae  Millettia usaramensis  ‐11.67  Milletia makoudensis  NA  9.81 

Fabaceae  Sophora inhambanensis  ‐14.93  Sophora tomentosa  ‐11.50  6.63 

Fabaceae  Julbernardia globiflora  ‐14.08  Julbernardia paniculata  ‐12.58  2.55 

Fabaceae  Copaifera baumiana  ‐13.38  Baikiaea plurijuga  ‐16.15  3.53 

Fabaceae  Scorodophloeus fischeri  ‐8.17  Scorodophloeus torrei  ‐7.13  0.80 

Fabaceae  Bauhinia petersiana  ‐13.85  Bauhinia micrantha  NA  1.04 

Rhamnaceae  Berchemia zeyheri  ‐23.95  Berchemia discolor  ‐15.26  4.41 

Rhamnaceae  Ziziphus zeyheriana  ‐24.92  Ziziphus abyssinica  ‐11.58  3.38 

Moraceae  Ficus bussei  ‐13.90  Ficus glumosa  ‐10.31  0.93 

Moraceae  Ficus salicifolia  ‐21.61  Ficus tettensis  ‐18.12  1.16 

Moraceae  Ficus petersii  NA  Ficus stuhlmannii  ‐13.96  0.83 

Anisophylleaceae  Anisophyllea boehmii  ‐9.34  Anisophyllea pomifera  NA  1.17 

Proteaceae  Protea gaguedi  ‐14.88  Protea parvula  ‐27.07  2.06 

Proteaceae  Leucospermum gerrardii  ‐18.48  Leucospermum saxosum  ‐11.74  0.52 

Menispermaceae  Tinospora caffra  ‐12.61  Tinospora tenera  ‐16.04  9.80 

Xanthorrhoeaceae  Aloe marlothii  ‐25.37  Aloe excelsa  ‐17.10  0.55 

Arecaceae  Hyphaene coriacea  ‐14.83  Hyphaene petersiana  ‐15.29  1.05 

Annonaceae  Annona senegalensis  ‐10.16  Annona stenophylla  ‐15.51  3.06 

Annonaceae  Monodora junodii  ‐14.47  Annonaceae Monodora  ‐14.47  0.89 

Page 10: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Table 3. Maximum age and localities of fossil sites described as containing grassy vegetation (e.g. "rainforest and grassy patches", "grassland", "wooded grassland" etc.)*. Data extracted from Linder (ref. 1).

Site name Maximum age (millions of years)

Latitude Hemisphere

Rusinga 18 0.2 SBukwa 17.5 1.1 N Nyakach 15 0.2 S Fort Ternan 13.7 0.1 S Tugen Hills 13.3 0.3 S Lothagam nawata 7.5 2.4 NLaetoli 4.3 3.1 SOlduvai 1.9 2.6 S

*presence of grassy vegetation is not necessarily indicative of savanna ecosystems

REFERENCES

1. Linder, H.P. East African Cenozoic vegetation history. Evolutionary Anthropology 26, 300‐312 (2017). 

Page 11: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 1. Quantile regression of forest tree evolutionary splits across latitudes. The solid lines indicate the 90th quantile of divergence times between forest trees (see Methods) (slope = 0.08 [s.e. = 0.14], t = 0.55, p = 0.58). Latitude indicates degrees south.

Page 12: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 2. Quantile regression of savanna tree evolutionary splits across latitudes. The solid line indicated the 90th quantile of divergence times between savanna trees (see Methods). Latitude indicates degrees south, calculating mean latitude from ranges truncated at 15° North and excluding evolutionary splits between sister taxa older than 25 Ma.

Page 13: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 3. Quantile regression of forest tree evolutionary splits across latitudes. The solid line indicated the 90th quantile of divergence times between forest trees (see Methods). Latitude indicates degrees south, calculating mean latitude from ranges truncated at 15° North and excluding evolutionary splits between sister taxa older than 25 Ma.

Page 14: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 4. Quantile regression of savanna tree evolutionary splits across latitudes. Vertical solid lines indicate the 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals for divergence times between savanna trees. Fitted lines are through the 10% quantile of the mean HPD (black) upper 95% HPD (red) and lower 5% HPD (blue). Latitude indicates degrees south, with ranges truncated at the equator.

Page 15: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 5. Quantile regression of savanna tree evolutionary splits across latitudes. Vertical solid lines indicate the 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals for divergence times between savanna trees. Fitted lines are through the 10% quantile of the mean HPD (black) upper 95% HPD (red) and lower 5% HPD (blue). Latitude indicates degrees south, with ranges truncated at 15° North.

Page 16: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Supplementary Figure 6. Phylogeny of woody plant taxa for southern Africa. Branch lengths are scaled to millions of years, and tip labels are coloured to highlight the phylogenetic placement of the savanna sister pairs included in our analyses (teal).

 

Page 17: Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction ...10.1038... · Savanna tree evolutionary ages inform the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of our hominin ancestors

Acan

thac

eae

Anis

otes

form

osis

sim

us O

M86

8

Acan

thac

eae

Avic

enni

a m

arin

a O

M24

75

Acan

thac

eae

Barle

ria a

lbos

tella

ta O

M89

9

Acan

thac

eae

Barle

ria ro

tund

ifolia

OM

1327

Acan

thac

eae

Just

icia

aco

nitif

lora

OM

1816

Acan

thac

eae

Just

icia

adh

atod

oide

s O

M17

59

Acan

thac

eae

Just

icia

cam

ylos

tem

on O

M22

99

Acan

thac

eae

Mac

kaya

bel

la C

S14

Acan

thac

eae

Met

arun

gia

long

istro

bus

CS1

5

Acan

thac

eae

Rus

polia

hyp

ocra

terif

orm

is O

M13

45

Acan

thac

eae

Rut

tya

ovat

a O

M11

50

Aca

ntha

ceae

Scl

eroc

hito

n ha

rvey

anus

Abb

ott9

185

Aca

ntha

ceae

Scl

eroc

hito

n ki

rkii

OM

2359

Achariaceae Dasylepis thomasii Genbank

Achariaceae Scottellia klaineana Genbank

Aizoaceae S

toeberia utilis AM

0034

Anacardiaceae Harpephyllum caffrum

OM

1555

Anacardiaceae Heeria argentea PG0016

Anacardiaceae Lannea antiscorbutica Burrows12783

Anacardiaceae Lannea discolor RL1235

Anacardiaceae Lannea edulis OM

1991

Anacardiaceae Lannea schimperi O

M2521

Anacardiaceae Lannea schweinfuthii OM

2446

Anacardiaceae Laurophyllus capensis MWC28623

Anacardiaceae Loxostylis alata OM1827

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa albicans Burrows08988

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa barbertoniensis Burrows08069

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa englerii OM1169

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa homblei Burrows13461

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa insignis reticulata OM3580

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa laetans Burrows12423

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa longipes Burrows13365

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa nitida Burrows13383

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa obovata OM2511

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa paniculosa OM1948

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa sp Burrows8074

Anacardiaceae Ozoroa sphaerocarpa OM1106

Anacardiaceae Protorhus longifolia OM1764

Anacardiaceae Pseudospondias microcarpa G

enbank

Anacardiaceae Sclerocarya birrea caffra OM

498

Anacardiaceae Searsia acocksii Abbott9154

Anacardiaceae Searsia angustifolia OM2847Anacardiaceae Searsia chirindensis OM2284

Anacardiaceae Searsia ciliata Hahn2981

Anacardiaceae Searsia crenata OM1986

Anacardiaceae Searsia dentata OM2251

Anacardiaceae Searsia discolor OM3911

Anacardiaceae Searsia fanshawei Burrows13374

Anacardiaceae Searsia fastigiata Abbott9135

Anacardiaceae Searsia glauca OM1826Anacardiaceae Searsia gueinzii OM265

Anacardiaceae Searsia incisa incisa OM3059

Anacardiaceae Searsia kirkii Burrows13400

Anacardiaceae Searsia laevigata OM3214

Anacardiaceae Searsia laevigata villosa JWB509

Anacardiaceae Searsia lancea OM1942

Anacardiaceae Searsia leptodictya RL1655

Anacardiaceae Searsia longispina AM0243

Anacardiaceae Searsia lucida Abbott9230

Anacardiaceae Searsia magalism

ontana OM1836Anacardiaceae Searsia natalensis OM2655

Anacardiaceae Searsia nebulosa Abbott9106

Anacardiaceae Searsia pallens OM1976

Anacardiaceae Searsia pendulina OM1984

Anacardiaceae Searsia pentheri OM945

Anacardiaceae Searsia pondoensis Burrows10242

Anacardiaceae Searsia pygmaea Burrows07355

Anacardiaceae Searsia pyroides OM1236

Anacardiaceae Searsia pyroides integrifolia OM2477

Anacardiaceae Searsia transvaalensis RL1427

Anacardiaceae Searsia tumulicola meeseana OM3818

Anacardiaceae Searsia tumulicola tumulicola OM3813

Anacardiaceae Searsia undulata OM2940

Anacardiaceae Searsia wilmsii OM3910

Anacardiaceae Searsia zeyheri OM2256

Anacardiaceae Sorindeia juglandifolia Genbank

Anacardiaceae Trichoscypha acuminata Genbank

Anacardiaceae Trichoscypha arborea Genbank

Anacardiaceae Trichoscypha klainei Genbank

Anacardiaceae Trichoscypha patens Genbank

Anacardiaceae Trichoscypha preussii Genbank

Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea boehmii OM4154

Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea polyneura Genbank

Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea pomifera Burrows13487

Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea purpurascens Genbank

Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea sororia Genbank

Annonaceae Annickia affinis Genbank

Annonaceae Annona senegalensis OM2732

Annonaceae Annona stenophylla Burrows13362

Annonaceae Artabotrys brachypetalus OM2697

Annonaceae Cleistoclamis kirkii OM2339Annonaceae Dielsiothamnus divaricatus Burrows10908

Annonaceae Friesodielsia obovata OM2395

Annonaceae Hexalobus monopetalus OM1284

Annonaceae Isolona campanulata Genbank

Annonaceae Isolona thonneri Genbank

Annonaceae Monanthotaxis buchananii OM2624Annonaceae Monanthotaxis caffra OM276

Annonaceae Monodora junodii junodii RBN288

Annonaceae Monodora junodii macrantha RBN159Annonaceae Monodora stenopetala OM2358

Annonaceae Pachypodanthium sp. Genbank

Annonaceae Piptostigma oyemense Genbank

Annonaceae Polyceratocarpus parviflorus Genbank

Annonaceae Uvaria caffra RBN148Annonaceae Uvaria gracilipes RBN365Annonaceae Uvaria lucida OM1863

Annonaceae Uvariastrum pynaertii GenbankAnnonaceae Uvariodendron connivens Genbank

Annonaceae Uvariopsis bakeriana Genbank

Annonaceae Uvariopsis korupensis Genbank

Annonaceae Xylopia acutiflora GenbankAnnonaceae Xylopia aethiopica GenbankAnnonaceae Xylopia collina Burrows10942Annonaceae Xylopia parviflora RBN255

Annonaceae Xylopia tomentosa Burrows13437Annonaceae Xylopia torrei Burrows11516

Aphloiaceae Aphloia theiformis OM3397

Api

acea

e A

ngin

on d

iffor

me

OM

2292

Api

acea

e H

eter

omor

pha

arbo

resc

ens

OM

2726

Api

acea

e H

eter

omor

pha

arbo

resc

ens

rute

scen

s O

M14

30

Api

acea

e H

eter

omor

pha

invo

lucr

ata

Bur

row

s134

81

Api

acea

e S

tega

nota

enia

ara

liace

a O

M25

40

Apocy

nace

ae A

coka

nthe

ra o

blon

gifo

lia O

M22

40

Apocy

nace

ae A

coka

nthe

ra o

ppos

itifol

ia O

M32

40

Apocy

nace

ae A

coka

nthe

ra ro

tund

ata

OM

2009

Apocy

nace

ae A

deniu

m m

ultiflo

rum

OM

1161

Apocy

nace

ae A

deniu

m sw

asicu

m O

M11

72

Apocy

nace

ae A

lafia

caud

ata

Burro

ws128

11Apoc

ynac

eae

Alst

onia

boo

nei G

enba

nk

Apoc

ynac

eae

Ancy

lobo

thry

s ca

pens

is O

M16

15

Apoc

ynac

eae

Ancy

lobo

thry

s pe

ters

iana

OM

3604

Apocy

nace

ae B

aisse

a m

yrtifo

lia B

urro

ws125

66

Apocy

nace

ae C

allich

ilia or

iental

is OM21

81

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a bi

spin

osa

bisp

inos

a O

M40

9

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a ed

ulis

RL114

8

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a ha

emat

ocar

pa O

M30

65

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a m

acro

carp

a O

M17

51

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a pr

aete

rmisa

OM

2650

Apocy

nace

ae C

ariss

a te

tram

era

RBN210

Apocy

nace

ae D

iplor

hync

hus c

ondy

locar

pon

OM20

73

Apocy

nace

ae F

ocke

a co

mar

u M

WC38

54

Apocy

nace

ae F

ocke

a ed

ulis O

M29

46

Apocy

nace

ae F

ocke

a m

ultiflo

ra M

WC38

53

Apocy

nace

ae F

untu

mia

afri

cana

Gen

bank

Apocy

nace

ae G

oniom

a ka

mas

si OM

3158

Apocy

nace

ae H

olar

rhen

a pu

besc

ens

OM

2083

Apocy

nace

ae H

unte

ria u

mbe

llata

Gen

bank

Apocy

nace

ae H

unte

ria ze

ylanic

a OM

2380

Apoc

ynac

eae

Land

olph

ia k

irkii R

BN29

5

Apocy

nace

ae M

asca

renh

asia

arb

ores

cens

OM

2664

Apocy

nace

ae M

ondia

Gen

bank

Apocy

nace

ae O

ncin

otis

tenu

iloba

Abb

ott9

254

Apocy

nace

ae P

achy

podi

um n

amaq

uanu

m O

M27

96

Apocy

nace

ae P

achy

podi

um s

aund

ersii

OM

1149

Apocy

nace

ae P

leioc

arpa

pycn

anth

a OM

2652

Apocy

nace

ae P

leioc

arpa

rostr

ata

Genba

nk

Apocy

nace

ae P

leio

cera

s G

enba

nk

Apoc

ynac

eae

Rauvo

lfia c

affra

OM

1376

Apoc

ynac

eae

Rauvo

lfia m

anni

i Gen

bank

Apoc

ynac

eae

Rauvo

lfia m

omba

siana

OM

3530

Apoc

ynac

eae

Rauvo

lfia v

omito

ria G

enba

nk

Apocy

nace

ae S

aba

com

oren

sis O

M35

78Apo

cyna

ceae

Stro

phan

thus

cour

mon

tii OM

3958

Apocy

nace

ae S

troph

anth

us ko

mbe

OM

2111

Apocy

nace

ae S

troph

anth

us p

eter

sianu

s OM

1616

Apocy

nace

ae S

troph

anth

us sp

ecios

us A

bbot

t918

0

Apocy

nace

ae Ta

bern

aem

onta

na b

rach

yant

ha G

enba

nk

Apocy

nace

ae Ta

bern

aemon

tana c

rass

a Gen

bank

Apocy

nace

ae Ta

bern

aem

onta

na e

legan

s OM

2144

Apocy

nace

ae Ta

bern

aemon

tana v

entri

cosa

OM22

35

Apocy

nace

ae Ta

cazz

ea a

picula

ta G

enba

nk

Apocy

nace

ae V

oaca

nga a

frica

na O

M1876

Apocy

nace

ae V

oaca

nga p

siloc

alyx G

enba

nk

Apocy

nace

ae V

oaca

nga t

houa

rsii A

bbott

9118

Apocy

nace

ae W

right

ia n

atal

ensis

OM

1580

Aqu

ifolia

ceae

Ilex

miti

s O

M31

82

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

arbo

rea

BD

V01

0

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

aren

icol

a B

DV

105

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

nata

lens

is O

M97

5

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

nich

olso

nii B

DV

077

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

pani

cula

ta s

inua

ta B

DV

082

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

spha

eroc

epha

la O

M37

47

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

spic

ata

OM

1553

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

thyr

siflo

ra O

M31

00

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

tran

svaa

lens

is B

DV

58

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

zim

mer

man

nii O

M39

22

Ara

liace

ae C

usso

nia

zulu

ensi

s B

DV

022

Ara

liace

ae P

olys

cias

fulv

a O

M18

96

Ara

liace

ae S

chef

flera

goe

tzen

ii B

DV

015

Ara

liace

ae S

chef

flera

um

belli

fera

OM

2187

Ara

liace

ae S

eem

anna

ralia

ger

rard

ii M

WC

2818

7

Arecaceae Hyphaene coriacea OM2427

Arecaceae Hyphaene petersiana OM1296

Arecaceae Jubaeopsis caffra Genbank

Arecaceae Phoenix reclinata OM1122Arecaceae Raphia australis CS18

Arecaceae Raphia farinifera MWC14927

Asparagaceae Dracaena aletriformis Abbott9145

Asparagaceae Dracaena laxissima Genbank

Asparagaceae Dracaena mannii OM1828

Asparagaceae Dracaena steudneri OM4009

Asparagaceae Dracaena transvaalensis OM2008

Ast

erac

eae

Bra

chyl

aena

dis

colo

r B

S01

03A

ster

acea

e B

rach

ylae

na e

llipt

ica

Gen

bank

Ast

erac

eae

Bra

chyl

aena

hui

llens

is O

M24

7

Ast

erac

eae

Bra

chyl

aena

ner

iifol

ia O

M30

93

Ast

erac

eae

Bra

chyl

aena

rot

unda

ta O

M19

38A

ster

acea

e B

rach

ylae

na tr

ansv

aale

nsis

OM

571

Ast

erac

eae

Chr

ysan

them

oide

s m

onilf

era

Abb

ott9

171

Ast

erac

eae

Did

elta

spi

nosa

MW

C27

188

Ast

erac

eae

Dis

teph

anus

div

aric

atus

OM

2758

Ast

erac

eae

Eum

orph

ia d

avyi

Mag

ee30

7

Ast

erac

eae

Loph

olae

na c

oriif

olia

OM

Mvd

B41

Ast

erac

eae

Loph

olae

na d

istic

ha O

M39

09

Ast

erac

eae

Met

alas

ia d

ensa

BS

0166

Ast

erac

eae

Met

alas

ia m

uric

ata

AM

0154

Ast

erac

eae

Old

enbu

rgia

gra

ndis

Gen

bank

Ast

erac

eae

Phy

mas

perm

um a

cero

sum

Mag

ee30

6

Ast

erac

eae

Pul

chea

dio

scor

idis

OM

2428

Ast

erac

eae

Ser

iphi

um p

lum

osum

OM

1785

Ast

erac

eae

Sol

anec

io m

anni

i Gen

bank

Ast

erac

eae

Tarc

hona

nthu

s ca

mph

orat

us O

M15

15

Ast

erac

eae

Tarc

hona

nthu

s tr

ilobu

s O

M32

70

Ast

erac

eae

Tarc

hona

nthu

s tr

ilobu

s ga

lpin

ii O

M38

30

Ast

erac

eae

Ver

noni

a na

tale

nsis

Bur

row

s126

90

Big

noni

acea

e D

olic

hand

rone

alb

a O

M39

21B

Big

noni

acea

e Fe

rnan

doa

mag

nific

a O

M23

36

Big

noni

acea

e K

igel

ia a

frica

na O

M34

97

Big

noni

acea

e M

arkh

amia

obt

usifo

lia O

M23

75

Big

noni

acea

e M

arkh

amia

zan

ziba

rica

OM

3500

Big

noni

acea

e R

higo

zum

obo

vatu

m O

M29

42

Big

noni

acea

e R

higo

zum

zam

besi

acum

OM

1590

Big

noni

acea

e S

tere

ospe

rmum

kun

thia

num

OM

2086

Big

noni

acea

e Te

com

aria

cap

ensi

s O

M45

4Bo

ragi

nace

ae C

ordi

a af

rican

a O

M19

83

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

caffr

a O

M15

61

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

goet

zei O

M34

79

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

gran

dica

lyx

OM

837

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

oval

is O

M35

3

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

sine

nsis

OM

354

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

stuh

lman

nii O

M24

10

Bora

gina

ceae

Cor

dia

tore

ii O

M25

88

Bora

gina

ceae

Ehr

etia

am

oena

OM

2533

Bora

gina

ceae

Ehr

etia

rigi

da O

M39

6

Bru

niac

eae

Ber

zelia

lanu

gino

sa O

M30

91

Bru

niac

eae

Bru

nia

albi

flora

OM

3116

Bru

niac

eae

Ras

palia

trig

yna

Gen

bank

Burseraceae Canarium madagascariense Burrows09710

Burseraceae Commiphora africana OM334

Burseraceae Commiphora edulis OM1309

Burseraceae Commiphora glandulosa RBN160

Burseraceae Commiphora harveyi OM1455

Burseraceae Commiphora marlothii OM1587

Burseraceae Commiphora mollis OM1275

Burseraceae Commiphora mossambicensis OM4075

Burseraceae Commiphora neglecta RL1343

Burseraceae Commiphora pyracanthoides OM1310

Burseraceae Commiphora schimperi OM1361

Burseraceae Commiphora schlechterii OM3599

Burseraceae Commiphora serrata OM2660

Burseraceae Commiphora woodii OM2276

Burseraceae Commiphora zanzibarica OM2432

Burseraceae Dacryodes buettneri Genbank

Burseraceae Dacryodes edulis Genbank

Burseraceae Dacryodes klaineana Genbank

Burseraceae Dacryodes letestui Genbank

Burseraceae Santiria trimera Genbank

Buxaceae Buxus macowani OM1762

Buxaceae Buxus natalensis OM1768

Canellaceae Warburgia salutaris OM1853

Capparaceae Bachmannia woodii MWC35838

Capparaceae Boscia albitrunca OM1274

Capparaceae Boscia angustifolia OM2069

Capparaceae Boscia foetida OM296

Capparaceae Boscia foetida filipes OM1916

Capparaceae Boscia mossambicensis OM250

Capparaceae Boscia salicifolia OM2543

Capparaceae Cadaba aphylla OM3203

Capparaceae Cadaba kirkii OM3579

Capparaceae Cadaba termitaria OM1930

Capparaceae Capparis erythrocarpos OM2332

Capparaceae Capparis fascicularis OM1640

Capparaceae Capparis sepiaria citrifolia OM3626

Capparaceae Capparis sepiaria subglabra OM2746

Capparaceae Capparis tomentosa OM1112

Capparaceae Cladostemon kirkii OM2389

Capparaceae Maerua andradae Lotter1802

Capparaceae Maerua angolensis OM1449

Capparaceae Maerua caffra OM3189

Capparaceae Maerua decumbens OM2097

Capparaceae Maerua juncea OM1592

Capparaceae Maerua parviflora RL1199

Capparaceae Maerua rosmarinoides OM1476

Capparaceae Ritchiea capparoides Lotter1805

Capparaceae Ritchiea pygmae Lotter1801

Capparaceae Thilachium africanum OM2549

Car

diop

terid

acea

e Le

ptau

lus

daph

noid

es G

enba

nk

Cel

astra

ceae

Allo

cass

ine

laur

ifolia

Abb

ott9

147

Cel

astra

ceae

Bre

xia

mad

agas

carie

nsis

OM

2676

Cel

astra

ceae

Cas

sine

per

agua

Abb

ott9

178

Cel

astra

ceae

Cas

sine

retic

ulat

a G

enba

nk

Cel

astra

ceae

Cas

sine

sch

inoi

des

Gen

bank

Cel

astra

ceae

Cat

ha e

dulis

OM

2079

Cel

astra

ceae

Ela

eode

ndro

n cr

oceu

m A

bbot

t919

7

Cel

astra

ceae

Ela

eode

ndro

n m

atab

elic

um G

enba

nk

Cel

astra

ceae

Ela

eode

ndro

n tra

nsva

alen

se O

M12

29

Cel

astra

ceae

Glo

veria

inte

grifo

lia M

WC

3283

5

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

are

nico

la O

M40

20

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

bac

hman

nii A

bbot

t914

4

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

bux

ifolia

RL1

397

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

cap

itata

van

Wyk

551

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

dev

enis

hii A

bbot

t924

4

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

gla

ucop

hylla

Bou

rqui

n76

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

gra

ndifo

lia A

bbot

t914

3

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

har

veya

na N

Q1

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

het

erop

hylla

OM

623

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

mar

angu

ensi

s O

M16

37

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

mar

kwar

dii O

M36

27

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

mos

sam

bica

nsis

OM

2633

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

nem

oros

a A

bbot

t918

7

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

oxy

carp

a R

BN

282

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

pol

yaca

ntha

OM

2248

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

pol

yaca

ntha

vac

cini

folia

Hah

n293

3

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

pub

esce

ns O

M19

29

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

put

terli

ckio

ides

OM

909

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

rubr

a O

M42

17C

elas

trace

ae G

ymno

spor

ia s

eneg

alen

sis

RB

N28

5

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

szy

szyl

owic

zii V

lok2

618

Cel

astra

ceae

Gym

nosp

oria

tenu

ispi

na N

Q02

Cel

astra

ceae

Hip

pocr

atea

cre

nata

OM

2441

Cel

astra

ceae

Hip

pocr

atea

indi

ca O

M19

25

Cel

astra

ceae

Lyd

enbu

rgia

abb

ottii

Abb

ott9

242

Cel

astra

ceae

Lyd

enbu

rgia

cas

sino

ides

Gen

bank

Cel

astra

ceae

Mau

roce

nia

frang

ula

Gen

bank

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s ab

botti

i Abb

ott9

139

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s ac

umin

ata

Abbo

tt920

1

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s al

bata

OM

1855

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s co

rdat

a Ab

bott9

138

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s ol

eoid

es O

M22

62

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s pe

dunc

ular

is M

WC

2716

3

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s pr

ocum

bens

OM

3602

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s sp

A A

bbot

t914

0

Cel

astra

ceae

May

tenu

s un

data

OM

2644

Cel

astra

ceae

Mys

troxy

lon

aeth

iopi

cum

bur

kean

um W

B00

02

Cel

astra

ceae

Mys

troxy

lon

aeth

iopi

cum

mac

roca

rpum

Gen

bank

Cel

astra

ceae

Mys

troxy

lon

aeth

iopi

cum

sch

lech

teri

RB

N35

5

Cel

astra

ceae

Ple

uros

tylia

cap

ensi

s O

M18

67

Cel

astra

ceae

Prio

nost

emm

a de

lago

ensi

s O

M37

38

Cel

astra

ceae

Pris

timer

a lo

ngip

etio

lata

OM

1098

Cel

astra

ceae

Pse

udos

alac

ia s

treyi

Abb

ott9

248

Cel

astra

ceae

Pte

roce

last

rus

echi

natu

s O

M18

68

Cel

astra

ceae

Pte

roce

last

rus

rost

ratu

s Ab

bott9

203

Cel

astra

ceae

Pte

roce

last

rus

tricu

spid

atus

Abb

ott9

213

Cel

astra

ceae

Put

terli

ckia

pyr

acan

tha

AM

0234

Cel

astra

ceae

Put

terli

ckia

retro

spin

osa

Abb

ott9

126

Cel

astra

ceae

Put

terli

ckia

sax

atili

s G

reff1

02

Cel

astra

ceae

Put

terli

ckia

ver

ruco

sa O

M14

04

Cel

astra

ceae

Rob

sono

dend

ron

eucl

eifo

rme

Abb

ott9

132

Cel

astra

ceae

Rob

sono

dend

ron

mar

itim

um M

WC

2869

0

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

bus

sei B

urro

ws1

3458

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

ger

rard

ii A

bbot

t924

1

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

kra

ussi

i RB

N10

2

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

lehm

bach

ii G

enba

nk

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

lolo

ensi

s G

enba

nk

Cel

astra

ceae

Sal

acia

rhem

anii

Bur

row

s742

6

Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanus icaco Genbank

Chrysobalanaceae Dactyladenia pallescens Genbank

Chrysobalanaceae Dactyladenia staudtii Genbank

Chrysobalanaceae Hirtella zanzibarica OM2649

Chrysobalanaceae Magnistipula glaberrima Genbank

Chrysobalanaceae Parinari capensis incohata OM3613

Chrysobalanaceae Parinari curatellifolia OM2621

Chrysobalanaceae Parinari excelsa Burrows10672

Clusiaceae Endodesmia calophylloides Genbank

Clusiaceae Garcinia acutifolia Burro

ws11371

Clusiaceae Garcinia conrauana G

enbank

Clusiaceae Garcinia epunctata Genbank

Clusiaceae Garcinia gerra

rdi OM2242

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia gnetoides Genbank

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia kola G

enbank

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia livingsto

nei OM1189

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia lucid

a Genbank

Clusiaceae Garcinia mannii G

enbank

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia ovalifo

lia Genbank

Clusiaceae Garcinia punctata Genbank

Clusiace

ae Garci

nia smeathmannii G

enbank

Clusiaceae Mammea afric

ana Genbank

Clusiace

ae Pentadesma butyr

acea G

enbank

Clusiace

ae Symphonia globulife

ra Genbank

Combretaceae Combretum adenogonium OM2123

Combretaceae Combretum albopunctatum OM1038

Combretaceae Combretum apiculatum OM2066

Combretaceae Combretum apiculatum leutweinii OM1018

Combretaceae Combretum bracteosum OM1676

Combretaceae Combretum caffrum OM1750

Combretaceae Combretum celastroides OM MvdB28

Combretaceae Combretum celastroides orientale OM1917

Combretaceae Combretum collinum gazense OM1024

Combretaceae Combretum collinum suluense OM MvdB34

Combretaceae Combretum collinum taborense RBN170

Combretaceae Combretum edwardsii OM1584

Combretaceae Combretum eleagnoides OM1028

Combretaceae Combretum engleri OM1025

Combretaceae Combretum erythrophyllum RL1344

Combretaceae Combretum hereroense OM2400

Combretaceae Combretum imberbe OM1019

Combretaceae Combretum kirkii OM2714

Combretaceae Combretum kraussii OM1582

Combretaceae Combretum microphyllum OM2038

Combretaceae Combretum mkuzense OM1569

Combretaceae Combretum moggii OM1586

Combretaceae Combretum molle RL1644

Combretaceae Combretum mossambicense OM2068

Combretaceae Combretum nelsonii MvdB26

Combretaceae Combretum obovatum OM4166

Combretaceae Combretum oxystachium OM1056

Combretaceae Combretum padoides OM2388

Combretaceae Combretum paniculatum RL1661Combretaceae Combretum petrophilum OM2007

Combretaceae Combretum pisoniiflorum OM2600

Combretaceae Combretum platypetalum OM2092

Combretaceae Combretum psidioides dinteri OM1039

Combretaceae Combretum psidioides psidioides OM2052

Combretaceae Combretum stylesii OM997

Combretaceae Combretum tenuipes OM1089

Combretaceae Combretum vendae OM MvdB9

Combretaceae Combretum wattii OM995

Combretaceae Combretum woodii OM1646

Combretaceae Combretum zeyheri RL1440

Combretaceae Lumnitzera racemosa OM2478

Combretaceae Meiostemon tetrandrus OM1653

Combretaceae Pteleopsis anisoptera OM1656

Combretaceae Pteleopsis myrtifolia OM2368

Combretaceae Quisqualis parviflora Abbott8891

Combretaceae Strephonema mannii Genbank

Combretaceae Strephonema pseudocolum Genbank

Combretaceae Strephonema sericeum GenbankCombretaceae Terminalia brachystemma OM MvdB18Combretaceae Terminalia mollis OM1032

Combretaceae Terminalia phanerophlebia OM1191

Combretaceae Terminalia prunioides OM1061Combretaceae Terminalia randii OM2115

Combretaceae Terminalia sambesiaca OM2392

Combretaceae Terminalia sericea OM1037Combretaceae Terminalia stenostachya OM2059

Combretaceae Terminalia stuhlmannii OM4168

Combretaceae Terminalia trichopoda OM1657

Con

nara

ceae

Cne

stis

pol

yphy

lla A

bbot

t911

3

Con

nara

ceae

Jol

lydo

ra d

upar

quet

iana

Gen

bank

Con

nara

ceae

Jol

lydo

ra g

land

ulos

a G

enba

nk

Con

nara

ceae

Rou

rea

orie

ntal

is O

M25

13

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Ipom

oea

fistu

losa

Gen

bank

Cornaceae A

langium chinense G

enbank

Cornaceae C

ornus volkensii OM

3999

Cornaceae C

urtisia dentata OM

3167

Crassulaceae Crassula arborescens JG053

Crassulaceae Tylecodon paniculatus JWB508

Cun

onia

ceae

Cun

onia

cap

ensi

s Ab

bott9

237

Cun

onia

ceae

Pla

tylo

phus

trifo

liatu

s O

M31

63

Cupressaceae Widdringtonia nodiflora GenbankCupressaceae Widdringtonia schwarzii Genbank

Cycadaceae Cycas thouarsii Genbank

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum barbosae OM2374

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum cymosum OM2117

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum deflexum Burrows11086

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum edule Burrows11413

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum macrocarpum Burrows12549

Dichapetalaceae Tapura africana Genbank

Dichapetalaceae Tapura fisheri OM3496

Dilleniaceae Tetracera boiviniana Burrows09126

Dilleniaceae Tetracera masuiana Burrows11174

Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea elephantipes LTM019

Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea strydomiana AMM6124

Dipterocarpaceae Marquesia acuminata OM4142

Dipterocarpaceae Monotes engleri Burrows12159

Dipterocarpaceae Monotes glaber OM2130

Dipterocarpaceae Monotes katangensis OM4138

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

aby

ssin

ica

Gen

bank

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

bat

ocan

a M

WC

2121

0

Ebenaceae D

iospyros dichrophylla Abbott9162 E

bena

ceae

Dio

spyr

os fe

rrea

MW

C21

193

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

gab

unen

sis

Gen

bank

Ebenaceae D

iospyros glabra OM

2933 Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

gra

cile

scen

s G

enba

nkEbenaceae D

iospyros hoyleana Genbank

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

inha

caen

sis

OM

2225E

benaceae Diospyros iturensis G

enbank Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

kirk

ii O

M35

26

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

kor

upen

sis

Gen

bankE

benaceae Diospyros loureriana O

M2145

Ebenaceae D

iospyros lycioides guerkei RB

N343

Ebenaceae D

iospyros lycioides lycioides OM

2126 Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

man

nii G

enba

nkE

bena

ceae

Dio

spyr

os m

espi

lifor

mis

OM

218

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

nat

alen

sis

nata

lens

is O

M17

63

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

nat

alen

sis

num

mul

aria

OM

1838

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

obl

iqui

folia

Gen

bankE

benaceae Diospyros parviflora O

M3918 E

bena

ceae

Dio

spyr

os p

isca

toria

Gen

bank

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

pre

ussi

i Gen

bank

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

pse

udom

espi

lus

unda

bund

a B

urro

ws1

3440

Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

rot

undi

folia

OM

2468

Ebenaceae D

iospyros scabrida Abbott9246

Ebenaceae D

iospyros simii A

bbott9204 Ebe

nace

ae D

iosp

yros

squ

arro

sa O

M34

85E

benaceae Diospyros truncatifolia O

M3480

Ebenaceae D

iospyros ventricosa OM

3948E

benaceae Diospyros verrucosa O

M2379

Ebenaceae D

iospyros villosa parvifolia OM

1365E

benaceae Diospyros villosa villosa O

M1575 E

bena

ceae

Dio

spyr

os v

irgat

a B

urro

ws1

3373

Ebenaceae D

iospyros whyteana O

M M

vdB59

Ebenaceae D

iospyros zenkeri Genbank

Ebenaceae E

uclea coriacea MW

C22169

Ebenaceae E

uclea crispa OM

2254

Ebenaceae E

uclea daphnoides OM

1381

Ebenaceae E

uclea divinorum O

M1102

Ebenaceae E

uclea natalensis augustifolia RB

N287

Ebenaceae E

uclea natalensis natalensis OM

936

Ebenaceae E

uclea natalensis obovata OM

2658

Ebenaceae E

uclea natalensis rotundifolia OM

3606

Ebenaceae E

uclea pseudebenus MW

C21190

Ebenaceae E

uclea racemosa O

M1538

Ebenaceae E

uclea undulata OM

1572

Ericaceae E

rica areolata CM

71017

Ericaceae E

rica articularis EF

G70619

Ericaceae E

rica brachialis CC

62616

Ericaceae E

rica caffra OM

2307

Ericaceae E

rica calycina HK

M70624

Ericaceae E

rica cerinthoides CM

7056

Ericaceae E

rica coccinea OM

3115

Ericaceae E

rica cordata EF

G7035

Ericaceae E

rica corifolia JS61928

Ericaceae E

rica curvifolia TE

M6221

Ericaceae E

rica daphniflora JL8027E

ricaceae Erica equisetifolia T

EM

62229

Ericaceae E

rica ericoides CC

62724

Ericaceae E

rica fascicularis CC

62127

Ericaceae E

rica gracilis JAS

7091

Ericaceae E

rica grata EF

G7087

Ericaceae E

rica hispidula CM

70235

Ericaceae E

rica infundibuliformis C

M70221

Ericaceae E

rica labialis HK

M62023

Ericaceae E

rica madida H

KM

71128

Ericaceae E

rica massonii H

KM

62813

Ericaceae E

rica melanthera H

KM

70324

Ericaceae E

rica muscosa C

M62035

Ericaceae E

rica natalitia natalitia Abbott9208

Ericaceae E

rica nudiflora TE

M7042

Ericaceae E

rica pectinifolia DG

E078−26032011

Ericaceae E

rica penicilliformis E

FG

7036

Ericaceae E

rica placentiflora ET

6253E

ricaceae Erica plukenetii C

M7054

Ericaceae E

rica plumosa S

M7319

Ericaceae E

rica rigidula HK

M62811

Ericaceae E

rica rosacea CM

70513

Ericaceae E

rica serrata CC

62143

Ericaceae E

rica similis C

M70222

Ericaceae E

rica sitiens CC

62723

Ericaceae E

rica squarrosa HK

M62810

Ericaceae E

rica triceps CM

71026

Ericaceae E

rica triflora MW

C23115

Ericaceae E

rica verecunda EF

G72620

Ericaceae E

rica versicolor TE

M70422

Ericaceae E

rica vestita EF

G70818

Ericaceae E

rica viscaria HK

M6284

Ericaceae Vaccinium

exul MW

C27036

Erythroxy

laceae Eryt

hroxylum delagoense

OM1499

Erythroxy

laceae Eryt

hroxylum emarginatum O

M1545

Erythroxy

laceae Eryt

hroxylum pict

um Abbott9129

Erythroxy

laceae Eryt

hroxylum za

mbesiacu

m Burrows1

3386

Erythroxy

laceae N

ectaropetalum ca

pense Abbott9

146

Erythroxy

laceae N

ectaropetalum zu

luense O

M2161

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Acalyp

ha ch

irindic

a OM

2341

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Acalyp

ha g

labra

ta g

labra

ta O

M44

1

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Acalyp

ha g

labra

ta p

ilosa

OM

1979

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Alchor

nea

hirte

lla M

WC36

209

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Alchor

nea

laxiflo

ra O

M23

30

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Argom

uelle

ra m

acro

phyll

a Gen

bank

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cav

acoa

aur

ea O

M20

35

Euphorbiaceae C

lutia abys

sinica

Abbott9

231

Euphorbiaceae C

lutia m

onticola B

urrows1

2688

Euphorbiaceae C

lutia pulch

ella A

bbott9112

Euphorbiaceae C

lutia sp

nov Abbott2

571 Abbott9

205

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Croto

n gr

atiss

imus

OM

1946

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cro

ton

long

irace

mos

us G

enba

nk

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Croto

n m

adan

dens

is RL1

539

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Croto

n m

egalo

botry

s RL1

574

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cro

ton

men

yhar

thii O

M25

52

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cro

ton

pseu

dopu

lchel

lus

RBN262

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Croto

n ste

enka

mpia

nus R

BN151

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cro

ton

sylva

ticus

OM

2246

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Cro

tono

gyne

stri

gosa

Gen

bank

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Croto

nogy

nops

is sp

. Gen

bank

Euphorbiaceae D

ichoste

mma glaucesc

ens Genbank

Eupho

rbiac

eae D

iscog

lypre

mna ca

loneu

ra G

enba

nk

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Eryth

roco

cca

berb

eride

a OM

3784

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Eryth

roco

cca

men

yhar

thii O

M24

31

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Eryth

roco

cca

sp n

ov A

bbot

t914

8

Euphorbiace

ae Euphorb

ia cooperi O

M1464

Eupho

rbiac

eae E

upho

rbia

espin

osa R

BN189

Eupho

rbiac

eae E

upho

rbia

guer

ichian

a OM89

4

Euphorbiace

ae Euphorb

ia matabelensis

OM2416

Euphorbiace

ae Euphorb

ia rowlandii R

BN263

Euphorbiace

ae Euphorb

ia tiruca

lli OM569

Euphorbiaceae E

uphorbia triangularis

Abb

ott9222

Eupho

rbiac

eae E

xcoe

caria

buss

ei OM23

85

Eupho

rbiac

eae E

xcoe

caria

simii A

bbott

9211

Euphorbiaceae K

laineanthus gabonii G

enbank

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Mac

aran

ga ca

pens

is OM

2233

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Mac

aran

ga m

onan

dra

Genba

nk

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Mall

otus

opp

ositif

olius

Oko

li25

Eupho

rbiac

eae M

apro

unea

afric

ana O

M2619

Eupho

rbiac

eae M

apro

unea

mem

bran

acea

Gen

bank

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Mar

eyop

sis lo

ngifo

lia G

enba

nk

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Micr

ococ

ca ca

pens

is Abb

ott9

111

Eupho

rbiac

eae N

ecep

sia G

enba

nk

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Neo

bout

onia

man

nii G

enba

nk

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Neo

holst

ia te

nuifo

lia te

nuifo

lia B

urro

ws127

33

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Pycno

com

a litt

orali

s Bur

rows0

9173

Eupho

rbiac

eae

Pycno

com

a m

acro

phyll

a Gen

bank

Eupho

rbiac

eae S

apium

ellip

ticum

Gen

bank

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Sch

inzio

phyt

on ra

utan

eniii

OM

2449

Eupho

rbiac

eae S

clero

croton

integ

errim

um O

M2489

Eupho

rbiac

eae S

hirak

iopsis

ellip

ticum

OM18

43

Eupho

rbiac

eae S

piros

tachy

s afric

anus

OM23

96

Euphorbiaceae S

uregada africana O

M1839

Euphorbiaceae S

uregada procera O

M1829

Euphorbiaceae S

uregada zanzib

ariensis

OM1845

Euphorbiaceae S

ynadenium cu

pulare OM1511

Euphorbiaceae S

ynadenium ki

rkii O

M2556

Eupho

rbia

ceae

Tan

nodi

a sw

ynne

rtoni

i OM

1858

Faba

ceae

Aca

cia

amyt

heth

ophy

lla R

L131

4Fa

bace

ae A

caci

a fle

ckii

RL1

328

Faba

ceae

Aca

cia

ther

onii

RL1

313

Faba

ceae

Ade

nopo

dia

spic

ata

MW

C28

710

Fabaceae Afzelia bella Genbank

Fabaceae Afzelia quanzensis OM

2113

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

adi

anth

ifolia

OM

2610

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

am

ara

OM

2136

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

ant

helm

intic

a O

M25

76Fa

bace

ae A

lbiz

ia b

revi

folia

OM

826

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

forb

esii

OM

331

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

gla

berim

a O

M26

05

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

gum

mife

ra O

M38

80

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

har

veyi

OM

773

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

pet

ersi

ana

OM

1378

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

sch

impe

riana

OM

3888

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

sul

uens

is O

M22

27

Faba

ceae

Alb

izia

tang

anyi

cens

is O

M19

72Fa

bace

ae A

lbiz

ia v

ersi

colo

r O

M25

35Fa

bace

ae A

lbiz

ia z

imm

erm

anni

i OM

2363

Fabaceae Am

blygonocarpus andongonensis OM

2609

Fabaceae Angylocalyx oligophyllus G

enbank

Fabaceae Angylocalyx pynaertii G

enbank

Fabaceae Anthonotha fragrans G

enbank

Fabaceae Anthonotha lam

prophylla Genbank

Fabaceae Anthonotha m

acrophylla Genbank

Fabaceae Aspalathus linearis A

MM

4783Fabaceae A

spalathus pendula AM

M4066

Fabaceae Baikiaea plurijuga M

660

Fabaceae Baphia laurifolia G

enbank

Fabaceae Baphia m

assaiensis RB

N130

Fabaceae Baphia racem

osa OM

2221

Fabaceae Bauhinia galpinii Genbank

Fabaceae Bauhinia mendoncae Burrow

s13457

Fabaceae Bauhinia micrantha Burrow

s13876

Fabaceae Bauhinia natalensis CS07

Fabaceae Bauhinia petersiana OM

2243

Fabaceae Bauhinia thonningii OM

3503

Fabaceae Bauhinia tomentosa O

M2391

Fabaceae Berlinia auriculata G

enbank

Fabaceae Berlinia hollandii G

enbank

Fabaceae Berlinia orientalis B

urrows10892

Fabaceae Bolusanthus speciosus O

M0240

Fabaceae Brachystegia allenii B

urrows13435

Fabaceae Brachystegia boehm

ii OM

3534

Fabaceae Brachystegia bussei G

enbank

Fabaceae Brachystegia floribunda B

urrows12203

Fabaceae Brachystegia glaucescens B

urrows12213

Fabaceae Brachystegia longifolia B

urrows11258

Fabaceae Brachystegia stipulata O

M2043

Faba

ceae

Bur

kea

afric

ana

OM

2128

Fabaceae Calpocalyx dinklagei G

enbank

Fabaceae Calpurnia aurea O

M1532

Fabaceae Calpurnia sericea A

bbott9196

Fabaceae Cassia abbreviata abbreviata O

M2047

Fabaceae Cassia abbreviata beareana O

M3388

Fabaceae Cassia afrofistula O

M2629

Fabaceae Colophosperm

um m

opane RL1558

Fabaceae Copaifera baum

iana Burrow

s13411

Fabaceae Cordyla africana O

M2745

Fabaceae Craibia brevicaudata O

M1813

Fabaceae Craibia zim

merm

annii OM

2230

Fabaceae Crotalaria capensis O

M3786

Fabaceae Crotalaria laburnifolia australis O

M608

Fabaceae Crotalaria m

onteiroi galpinii MlR

008

Fabaceae Cyclopia genistoides JW

B022

Fabaceae Dalbergia arbutifolia O

M2712

Fabaceae Dalbergia arm

ata OM

3271

Fabaceae Dalbergia boehm

ii OM

2452

Fabaceae Dalbergia m

elanoxylon OM

2394

Fabaceae Dalbergia m

ultijuga Abbott9158

Fabaceae Dalbergia nitidula O

M2534

Fabaceae Dalbergia obovata A

bbott9170

Fabaceae Dalbergiella nyasae G

enbankFabaceae D

erris trifoliata Genbank

Fabaceae Dialium

corbisieri Genbank

Fabaceae Dialium

pachyphyllum G

enbank

Fabaceae Dialium

polyanthum G

enbank

Fabaceae Dialium

schlechteri OM

2498

Fabaceae Dialium

tessmannii G

enbank

Faba

ceae

Dic

hros

tach

ys c

iner

ea a

fric

ana

RB

N35

9Fa

bace

ae D

ichr

osta

chys

cin

erea

nya

ssan

a O

M28

3

Faba

ceae

Ele

phan

torr

hiza

bur

kei O

M19

45Fa

bace

ae E

leph

anto

rrhi

za e

leph

antin

a O

M48

3

Faba

ceae

Ele

phan

torr

hiza

goe

tzei

OM

1207

Faba

ceae

Ele

phan

torr

hiza

obl

iqua

McC

lela

nd82

8 Fabaceae Entada abyssinica O

M2316

Faba

ceae

Ent

ada

rhee

dei O

M24

17Fa

bace

ae E

ntad

a w

ahlb

ergi

a O

M25

86

Fabaceae Eriosem

a psoraleoides OM

3284

Fabaceae Erythrina abyssinica O

M2095

Fabaceae Erythrina acanthocarpa O

M3916B

Fabaceae Erythrina baum

ii Burrow

s13412

Fabaceae Erythrina caffra B

S0057

Fabaceae Erythrina hum

eana OM

741

Fabaceae Erythrina latissim

a OM

1428

Fabaceae Erythrina livingstoniana O

M2354

Fabaceae Erythrina lysistem

on RB

N329

Fabaceae Erythrina m

adagascariensis Burrow

s11364

Fabaceae Erythrina sacleuxii B

urrows09221b

Fabaceae Erythrina zeyheri O

M1589

Fabaceae Erythrophleum

africanum O

M2537

Fabaceae Erythrophleum

ivorense Genbank

Fabaceae Erythrophyllum

suaveolens OM

2674Fa

bace

ae F

aidh

erbi

a al

bida

RB

N16

5

Fabaceae Gilbertiodendron dem

onstrans Genbank

Fabaceae Guibourtia coleosperm

a OM

2116

Fabaceae Guibourtia conjugata O

M1287

Fabaceae Guibourtia schliebenii B

urrows11308

Fabaceae Guibourtia sousae B

urrows10567

Faba

ceae

Gui

land

ina

bond

uc O

M36

15

Faba

ceae

Hae

mat

oxyl

um G

enba

nk

Fabaceae Hym

enaea verrucosa Genbank

Fabaceae Hym

enostegia afzelii Genbank

Fabaceae Hym

enostegia bakeriana Genbank

Fabaceae Hym

enostegia floribunda Genbank

Fabaceae Hym

enostegia klainei Genbank

Fabaceae Hym

enostegia ngounyensis Genbank

Fabaceae Hypocalyptus sophoroides O

M3051

Fabaceae Icuria dunensis Burrow

s11243

Fabaceae Indigofera arrecta AM

M3707

Fabaceae Indigofera cytisoides AM

M5739

Fabaceae Indigofera filifolia Stirton13192

Fabaceae Indigofera frutescens CS

01

Fabaceae Indigofera fulgens OM

2382

Fabaceae Indigofera natalitia Abbott9172

Fabaceae Indigofera rhytidocarpa OM

669

Fabaceae Indigofera sanguinea Burrow

s12693

Fabaceae Indigofera suffruticosa Genbank

Fabaceae Indigofera tinctoria arcuata OM

1933

Fabaceae Isoberlinia angolensis Burrow

s13467

Fabaceae Julbernardia globiflora OM

2517

Fabaceae Julbernardia paniculata OM

4100

Fabaceae Lebeckia sericea Genbank

Fabaceae Liparia hirsuta JWB

020Fabaceae Liparia m

yrtifolia JWB

039

Fabaceae Liparia racemosa JW

B089

Fabaceae Liparia rafnioides JWB

033

Fabaceae Liparia vestita JWB

014

Faba

ceae

Mez

oneu

ron

ango

lens

e O

M39

76

Fabaceae Micklethw

aitia carvalhoi Burrows12833

Fabaceae Milletia m

akoudensis Lotter1723

Fabaceae Millettia grandis O

M1757

Fabaceae Millettia m

osambicense O

M2335

Fabaceae Millettia stuhlm

annii OM

2522

Fabaceae Millettia usaram

ensis OM

2433

Fabaceae Mucuna poggei pesa O

M4137

Fabaceae Mundulea sericea O

M2625

Faba

ceae

New

toni

a bu

chan

anii

Gen

bank

Faba

ceae

New

toni

a du

parq

uetia

na G

enba

nkFa

bace

ae N

ewto

nia

hild

ebra

ndtii

Gen

bank

Faba

ceae

New

toni

a le

ucoc

arpa

Gen

bank

Fabaceae Orm

ocarpum kirkii O

M2014

Fabaceae Orm

ocarpum trichocarpum

OM

2508

Fabaceae Otholobium

caffrum A

bbott9245

Fabaceae Otholobium

polystictum A

MM

3678

Fabaceae Otholobium

spicatum A

MM

3445

Fabaceae Otholobium

stachyerum A

MM

3837

Fabaceae Otholobium

wilm

sii AM

M3782

Fabaceae Peltophorum

africanum O

M2401

Fabaceae Pericopsis angolensis angolensis B

urrows13443

Fabaceae Philenoptera bussei O

M2376

Fabaceae Philenoptera violacea O

M242

Fabaceae Piliostigma thonningii O

M3590

Fabaceae Podalyria calyptrata M

WC

16091Fabaceae P

odalyria myrtillifolia A

MM

5052

Fabaceae Podalyria velutina A

bbott9127

Fabaceae Pseudarthria hookeri O

M1473

Fabaceae Psoralea affinis A

MM

39032

Fabaceae Psoralea aphylla A

MM

3400

Fabaceae Psoralea axillaris A

MM

5874

Fabaceae Psoralea filifolia A

MM

4321

Fabaceae Psoralea glabra A

MM

3646

Fabaceae Psoralea latifolia O

M3881

Fabaceae Psoralea pinnata A

MM

3407

Fabaceae Psoralea pinnata O

M3107

Fabaceae Psoralea rhizotom

a OM

3837

Fabaceae Pterocarpus angolensis O

M2717

Fabaceae Pterocarpus brenanii O

M2510

Fabaceae Pterocarpus lucens antunesii O

M4170

Fabaceae Pterocarpus rotundifolius R

BN

174Fabaceae P

terocarpus rotundifolius polyanthus OM

2317

Faba

ceae

Pte

rolo

bium

ste

llatu

m R

BN

219 Fabaceae R

hynchosia monophylla B

urrows12692

Fabaceae Schotia afra afra O

M2274

Fabaceae Schotia brachypetala O

M1166

Fabaceae Schotia capitata O

M1159

Fabaceae Schotia latifolia G

enbank

Fabaceae Scorodophloeus fischeri Burrows11301

Fabaceae Scorodophloeus torrei Burrows12595

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia a

deno

caly

x O

M24

39Fa

bace

ae S

eneg

alia

ata

xaca

ntha

RL1

326

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia b

revi

spic

a dr

egea

na R

L133

3Fa

bace

ae S

eneg

alia

bur

kei R

L147

9Fa

bace

ae S

eneg

alia

caf

fra

RL1

335

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia c

harie

ssa

Mvd

B21

58

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia e

rioca

rpa

Mvd

B21

57Fa

bace

ae S

eneg

alia

eru

besc

ens

OM

780

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia g

alpi

nii R

L130

4Fa

bace

ae S

eneg

alia

goe

tzei

RL1

322

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia g

oetz

ei m

icro

phyl

la R

L132

0

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia h

erer

oens

is R

L133

2

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia k

raus

sian

a R

L128

7

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia m

ellif

era

OM

1060

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia m

ellif

era

detin

ens

RL1

329

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia m

ontis

−ust

i OM

1065

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia n

igre

scen

s R

BN

314

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia p

olya

cant

ha c

ampy

laca

ntha

RL1

323

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia r

obyn

sian

a O

M10

66

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia s

chw

einf

urth

ii O

M15

39

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia s

eneg

al le

iorh

achi

s O

M86

6

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia s

eneg

al r

ostr

ata

OM

255

Faba

ceae

Sen

egal

ia w

elw

itsch

ii de

lago

ensi

s O

M25

48

Fabaceae Senna petersiana O

M2515

Fabaceae Sesbania punicea O

M3472

Fabaceae Sophora inham

banensis OM

4026

Fabaceae Sophora tom

entosa Burrow

s12889

Fabaceae Stirtonanthus chrysanthus JW

B006

Fabaceae Sw

artzia madagascariensis O

M3566

Fabaceae Talbotiella korupensis Genbank

Fabaceae Tamarindus indica O

M2447

Fabaceae Tephrosia pondoensis Abbott9232Fa

bace

ae U

mtiz

a lis

teria

na O

M18

02

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ar

enar

ia O

M10

48

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a bo

rleae

OM

1902

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a da

vyi R

L131

5

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a dy

eri R

L130

9

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a er

iolo

ba R

L129

8

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ex

uvia

lis O

M26

0

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a fa

rnes

iana

Gen

bank

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ge

rrar

dii O

M31

5

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a gr

andi

corn

uta

RL1

286

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a he

becl

ada

RL1

317

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a he

becl

ada

chob

iens

is O

M10

34

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a he

becl

ada

tris

tis O

M10

49

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ka

rroo

OM

3013

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ki

rkii

kirk

ii R

L130

7

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ko

sien

sis

RL1

305

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a lu

eder

itzii

RL1

500

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a lu

eder

itzii

retin

ens

RL1

285

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a na

talit

ia R

L133

0Fa

bace

ae V

ache

llia

nebr

owni

i OM

1050

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ni

lotic

a kr

auss

iana

RL1

302

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a or

moc

arpo

ides

RL1

293

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a pe

rmix

ta J

ohan

2

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a re

ficie

ns A

care

f

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a re

hman

nian

a R

L128

8

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ro

bber

tsii

RL1

289

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ro

bust

a R

L131

0

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ro

bust

a cl

avig

era

RB

N35

4

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a ro

bust

a us

amba

rens

is O

M24

58

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a se

khuk

huni

ensi

s R

L129

6

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a si

eber

iana

OM

1029

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a si

eber

iana

woo

dii O

M96

6

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a st

uhlm

anni

i RL1

294

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a sw

azic

a R

L132

7

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a to

rrei

OM

2429

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a to

rtili

s he

tera

cant

ha R

L133

7

Faba

ceae

Vac

helli

a xa

ntho

phlo

ea O

M25

79

Fabaceae Virgilia divaricata O

M3169

Fabaceae Xanthocercis zam

besiaca OM

2735

Fabaceae Xeroderris stuhlm

annii OM

2398

Fabaceae Xylia m

endoncae OM

3927Fabaceae X

ylia torreana OM

2612

Flagellariaceae Flagellaria guineensis OM2551

Gel

sem

iace

ae M

ostu

ea b

runo

nis

Gen

bank

Gen

tiana

ceae

Ant

hocl

eist

a gr

andi

flora

OM

2671

Gerrardinaceae Gerrardina foliosa Abbott9228

Hamamelidaceae Trichocladus crinitus OM1767

Hamamelidaceae Trichocladus ellipticus Abbott9189

Hamamelidaceae Trichocladus grandiflorus Abbott9207

Hernandiaceae Gyrocarpus americanus africanus OM874

Hyperic

aceae Hyp

ericum re

volutum O

M3994

Hyperic

aceae H

yperic

um roeperia

num OM3992

Hyperic

aceae Vism

ia orientalis

Burrows1

2535

Icac

inac

eae

Apo

dyte

s di

mid

iata

OM

2485

Icac

inac

eae

Cas

sino

psis

ilic

ifolia

OM

1892

Icac

inac

eae

Cas

sino

psis

tini

folii

a A

bbot

t916

6

Irvingiaceae Desbordesia glaucescens Genbank

Irvingiaceae Irv

ingia gabonensis Genbank

Irvingiaceae Irv

ingia robur G

enbank

Iteaceae Itea Genbank

Kirkiaceae Kirkia acuminata OM2720

Kirkiaceae Kirkia wilmsii RL1230

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

buc

hner

i OM

4093

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

cep

hala

nthu

m B

urro

ws1

2817

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

erio

phyl

lum

OM

2759

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

frut

ecto

rum

Bur

row

s134

97

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

gla

brum

Abb

ott9

161

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

inci

sum

Bur

row

s110

18

Lam

iace

ae C

lero

dend

rum

tern

atum

Bur

row

s124

22

Lam

iace

ae K

arom

ia s

peci

osa

OM

700

Lam

iace

ae K

arom

ia te

ttens

is O

M41

74La

mia

ceae

Leo

notis

leon

urus

LTM

032

Lam

iace

ae P

lect

rant

hus

frut

icos

us R

BN

292

Lam

iace

ae P

rem

na m

ooie

nsis

OM

1645

Lam

iace

ae P

ychn

osta

chys

retic

ulat

a O

M19

92La

mia

ceae

Rot

heca

myr

icoi

des

OM

2598

Lam

iace

ae S

ynco

lost

emon

alb

iflor

us O

M20

21

Lam

iace

ae T

etra

deni

a rip

aria

OM

0881

Lam

iace

ae T

inne

a ba

rbat

a O

M22

88

Lam

iace

ae T

inne

a rh

odes

iana

RB

N14

3La

mia

ceae

Vite

x bu

chan

anii

OM

2751

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

doni

ana

OM

2615

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

ferr

ugin

ea a

mbo

nien

sis

RB

N14

1

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

gran

difo

lia G

enba

nk

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

harv

eyan

a O

M15

01

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

mad

iens

is m

ilanj

iens

is B

urro

ws1

3486

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

mom

bass

ae O

M35

70

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

patu

la O

M83

9

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

payo

s O

M18

19

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

pete

rsia

na O

M27

25

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

rhem

anii

RL1

385

Lam

iace

ae V

itex

zeyh

eri K

0171

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia acuta Genbank

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia jacques−felixii Genbank

Lauraceae Cryptocarya latifolia Abbott9255

Lauraceae Cryptocarya liebertiana OM2300

Lauraceae Cryptocarya myrtifolia Abbott9137Lauraceae Cryptocarya woodii Abbott9116

Lauraceae Cryptocarya wyliei Abbott9110Lauraceae Dahlgrenodendron natalense Abbott9240

Lauraceae Hypodaphnis zenkeri Genbank

Lauraceae Ocotea bullata Abbott9194

Lecythidaceae Barringtonia racem

osa OM

1830

Lecythidaceae Napoleonaea talbotii G

enbank

Lecythidaceae Oubanguia alata G

enbank

Lecythidaceae Oubanguia laurifolia G

enbank

Lecythidaceae Rhaptopetalum

sp. Genbank

Lecythidaceae Scytopetalum

klaineanum G

enbank

Linaceae Hugonia busseana OM2364

Linaceae Hugonia orientalis RBN145

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s co

ccul

oide

s H

G40

80

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s de

cuss

ata

OM

1259

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s ge

rrard

ii O

M37

22

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s he

nnin

gsii

Abbo

tt922

3

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s in

nocu

a in

nocu

a Bu

rrow

s135

01

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s m

adag

asca

riens

is O

M24

43

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s m

itis

OM

1870

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s m

yrto

ides

Bur

row

s113

77

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s pa

ngan

ensi

s O

M26

46

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s po

tato

rum

OM

2390

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s pu

ngen

s M

vdB2

2

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s sp

inos

a O

M24

38

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s us

amba

rens

is O

M25

93

Loga

niac

eae

Stry

chno

s xa

ntha

OM

2756

Lythraceae Galpinia transvaalica OM319Lythraceae Sonneratia alba Genbank

Malpighiaceae Acridocarpus chloropterus Burrows11403

Malpighiaceae Acridocarpus natalitius OM2034

Malpighiaceae Triaspis glaucophylla OM2003

Malpighiaceae Triaspis hypericoides nelsonii OM1336

Malpighiaceae Triaspis macropteron massaiensis Burrows12191

Malvaceae Abutilon angulatum OM1934

Malvaceae Abutilon sonneratianum LTM034Malvaceae Adansonia digitata OM1306

Malvaceae Azanza garckeana OM2525

Malvaceae Bombax rhodognaphaaon OM2342

Malvaceae Carpodiptera africana OM3504Malvaceae Chlamydocola chlamydantha Genbank

Malvaceae Cola acuminata Genbank

Malvaceae Cola cauliflora GenbankMalvaceae Cola digitata Genbank

Malvaceae Cola greenwayi OM2160

Malvaceae Cola lateritia GenbankMalvaceae Cola lepidota Genbank

Malvaceae Cola mossambicensis OM2321

Malvaceae Cola natalensis OM1860

Malvaceae Cola praeacuta Genbank

Malvaceae Cola rostrata GenbankMalvaceae Cola semecarpophylla Genbank

Malvaceae Cola suboppositifolia Genbank

Malvaceae Cola verticillata Genbank

Malvaceae Dombeya acutangula OM3491

Malvaceae Dombeya autumnalis OM2004

Malvaceae Dombeya burgessiae OM1537

Malvaceae Dombeya cymosa OM1507

Malvaceae Dombeya kirkii OM2561

Malvaceae Dombeya rotundifolia OM489

Malvaceae Dombeya shupangae OM2577Malvaceae Dombeya tiliacea Abbott9252

Malvaceae Glyphaea tomentosa OM2599

Malvaceae Gossypium herbaceum YBK109

Malvaceae Grewia bicolor RL1583

Malvaceae Grewia caffra OM2329

Malvaceae Grewia falcistipula Burrows13363

Malvaceae Grewia flava OM3297

Malvaceae Grewia flavescens RL1365

Malvaceae Grewia gracillima OM870

Malvaceae Grewia hexamita OM351

Malvaceae Grewia inaequilatera OM872

Malvaceae Grewia lasiocarpa Abbott9236

Malvaceae Grewia lepidopetala OM2456

Malvaceae Grewia micrantha OM2448

Malvaceae Grewia microcarpa OM2324

Malvaceae Grewia microthyrsa OM1286

Malvaceae Grewia monticola RL1114

Malvaceae Grewia occidentalis OM3228

Malvaceae Grewia pondoensis Abbott9105

Malvaceae Grewia stolzii OM4010Malvaceae Grewia sulcata RL1496

Malvaceae Grewia transzambesica OM2628

Malvaceae Grewia verinicosa OM1999Malvaceae Grewia villosa RL1523

Malvaceae Heritiera littoralis Genbank

Malvaceae Hibiscus calyphyllus RBN108

Malvaceae Hibiscus micranthus OM1608

Malvaceae Hibiscus surattensis OM3966

Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus OM2157

Malvaceae Leptonychia echinocarpa Genbank

Malvaceae Leptonychia pallida Genbank

Malvaceae Microcos coriacea Genbank

Malvaceae Scaphopetalum blackii Genbank

Malvaceae Sparrmannia africana Genbank

Malvaceae Sterculia africana OM2362

Malvaceae Sterculia alexandri OM1864

Malvaceae Sterculia appendiculata OM2360

Malvaceae Sterculia murex OM1133

Malvaceae Sterculia quiqueloba OM2314

Malvaceae Sterculia rogersii OM1227

Malvaceae Thespesia acutiloba OM2492

Malvaceae Thespesiopsis mossambicensis Burrows12837

Malvaceae Triplochiton zambesiacus OM2124

Melastomataceae Dissotis princeps OM3806

Melastomataceae Heterotis canescens Burrows12691

Melastomataceae Memecylon afzelii Genbank

Melastomataceae Memecylon englerianum Genbank

Melastomataceae Memecylon flavovirens Burrows13489Melastomataceae Memecylon lateriflorum Genbank

Melastomataceae Memecylon laurentii GenbankMelastomataceae Memecylon natalense MWC35866

Melastomataceae Warneckea jasminoides Genbank

Melastomataceae Warneckea membranifolia GenbankMelastomataceae Warneckea pulcherrima Genbank

Melastomataceae Warneckea sapinii Burrows13442

Meliaceae C

arapa procera Genbank

Meliaceae Ekebergia capensis O

M2684

Meliaceae Ekebergia pterophylla O

M3263

Meliaceae E

ntandophragma caudatum

OM

1342

Meliaceae G

uarea thompsonii G

enbank

Meliaceae Khaya anthotheca O

M2604

Meliaceae N

ymania capensis O

M1096

Meliaceae Pseudobersam

a mossam

bicensis OM

2645

Meliaceae Trichilia capitata O

M2460

Meliaceae Trichilia dregeana O

M1793

Meliaceae Trichilia em

etica OM

2103

Meliaceae Trichilia prieuriana G

enbank

Meliaceae Turraea floribunda O

M3278

Meliaceae Turraea nilotica O

M1491

Meliaceae Turraea obtusifolia O

M744

Meliaceae Turraea robusta Burrow

s11420

Meliaceae Turraea w

akefieldii Burrows08596

Meliaceae Turraeanthus m

annii Genbank

Meliaceae Xylocarpus m

oluccensis Burrows12891

Melianthaceae Bersama lucens OM1562

Melianthaceae Bersama tysoniana OM1891

Melianthaceae Greyia sutherlandii OM MvdB73

Menispermaceae Cocculus Genbank

Menispermaceae Tiliacora funifera OM2328

Menispermaceae Tinospora caffra OM2373

Menispermaceae Tinospora tenera OM1369

Monimiaceae Xymalos monospora OM1748

Mon

tinia

ceae

Mon

tinia

car

yoph

ylla

cea

Gen

bank

Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria welwitschii usam

barensis OM

3977

Moraceae Bosqueiopsis carvalhoana Burrows10692

Moraceae Ficus abutifolia OM

280

Moraceae Ficus bizanae Abbott9218

Moraceae Ficus burkei OM972

Moraceae Ficus burt davyi M

WC20234

Moraceae Ficus bussei OM

2444

Moraceae Ficus capreifolia OM

2566

Moraceae Ficus craterostem

a Abbott9168

Moraceae Ficus exasperata OM

4016

Moraceae Ficus glum

osa OM564

Moraceae Ficus ilicina M

WC20240

Moraceae Ficus ingens O

M593

Moraceae Ficus lutea OM

1822

Moraceae Ficus m

ucuso Burrows11659

Moraceae Ficus natalensis OM

2229

Moraceae Ficus petersii RL1487

Moraceae Ficus polita OM

1823

Moraceae Ficus pygm

aea MW

C20237

Moraceae Ficus rokko OM

2249

Moraceae Ficus salicifolia OM

2005

Moraceae Ficus sansibarica OM

2752

Moraceae Ficus stuhlmannii OM749

Moraceae Ficus sur O

M1556

Moraceae Ficus sycom

orus RBN197

Moraceae Ficus sycom

orus gnaphalocarpa OM4151

Moraceae Ficus tettensis RBN265

Moraceae Ficus trem

ula tremula OM

2738

Moraceae Ficus trichopoda OM

1817

Moraceae Maclura africana OM2106

Moraceae M

ilicia excelsa OM

2696

Moraceae M

orus mesozygia O

M2387

Moraceae Streblus G

enbank

Moraceae Treculia acum

inata Genbank

Moraceae Treculia africana G

enbank

Moraceae Treculia obovoidea G

enbank

Moraceae Trilepisium

madagascariense Burrows07687

Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Genbank

Moringaceae Moringa ovalifolia Genbank

Musaceae Ensete ventricosum CS02

Myricaceae Morella brevifolia OM3812

Myricaceae Morella cordifolia OM2290

Myricaceae Morella pilulifera OM3819

Myricaceae Morella serrata Abbott9173

Myristicaceae Coelocaryon preussii GenbankMyristicaceae Staudtia kamerunensis Genbank

Myrtaceae Eugenia albanensis Burrows7021

Myrtaceae Eugenia capensis Abbott9225

Myrtaceae Eugenia capensis Burrows12289

Myrtaceae Eugenia erythrophylla Abbott9121

Myrtaceae Eugenia natalitia OM2699

Myrtaceae Eugenia sp C Abbott9151

Myrtaceae Eugenia talbotii Genbank

Myrtaceae Eugenia umtamvunensis Abbott9120

Myrtaceae Eugenia uniflora Genbank

Myrtaceae Eugenia verdoorniae Abbott9122

Myrtaceae Eugenia woodii OM1795Myrtaceae Eugenia zeyheri OM1800

Myrtaceae Eugenia zuluensis Abbott9188Myrtaceae Heteropyxis natalensis OM1944

Myrtaceae Metrosideros angustifolia OM2303

Myrtaceae Syzygium cordatum OM1470

Myrtaceae Syzygium gerrardii OM1799

Myrtaceae Syzygium guineense afromontana OM2297

Myrtaceae Syzygium guineense barotsense MWC37689

Myrtaceae Syzygium guineense guineense MWC37683

Myrtaceae Syzygium guineense macrocarpum MWC37688

Myrtaceae Syzygium legatii OM1792

Myrtaceae Syzygium masukuense pachyphyllum Genbank

Myrtaceae Syzygium pondoense OM1798

Myrtaceae Syzygium rowlandii GenbankMyrtaceae Syzygium staudtii Genbank

Nyctaginaceae P

haeoptilum spinosum

OM

2957

Nyctaginaceae P

isonia aculeata Burrow

s12770

Ochnaceae Brackenridgea arenaria Burrows13453

Ochnaceae Brackenridgea zanguebarica OM2377

Ochnaceae Campylospermum calanthum Genbank

Ochnaceae Campylospermum fla

vum Genbank

Ochnaceae Campylospermum laxiflo

rum Genbank

Ochnaceae Campylospermum mannii G

enbank

Ochnaceae Campylospermum sulcatum Genbank

Ochnaceae Ochna angustata OM2659

Ochnaceae Ochna arborea CS03

Ochnaceae Ochna atropurpurea Genbank

Ochnaceae Ochna confusa OM3828

Ochnaceae Ochna holstii OM2286

Ochnaceae Ochna inermis OM1196

Ochnaceae Ochna natalitia OM2228

Ochnaceae Ochna pulchra OM2127

Olacaceae D

iogoa zenkeri Genbank

Olacaceae H

eisteria parvifolia Genbank

Olacaceae O

ctoknema affinis G

enbank

Olacaceae O

lax dissitiflora OM

2070

Olacaceae O

lax latifolia Genbank

Olacaceae O

lax pentandra Burrow

s10902

Olacaceae P

tychopetalum petiolatum

Genbank

Olacaceae S

trombosia grandifolia G

enbank

Olacaceae S

trombosia pustulata G

enbank

Olacaceae S

trombosia scheffleri G

enbank

Olacaceae S

trombosiopsis sereinii G

enbank

Olacaceae S

trombosiopsis tetrandra G

enbank

Olacaceae X

imenia am

ericana OM

299

Olacaceae X

imenia caffra R

L1182

Ole

acea

e C

hion

anth

us fo

veol

atus

OM

1832

Ole

acea

e C

hion

anth

us p

egle

rae

OM

1766

Ole

acea

e Ja

smin

um fl

umin

ense

OM

273

Ole

acea

e Ja

smin

um m

ultip

artit

um O

M78

2

Ole

acea

e Ja

smin

um q

uina

tum

T41

6

Ole

acea

e Ja

smin

um s

teno

lobu

m R

BN

133

Ole

acea

e O

lea

cape

nsis

cap

ensi

s O

M31

83

Ole

acea

e O

lea

cape

nsis

hoc

hste

tteri

OM

2677

Ole

acea

e O

lea

euro

paea

OM

2818

Ole

acea

e O

lea

race

mos

a O

M32

19

Ole

acea

e O

lea

woo

dian

a O

M15

27O

leac

eae

Sch

rebe

ra a

lata

OM

1221

Ole

acea

e S

chre

bera

tric

hocl

ada

OM

2636

Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalis OM213

Opiliaceae O

pilia Genbank

Opiliaceae O

pilia amentacea B

urrows12529

Pand

acea

e M

icro

desm

is a

frode

cand

ra G

enba

nk

Pand

acea

e M

icro

desm

is p

uber

ula

Gen

bank

Pandanaceae Pandanus livingstonianus OM4015

Passifloraceae Adenia fruticosa fru

ticosa OM1950

Passifloraceae Adenia gummifera OM2473

Passifloraceae Adenia spinosa OM1618

Passifloraceae Barteria fis

tulosa Genbank

Passifloraceae Paropsia braunii B

urrows10576

Passifloraceae Paropsia brazenana Fishwick sn

Peda

liace

ae S

esam

otha

mnu

s lu

gard

ii O

M16

22

Penaeaceae Olinia capensis GenbankPenaeaceae Olinia emarginata OM2252

Penaeaceae Olinia radiata Abbott9119Penaeaceae Olinia vanguerioides GenbankPenaeaceae Olinia ventosa OM3184

Penaeaceae Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides Abbott9125

Peridiscaceae Soyauxia gabonensis Genbank

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Ant

ides

ma

veno

sum

Gen

bank

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Ant

ides

ma

voge

lianu

m G

enba

nk

Phyll

anth

acea

e Br

idel

ia a

trovir

idis

Gen

bank

Phyl

lant

hace

ae B

ridel

ia c

atha

rtica

OM

455

Phyl

lant

hace

ae B

ridel

ia m

icra

ntha

OM

1435

Phyl

lant

hace

ae B

ridel

ia m

ollis

OM

1958

Phyl

lant

hace

ae B

ridel

ia te

nuifo

lia G

enba

nk

Phyll

anth

acea

e Cle

istan

thus

pol

ysta

chyu

s G

enba

nk

Phyll

anth

acea

e Cle

istan

thus

sch

lech

teri

OM

2539

Phyl

lant

hace

ae F

lueg

gea

viro

sa O

M36

2

Phyll

anth

acea

e Hey

woodi

a lu

cens

CS0

9

Phylla

nthaceae H

ymenoca

rdia acida O

M3558

Phylla

nthaceae H

ymenoca

rdia ulmoides O

M2686

Phyll

anth

acea

e La

chno

styli

s bi

locu

laris

Gen

bank

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Mae

sobo

trya

barte

ri G

enba

nk

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Mae

sobo

trya

klain

eana

Gen

bank

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Mae

sobo

trya

stau

dtii G

enba

nk

Phyl

lant

hace

ae M

arga

ritar

ia d

isco

idea

dis

coid

ea O

M26

39

Phyl

lant

hace

ae M

arga

ritar

ia d

isco

idea

niti

da O

M19

22

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s en

gler

i OM

4014

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s hu

tchi

nson

ianu

s G

enba

nk

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s in

flatu

s O

M18

84

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s ov

alifo

lius

OM

2455

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s pi

nnat

us O

M84

3

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

hylla

nthu

s re

ticul

atus

OM

224

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Pro

tom

egab

aria

sta

pfia

na G

enba

nk

Phyll

anth

acea

e Ps

eudo

lach

nost

ylis

map

roun

eifo

lia O

M20

71

Phyl

lant

hace

ae P

seud

ophy

llant

hus

oval

is G

enba

nk

Phyl

lant

hace

ae T

heca

coris

sp.

Gen

bank

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Uap

aca

guin

eens

is G

enba

nk

Phyll

anth

acea

e Uap

aca

kirkia

na O

M40

89

Phylla

ntha

ceae

Uap

aca

nitid

a O

M26

23

Phyll

anth

acea

e Uap

aca

pilo

sa p

ilosa

OM

4150

Phyll

anth

acea

e Uap

aca

sans

ibar

ica O

M26

14

Phyll

anth

acea

e Uap

aca

stau

dtii G

enba

nk

Picr

oden

drac

eae

Andr

osta

chys

john

soni

i OM

3959

Picr

oden

drac

eae

Hya

enan

che

glob

osa

OM

1873

Piperaceae Piper capense OM4000

Pitt

ospo

race

ae P

ittos

poru

m v

iridi

floru

m O

M28

15

Plum

baginaceae Plum

bago auriculata OM

1686

Poaceae Oreobambos buchwaldii Genbank

Poaceae Oxytenanthera abyssinica OM2572

Poaceae Thamnocalamus tesselatus OM2308

Podocarpaceae Podocarpus elongatus GenbankPodocarpaceae Podocarpus falcatus GenbankPodocarpaceae Podocarpus henkelii GenbankPodocarpaceae Podocarpus latifolius Genbank

Polygalaceae Carpolobia goetzei O

M2459

Polygalaceae Carpolobia lutea G

enbank

Polygalaceae Heterosam

ara galpinii Burrows09560

Polygalaceae Nylandtia G

enbank

Polygalaceae Polygala myrtifolia M

WC

18613

Polygalaceae Polygala virgata Abbott9243

Polygalaceae Securidaca longepedunculata OM

3358

Portulacaceae Ceraria fruticulosa G

enbank

Portulacaceae Portulacaria afra OM

3198

Prim

ulaceae Em

belia xylocarpa OM

2653

Prim

ulaceae Maesa lanceolata O

M2020

Prim

ulaceae Myrsine africana O

M2822

Prim

ulaceae Rapanea m

elanophloeos OM

3166

Proteaceae Brabejum stellatifolium OM2257

Proteaceae Faurea galpinii OM1818

Proteaceae Faurea macnaughtonii Abbott9123

Proteaceae Faurea rochetiana OM1461

Proteaceae Faurea rubriflora OM4004

Proteaceae Faurea saligna MvdB27

Proteaceae Leucadendron arcuatum MWC28310

Proteaceae Leucadendron argenteum OM2263

Proteaceae Leucadendron brunioides OM2851

Proteaceae Leucadendron cinereum MWC28387

Proteaceae Leucadendron coniferum OM2313

Proteaceae Leucadendron corymbosum OM3142Proteaceae Leucadendron dregei DGE065−26032011

Proteaceae Leucadendron dubium MWC28311

Proteaceae Leucadendron elimense MWC28435

Proteaceae Leucadendron floridum MWC28333

Proteaceae Leucadendron foedum MWC28366

Proteaceae Leucadendron galpinii MWC25211

Proteaceae Leucadendron gandogeri CC62132

Proteaceae Leucadendron glaberrimum MWC28314

Proteaceae Leucadendron laureolum CM62030

Proteaceae Leucadendron levisanus MWC28368Proteaceae Leucadendron loranthifolium MWC28388

Proteaceae Leucadendron macowanii MWC28334

Proteaceae Leucadendron microcephalum OM2266Proteaceae Leucadendron nitidum MWC28313

Proteaceae Leucadendron pubescens MWC28389

Proteaceae Leucadendron pubibracteolatum MWC27988

Proteaceae Leucadendron remotum MWC28482

Proteaceae Leucadendron rubrum PG0063

Proteaceae Leucadendron salicifolium PG0056

Proteaceae Leucadendron salignum CM70527

Proteaceae Leucadendron spissifolium EFG7033

Proteaceae Leucadendron strobilinum MWC28010

Proteaceae Leucadendron tinctum CM7104

Proteaceae Leucadendron tradouwense MWC28484Proteaceae Leucadendron uliginosum MWC28467

Proteaceae Leucadendron verticillatum MWC28369

Proteaceae Leucadendron xanthoconus MWC26713

Proteaceae Leucospermum calligerum OM3152

Proteaceae Leucospermum conocarpodendron MWC27983

Proteaceae Leucospermum conocarpodendron viridum OM3102

Proteaceae Leucospermum cuneiforme OM2267

Proteaceae Leucospermum gerrardii MWC26648

Proteaceae Leucospermum hypophyllocarpodendron OM2860

Proteaceae Leucospermum mundii EFG70820

Proteaceae Leucospermum oleifolium OM3082A

Proteaceae Leucospermum rodolentum OM2812

Proteaceae Leucospermum saxosum Burrows12687

Proteaceae Leucospermum tomentosum JWB511

Proteaceae Mimetes arboreus Genbank

Proteaceae Mimetes fimbriifolius AM0151

Proteaceae Paranomus bracteolaris MWC28485

Proteaceae Paranomus tomentosus MWC28312

Proteaceae Protea acaulos OM3043

Proteaceae Protea acuminata PG0044

Proteaceae Protea angustata MWC25794

Proteaceae Protea aurea MWC24059

Proteaceae Protea caffra caffra Abbott9234

Proteaceae Protea canaliculata DGE158−26032011

Proteaceae Protea cordata OM3125

Proteaceae Protea coronata MWC25806

Proteaceae Protea decurrens MWC24069

Proteaceae Protea eximia EFG7081

Proteaceae Protea gaguedi Turpin471

Proteaceae Protea glabra MWC25805

Proteaceae Protea humiflora MWC24061

Proteaceae Protea laevis MWC25800

Proteaceae Protea laurifolia MWC25802

Proteaceae Protea lorifolia CM70520Proteaceae Protea mundii MWC24058

Proteaceae Protea neriifolia Genbank

Proteaceae Protea nitida MWC25791

Proteaceae Protea parvula OM3817

Proteaceae Protea petiolaris OM4013

Proteaceae Protea piscina JAS70927

Proteaceae Protea pityphylla MWC25798

Proteaceae Protea pudens MWC25797

Proteaceae Protea punctata MWC24085

Proteaceae Protea repens OM3109

Proteaceae Protea revoluta PG0057

Proteaceae Protea roupelliae roupelliae Abbott9165

Proteaceae Protea scabra MWC25796

Proteaceae Protea scabriuscula MWC25799

Proteaceae Protea scolymocephala MWC25792

Proteaceae Protea subulifolia MWC24062Proteaceae Protea welwitschii MvdB24

Putranjivaceae Drypetes arguta Abbott9149

Putranjivaceae Drypetes gerrardii OM1840

Putranjivaceae Drypetes ivorensis Genbank

Putranjivaceae Drypetes laciniata Genbank

Putranjivaceae Drypetes mossambicensis RBN175

Putranjivaceae Drypetes natalensis OM2651

Putranjivaceae Drypetes principum Genbank

Putranjivaceae Drypetes reticulata RBN270Putranjivaceae Drypetes staudtii Genbank

Putranjivaceae Sibangea similis Genbank

Ranunculaceae Clematis brachiata OM1974

Rham

naceae Berchemia discolor O

M2437

Rham

naceae Berchemia zeyheri O

M1165

Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica G

enbank

Rham

naceae Helinus integrifolius O

M2430

Rham

naceae Lasiodiscus pervillei OM

2345

Rham

naceae Maesopsis em

inii Genbank

Rhamnaceae Phylica buxifolia O

M3096

Rhamnaceae Phylica oleaefolia M

WC03273

Rhamnaceae Phylica paniculata Abbott9174

Rham

naceae Rham

nus prinoides OM

3174

Rham

naceae Scutia myrtina O

M3232

Rham

naceae Ziziphus abyssinica OM

2582

Rham

naceae Ziziphus mucronata O

M2031

Rham

naceae Ziziphus pubescens OM

2325

Rham

naceae Ziziphus rivularis OM

1380

Rham

naceae Ziziphus zeyheriana OM

3913

Rhizophorace

ae Bruguiera gymnorhiza

OM2487

Rhizophorace

ae Cass

ipourea gummiflua ve

rticilla

ta OM1882

Rhizophorace

ae Cass

ipourea malosa

na Abbott9115

Rhizophorace

ae Cass

ipourea seric

ea Genbank

Rhizophorace

ae Cerio

ps tagal G

enbank

Rhizophorace

ae Rhizo

phora mucro

nata OM2479

Rosaceae Cliffortia burchellii TEM7022

Rosaceae Cliffortia densa CM70226

Rosaceae Cliffortia ferruginea CM71022

Rosaceae Cliffortia filicaulis HKM71119

Rosaceae Cliffortia graminea OM3089

Rosaceae Cliffortia heterophylla ET62513

Rosaceae Cliffortia serpyllifolia TEM7049

Rosaceae Cliffortia stricta EFG70620

Rosaceae Cliffortia subsetacea CC62612

Rosaceae Cliffortia triloba SM73111

Rosaceae Leucosidea sericea OM MvdB48

Rosaceae Prunus africana OM1568

Rubiaceae Afrocanthium lactescens Genbank

Rubiaceae Afrocanthium mundianum Abbott9224

Rubiaceae Afrocanthium racemulosum OM2592

Rubiac

eae A

lberta

mag

na A

bbott

9117

Rubiaceae Aoranthe cla

dantha Genbank

Rubiaceae Aulaco

calyx

caudata G

enbank

Rubiaceae Aulaco

calyx

jasm

iniflora G

enbank

Rubiaceae Aulaco

calyx

talbotii G

enbank

Rubiaceae B

elonophora talbotii

Genbank

Rubiaceae B

elonophora wern

hamii Genbank

Rubiaceae Bertiera laxa Genbank

Rubiaceae Bertiera racemosa Genbank

Rubiaceae Breonadia salicina OM2571

Rubiaceae Bullockia setiflorum OM574

Rubiaceae B

urchellia

bubalina O

M3160

Rubiaceae Burttdavya nyasica OM1666

Rubiac

eae C

alyco

sipho

nia m

acro

chlam

ys G

enba

nk

Rubiaceae Canthium armatum OM1548

Rubiaceae Canthium ciliatum OM1741

Rubiaceae Canthium inerme OM1547

Rubiaceae Canthium spinosum Abbott9256

Rubiaceae Canthium suberosum Abbott9239

Rubiaceae Canthium vanwykii A

bbott9155

Rubiaceae Catunaregam obovata OM3277

Rubiaceae Catunaregam swynnertonii O

M2353

Rubiaceae Catunaregam taylorii

OM3932

Rubiaceae Cephalanthus natalensis OM1583

Rubiaceae Chazaliella abrupta OM2440

Rubiaceae C

oddia rudis

OM2687

Rubiaceae Coffea arabica Genbank

Rubiaceae Coffea ligustroides MWC16159

Rubiaceae Coffea racemosa OM2434

Rubiaceae Coffea salvatrix MWC19445

Rubiaceae Coffea zanguebariae OM3515

Rubiaceae C

optosperm

a littorale O

M3775

Rubiaceae C

optosperm

a nigrescens B

urrows1

2707

Rubiaceae C

optosperm

a rhodesia

cum C

S24

Rubiaceae C

optosperm

a supra axill

are RBN302

Rubiaceae C

optosperm

a zygoon O

M1908

Rubiaceae Craterispermum aristatum Genbank

Rubiaceae Craterispermum caudatum Genbank

Rubiaceae Craterispermum schweinfurthii OM2654

Rubiaceae C

remaspora tri

flora co

nfluens B

urrows1

2554

Rubiac

eae C

ross

opter

yx fe

brifu

ga O

M2347

Rubiaceae Cuviera trilocularis Genbank

Rubiaceae Cuviera wernhamii Genbank

Rubiaceae Ecpoma gigantistipula Genbank

Rubiaceae E

mpogona caco

ndensis B

urrows1

3364

Rubiaceae E

mpogona coria

cea O

M3281

Rubiac

eae E

mpogo

na ju

nodii

kirki

i OM16

01

Rubiac

eae E

mpogo

na la

nceo

lata M

WC24

261

Rubiaceae Eriosemopsis subanisiphylla Burro

ws12318

Rubiaceae Euclinia longiflo

ra Genbank

Rubiaceae Fadogia homblei Burrows7120

Rubiaceae Fadogia tetraquetra OM3266

Rubiaceae Fadogia triphylla Burrows6809

Rubiaceae Fadogiella rogersii Burrows9589

Rubiaceae Fadogiella stigmatoloba BB9578

Rubiaceae Gaertnera bieleri Genbank

Rubiaceae Gardenia cornuta OM2241

Rubiaceae Gardenia resiniflua OM1272

Rubiaceae Gardenia subacaulis Burrows12202

Rubiaceae Gardenia ternifolia OM2356

Rubiaceae Gardenia thunbergia OM3222

Rubiaceae Gardenia volkensii OM1966

Rubiaceae Guettarda speciosa OM2491

Rubiaceae Hallea ledermannii Genbank

Rubiac

eae H

einsia

crini

ta RBN12

9

Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon floribundum Genbank

Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon parvifolium OM1250

Rubiaceae Hyperacanthus amoenus RBN320

Rubiaceae Hyperacanthus microphyllus OM3732

Rubiaceae Ixora hippoperifera Genbank

Rubiaceae Ixora narcissodora OM2673

Rubiaceae Keetia gueinzii Abbott9160

Rubiaceae Keetia venosa OM4115

Rubiaceae K

raussia flo

ribunda O

M1180

Rubiaceae Lagynias dryadum OM896

Rubiaceae Leptacti

na benguelensis Burro

ws11158

Rubiaceae Leptacti

na delagoensis O

M1598

Rubiaceae Leptacti

na epinyctio

s Burro

ws13506

Rubiaceae Massularia

acuminata Genbank

Rubiaceae M

itriosti

gma axillare A

bbott9153

Rubiaceae Multidentia crassa crassa Burro

ws12145

Rubiaceae Mussaenda arcuata Genbank

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus g

oetzei g

oetzei B

urrows1

2714

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus l

atifoliu

s OM2344

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus l

axifloru

s Genbank

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus p

yriform

is OM2191

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus s

peciosu

s Abbott9

253

Rubiaceae O

xyanthus s

peciosu

s stenoca

rpus B

urrows1

2813

Rubiaceae Pauridiantha Genbank

Rubiaceae Pauridiantha floribunda Genbank

Rubiaceae Pauridiantha talbotii Genbank

Rubiaceae Pausinystalia johimbe Genbank

Rubiaceae Pausinystalia macroceras Genbank

Rubiaceae Pavetta bowkeri Abbott9184

Rubiaceae Pavetta cataractarum Burrows12820

Rubiaceae Pavetta catophylla OM335

Rubiaceae Pavetta edentula OM2504

Rubiaceae Pavetta eylesii K0858Rubiaceae Pavetta galpinii Abbott9251

Rubiaceae Pavetta gerstneri OM3273Rubiaceae Pavetta harborii Burrows13891

Rubiaceae Pavetta inandensis Abbott9250

Rubiaceae Pavetta lanceolata OM2234

Rubiaceae Pavetta radicans Burrows13510

Rubiaceae Pavetta refractifolia OM3516

Rubiaceae Pavetta revoluta OM2195

Rubiaceae Pavetta schumanniana OM941

Rubiaceae Pavetta staudtii Genbank

Rubiaceae Pavetta zeyheri OM1939

Rubiaceae Petiti

ocodon parvi

florum G

enbank

Rubiaceae Polys

phaeria la

nceolata O

M2647

Rubiaceae Polys

phaeria m

acrophy

lla G

enbank

Rubiaceae P

silanthus m

annii Genbank

Rubiaceae Psychotria bimbiensis GenbankRubiaceae Psychotria butayei Burrows13371

Rubiaceae Psychotria capensis OM1577

Rubiaceae Psychotria dorotheae Genbank

Rubiaceae Psychotria gabonica GenbankRubiaceae Psychotria kirkii OM3487

Rubiaceae Psychotria peduncularis OM2666

Rubiaceae Psychotria pumila Burrows11719

Rubiaceae Psychotria spithamea Burrows13404

Rubiaceae Psychotria zombamontana OM4001

Rubiaceae Psydrax locuples OM2483

Rubiaceae Psydrax micans OM2678

Rubiaceae Psydrax obovata obovata OM1756

Rubiaceae Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum Burrows12689

Rubiaceae Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri rogersii B

urrows13446

Rubiaceae Pyrostria bibracteata OM2679

Rubiaceae Pyrostria hystrix

OM1195

Rubiaceae Rothmannia ca

pensis O

M1786

Rubiaceae Rothmannia engleria

na engleriana O

M4106

Rubiaceae Rothmannia fis

cheri O

M1611

Rubiaceae Rothmannia globosa

OM1887

Rubiaceae R

othmannia hispida G

enbank

Rubiaceae Rothmannia m

anganjae OM2185

Rubiaceae R

othmannia talbotii

Genbank

Rubiaceae Rytigynia celastroides Burrows11261

Rubiaceae Rytigynia macrura Burrows11139

Rubiaceae Rytigynia orbicularis Burrows13428

Rubiaceae Rytigynia uhligii Burrows09894

Rubiaceae Rytigynia umbellulata Burrows12508

Rubiaceae Sch

umanniophyton m

agnificum G

enbank

Rubiaceae S

ericanthe andongensis

Burro

ws12149

Rubiaceae S

ericanthe su

ffrutic

osa B

urrows1

3504

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum burnettii Burro

ws12568

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum cinerascens Burrows13417

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum cinerascens laetum OM4141

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum cinerascens laevius Burrows11141

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum discolor Burro

ws13394

Rubiaceae Tapiphyllum velutinum Burro

ws12183

Rubiaceae Tarenna longipedicellata Burrows12819

Rubiaceae Tarenna pavettoides Abbott9247

Rubiaceae Triainolepis sancta OM4022

Rubiaceae Tricalysia achoundongiana Genbank

Rubiaceae Tricalysia capensis Abbott9182

Rubiaceae Tricalysia coriacea OM1842

Rubiaceae Tricalysia delagoensis MWC24252

Rubiaceae Tricalysia griseiflora barotseana Burrows13410

Rubiaceae Tricalysia jasminiflora OM2340

Rubiaceae Tricalysia pallens Genbank

Rubiaceae Vangueria bowkerii OM3841

Rubiaceae Vangueria coerulea Burrows9297

Rubiaceae Vangueria esculenta OM2435

Rubiaceae Vangueria infausta OM2409

Rubiaceae Vangueria macrocalyx Burrows11043

Rubiaceae Vangueria madagascariensis OM2018

Rubiaceae Vangueria parvifolia OM MvdB40

Rubiaceae Vangueria randii randii O

M3751

Rubiaceae Vangueria randii vollesenii OM3589

Rubiaceae Vangueria thamnus Maserumule121

Rubiaceae Vangueria venosa Burrows12325

Rubiaceae Vangueriospsis lanciflora OM1659

Rutaceae C

alodendrum capensis O

M1542

Rutaceae C

lausena anisata Abbott9249

Rutaceae C

oleonema album

juniperinum O

M3124

Rutaceae E

mpleurum

unicapsulare DG

E129 26 03 2012

Rutaceae O

ricia bachmanii O

M2168

Rutaceae O

ricia lecomteana G

enbank

Rutaceae P

taeroxylon obliquum O

M1326

Rutaceae Teclea gerrardii A

bbott9183

Rutaceae Teclea natalensis A

bbott9193

Rutaceae Toddaliopsis brem

ekampii R

BN

366R

utaceae Toddalya asiatica OM

2688

Rutaceae Vepris carringtoniana B

urrows11638

Rutaceae Vepris lanceolata O

M3224

Rutaceae Vepris reflexa O

M1299

Rutaceae Vepris soyauxii G

enbank

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

capense OM

3231

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

davyi Abbott9195

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

delagoense Burrow

s08088

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

gilletii Genbank

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

holztianum O

M2357

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

humile O

M708

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum

leprieurii RB

N131

Salicaceae Bivinia jaubertia OM2418

Salicaceae Caesaria sp Burrows12551

Salicaceae Casearia barteri Genbank

Salicaceae Casearia gladiiformis OM2323

Salicaceae Casearia sp nov Abbott9191

Salicaceae Dovyalis caffra RBN286

Salicaceae Dovyalis hispidula OM2581

Salicaceae Dovyalis longispina OM2602

Salicaceae Dovyalis lucida Abbott9221

Salicaceae Dovyalis rhamnoides Genbank

Salicaceae Dovyalis xanthocarpa OM2442

Salicaceae Flacourtia indica RL1216

Salicaceae Homalium abdessammadii OM3592

Salicaceae Homalium africanum Genbank

Salicaceae Homalium dentatum OM1420

Salicaceae Homalium letestui Genbank

Salicaceae Homalium longistylum Genbank

Salicaceae Homalium rufescens Abbott9215

Salicaceae Kiggelaria africana OM2260

Salicaceae Ludia mauritiana OM3938

Salicaceae Oncoba glauca Genbank

Salicaceae Oncoba mannii Genbank

Salicaceae Oncoba spinosa RBN322

Salicaceae Phyllobotryon spathulatum Genbank

Salicaceae Pseudoscolopia polyantha Abbott9124

Salicaceae Rawsonia lucida OM2662

Salicaceae Salix mucronata OM1198

Salicaceae Scolopia mundii OM2309

Salicaceae Scolopia stolzii OM2675

Salicaceae Scolopia zeyheri OM1781

Salicaceae Trimeria grandifolia OM1549

Salicaceae Xylotheca kraussiana OM2210

Salicaceae Xylotheca tettensis tettensis OM2370

Salvadoraceae Azima tetracantha OM1315

Salvadoraceae Salvadora australis OM1317

Salvadoraceae Salvadora persica OM824

Santalaceae O

syris compressa A

bbott9227

Santalaceae O

syris lanceolata OM

2016

Sapindaceae Allophylus africanus Abbott9141

Sapindaceae Allophylus decipiens OM

1846

Sapindaceae Allophylus dregeanus Abbott9136

Sapindaceae Allophylus megaphyllus G

enbank

Sapindaceae Allophylus natalensis OM

2224

Sapindaceae Allophylus rubifolius OM

2348

Sapindaceae Atalaya alata Genbank

Sapindaceae Atalaya natalensis Abbott9212

Sapindaceae Blighia unijugata OM

1856

Sapindaceae Chytranthus talbotii Genbank

Sapindaceae Deinbollia borbonica O

M3588

Sapindaceae Deinbollia m

axima G

enbank

Sapindaceae Deinbollia oblongifolia R

L1351

Sapindaceae Deinbollia pycnophylla G

enbank

Sapindaceae Deinbollia xanthocarpa O

M2067

Sapindaceae Dodonaea angustifolia OM

2129

Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa Abbott9229

Sapindaceae Erythrophysa alata MW

C02870

Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens G

enbank

Sapindaceae Glenniea africana O

M1857

Sapindaceae Haplocoelum

gallaense OM

1849

Sapindaceae Hippobromus pauciflorus O

M1996

Sapindaceae Laccodiscus ferrugineus Genbank

Sapindaceae Lecanodiscus fraxinifolius OM

2365

Sapindaceae Lepisanthes senegalensis Genbank

Sapindaceae Macphersonia gracilis G

enbank

Sapindaceae Pancovia golungensis OM

2208

Sapindaceae Pappea capensis OM

230

Sapindaceae Placodiscus sp. Genbank

Sapindaceae Smelophyllum

capense Genbank

Sapindaceae Stadmannia oppositifolia O

M863

Sapindaceae Zanha africana OM

4121

Sapindaceae Zanha golungensis OM

3943

Sapotaceae C

hrysophyllum subnudum

Genbank

Sapotaceae C

hrysophyllum viridifolium

OM

2668S

apotaceae Englerophytum

magalism

ontanum M

vdB18

Sapotaceae E

nglerophytum natalense O

M1544

Sapotaceae Inham

banella henriquesii OM

2760S

apotaceae Lecomtedoxa klaineana G

enbank

Sapotaceae M

anilkara concolor OM

989

Sapotaceae M

anilkara discolor OM

2642

Sapotaceae M

anilkara mochisia O

M1392

Sapotaceae M

anilkara nicholsonii Abbott9202

Sapotaceae M

imusops caffra O

M2472

Sapotaceae M

imusops obovata O

M1554

Sapotaceae M

imusops obtusifolia O

M2627

Sapotaceae M

imusops zeyheri R

BN

248

Sapotaceae P

outeria Genbank

Sapotaceae S

ideroxylon inerme O

M266

Sapotaceae S

ynsepalum brevipes O

M2694

Sapotaceae S

ynsepalum passargei O

M1879

Sapotaceae S

ynsepalum stipulatum

Genbank

Sapotaceae V

itellariopsis dispar OM

2178

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Ana

stra

be in

tege

rrim

a O

M21

97

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Bow

keria

cym

osa

OM

2026

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Bow

keria

ver

ticill

ata

OM

Mvd

B72

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Bud

dlej

a dy

soph

ylla

OM

2296

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Bud

dlej

a sa

ligna

OM

1783

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Bud

dlej

a sa

lviif

olia

OM

1780

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Fre

ylin

ia la

nceo

lata

OM

2306

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Hal

leria

luci

da O

M22

69

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Nux

ia c

onge

sta

OM

Mvd

B52

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Nux

ia fl

orib

unda

OM

2025

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

Nux

ia o

ppos

ifolia

OM

2648

Sim

aroubaceae Quassia undulata B

urrows13436

Siparunaceae Glossocalyx brevipes Genbank

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um a

frum

BS

0140

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um c

iner

eum

Gen

bank

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um fe

roci

ssim

um O

M29

93

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um o

xyca

rpum

OM

2936

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um s

chiz

ocal

yx G

enba

nk

Sol

anac

eae

Lyci

um v

illos

um G

enba

nk

Sol

anac

eae

Nic

otia

na a

fric

ana

Gen

bank

Sol

anac

eae

Sol

anum

acu

leas

trum

OM

2755

Sol

anac

eae

Sol

anum

cat

ombe

lens

e O

M93

4

Sol

anac

eae

Sol

anum

gig

ante

um A

bbot

t914

2

Sol

anac

eae

Sol

anum

lich

enst

eini

i OM

1904

Sol

anac

eae

Sol

anum

pan

durif

orm

e O

M32

6

Stangeriaceae Stangeria eriopus PR706

Ste

mon

urac

eae

Lasi

anth

era

afric

ana

Gen

bank

Strelitziaceae Strelitzia alba Genbank

Strelitziaceae Strelitzia nicolai OM1678

Surianaceae Suriana maritim

a Burrows12887

Tamaricaceae Tam

arix usneoides MW

C28701

Thymelaeaceae Dais cotinifolia OM1708

Thymelaeaceae Englerodaphne ovalifolia Abbott9108

Thymelaeaceae Englerodaphne pilosa OM1893

Thymelaeaceae Passerina corymbosa OM3106

Thymelaeaceae Passerina drakensbergensis Bredenkamp1020

Thymelaeaceae Passerina falcifolia Bredenkamp915

Thymelaeaceae Passerina filiformis Abbott9175

Thymelaeaceae Passerina montana OM3400

Thymelaeaceae Passerina montivaga vanWyk2586

Thymelaeaceae Passerina rigida OM1753

Thymelaeaceae Peddiea africana OM2469

Thymelaeaceae Peddiea fischeri Burrows13493

Thymelaeaceae Synaptolepis oliveriana OM3691

Thymelaeaceae Synatolepis alternifolia OM2747

Ulmaceae Celtis africana O

M1225

Ulmaceae Celtis gom

phophylla Abbott9159

Ulmaceae Celtis m

ildbraedii OM

1567

Ulmaceae Celtis philippensis Burrows12722

Ulmaceae Chaetachm

e aristata OM

1530

Ulmaceae Trem

a orientalis OM

2500

Urticaceae Musanga cecropioides G

enbank

Urticaceae Myrianthus holstii O

M4012

Urticaceae Obetia tenax O

M567

Urticaceae Pouzolzia mixta O

M1417

Urticaceae Urera trinervis Abbott9169

Velloziaceae Xerophyta retinervis OM1591

Verb

enac

eae

Lant

ana

rugo

sa O

M45

9

Verb

enac

eae

Lipp

ia ja

vani

ca R

BN

348

Violaceae Rinorea angustifolia Abbott9152

Violaceae Rinorea cauliflora Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea cf. Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea crassifolia Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea dentata Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea domatiosa Abbott9186

Violaceae Rinorea elliptica OM2333

Violaceae Rinorea gabunensis Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea ilicifolia Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea kamerunensis Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea leiophylla Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea lepidobotrys Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea oblongifolia Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea subintegrifolia Genbank

Violaceae Rinorea thomasii Genbank

Vitaceae Cissus cactiformis OM1316

Vitaceae Cissus cornifolia OM2542

Vitaceae Cissus integrifolia OM2397

Vitaceae Rhoicissus digitata Abbott9200

Vitaceae Rhoicissus revoilii OM2657

Vitaceae Rhoicissus rhomboidea Abbott9181

Vitaceae Rhoicissus sessilifolia Abbott9206

Vitaceae Rhoicissus tomentosus OM1546

Vitaceae Rhoicissus tridentata OM452

Vochysiaceae Erismadelphus exsul Genbank

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe africana OM3190

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe angelica OM2960

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe arborescens Abbott9167

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe barberae Abbott9219Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe castanea OM2961

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe comosa BHD385

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe dichotoma OM2953

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe excelsa OM1621

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe ferox Abbott9235

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe marlothii OM1490

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe pillansii BHD390

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe plicatilis BHD193

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe pluridens Abbott9217

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe ramosissima OM2954

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe speciosa BHD394

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe spicata OM1522Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe thraskii BHD411

Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe tongaensis OM3941

Zamiaceae Encephalartos aemulans PR861

Zamiaceae Encephalartos altensteinii PR668

Zamiaceae Encephalartos arenarius PR854Zamiaceae Encephalartos brevifoliolatus Xdk2

Zamiaceae Encephalartos chimanimaniensis PR888

Zamiaceae Encephalartos concinnus PR890

Zamiaceae Encephalartos cupidus PR691Zamiaceae Encephalartos dolomiticus PR865

Zamiaceae Encephalartos dyerianus PR731

Zamiaceae Encephalartos eugen maraisii PR872

Zamiaceae Encephalartos ferox PR844

Zamiaceae Encephalartos friderici guilielmi PR853

Zamiaceae Encephalartos ghellinckii PR773

Zamiaceae Encephalartos heenanii PR775

Zamiaceae Encephalartos hirsutus PR718

Zamiaceae Encephalartos inopinus PR864

Zamiaceae Encephalartos laevifolius PR845Zamiaceae Encephalartos lanatus PR828

Zamiaceae Encephalartos latifrons PR811

Zamiaceae Encephalartos lebomboensis PR831

Zamiaceae Encephalartos lehmanii PR780

Zamiaceae Encephalartos longifolius PR873

Zamiaceae Encephalartos manikensis PR903Zamiaceae Encephalartos middelburgensis PR726

Zamiaceae Encephalartos msinganus PR701

Zamiaceae Encephalartos natalensis PR802

Zamiaceae Encephalartos nubimontanus PR704

Zamiaceae Encephalartos paucidentatus PR849Zamiaceae Encephalartos princeps PR871

Zamiaceae Encephalartos relictus PR732

Zamiaceae Encephalartos senticosus PR833

Zamiaceae Encephalartos transvenosus PR832Zamiaceae Encephalartos villosus PR838Zamiaceae Encephalartos woodii PR875

Zygophyllaceae Balanites aegyptica OM3548

Zygophyllaceae Balanites maughamii OM994

Zygophyllaceae Balanites pedicillaris OM901

FALSE

TRUE