saudi arabia and the 1948 palestine war: beyond official history
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
1/29
Tmqcg Mrmogm mnc sea =735 Ymbatsgna Xmr: Oawknc
Kffgdgmb Egtskrw
ow Yrkf. Lmcmxg Mb,_mteaac
%M tekrsar vartgkn kf segt mrsgdba dmn oa fkqnc gn Aqhana _khmn mnc Mvg
Tebmgl %act.' Sea Xmr fkr Ymbatsgna: _axrgsgnh sea Egtskrw kf =735 Xmr.
?nc acgsgkn Dmlorgcha: Dmlorgcha Qngvartgsw Yratt ?998'
Nkn,Tmqcgt gngsgmbbw xrksa sea lkcarn egtskrw kf Tmqcg Mrmogm. Mbsekqhe
derkngdbat" yrgvmsa ymyart" mnc yrglmrw tkqrdat augtsac gntgca mnc kqstgca
sea dkqnsrw" qnsgb varw radansbw Xatsarn mnc Mrmo egtskrgmnt yrkcqdaclkcarn Tmqcg egtskrgkhrmyew. Tmqcg Mrmogm xmt kna kf sea bmsats
dkqnsrgat sk atsmobgte lkcarn egtskrw caymrslanst mnc ratamrde dansrat. Gsxmt knbw gn sea =769t sems sea lkcarn Tmqcg egtskrgmn alarhac mfsar sea
yrkfattgkn xmt cklgnmsac ow qbmlm xek ybmwac sea ckqoba rkba kf
rabghgkqt tdekbmr mnc derkngdbar. Qy sk sea =769t" sea ymts xmt seakbkhgdmb
rmsear semn egtskrgdmb" m rafbadsgkn kf sea yracklgnmnda kf egtskrgdmbnmrrmsgvat yrkymhmsac ow rabghgkqt tdekbmrt.
Gs xmt knbw mfsar sea fgrts kgb okkl kf sea =789t sems sea Tmqcg hkvarnlans
sqrnac gst mssansgkn sk twtsalmsgdmbbw yrkcqdgnh sea hrams egtskrgdmbnmrrmsgva sems lkts Mrmo rahglat emc mbramcw yrkcqdac mnc yrkymhmsac sk
dkntkbgcmsa sea nmtdans nmsgkn tsmsat sems alarhac gn sea ykts Xkrbc Xmr
GG arm. Qnbg`a gn ksear Mrmo dkqnsrgat" mnc xgse sea audaysgkn kf kna krsxk Tmqcg egtskrgmnt" lkcarn Tmqcg egtskrgdmb ratamrde dansrat rabgac kn
Mrmo tdekbmrt" xek xara agsear tadkncac frkl seagr kxn mdmcalgd
gntsgsqsgknt kr emc tassbac gn sea dkqnsrw. Avan sean" mnc oadmqta kf
targkqt eqlmn ratkqrda tekrsmha" Tmqcg tdekkb mnc qngvartgsw egtskrw saus
okk`t" mnc avan sea rabghgkqt dqrrgdqbql" xara kfsan xrgssan ow Mrmot"
lmgnbw Bavmnsgna mnc Ahwysgmnt xek xara ansrqtsac xgse sea smt` kfnmrrmsgnh Tmqcg Mrmogm.
Sea nmrrmsgkn xmt lamns sk atsmobgte mnc anfkrda sxk glykrsmns tsmsabahgsglmdw nmrrmsgvat" kna rafbadsac sea naac sk bahgsglmsa sea tsmsa
gnsarnmbbw" sea ksear rafbadsac sea naac sk bahgsglmsa sea tsmsa ausarnmbbw gn
sea Mrmo mnc Gtbmlgd dknsaust.
Sea atsmobgtelans kf @gnh Mocqbmzgz Fkqncmsgkn fkr _atamrde mnc
Mrdegvat gn _gwmce %`nkxn mt mb,Cmrm' gn=78? lmr`ac sea oahgnngnh kf
gntsgsqsgknmbgtac kffgdgmb egtskrgkhrmyew" mfsar m bknh yargkc kf bmgttar,fmgra
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
2/29
myyrkmde sk nmrrmsgnh sea ymts. Sea rkba kf segt ratamrde dansra gn temygnh
egtskrgdmb glmhgnmsgkn oadmla ymrmlkqns. Gn sea =759t mn mlogsgkqt
hkvarnlans tdeala lmsargmbgtac gn tancgnh ms bamts segrsw Tmqcg tsqcanst
sk vmrgkqt Mlargdmn qngvartgsgat sk xrgsa YeC cgttarsmsgknt kn Mb,Tmqc
mnc Lqemllmc gon Moc mb,Xmeemo" seqt atsmobgtegnh lkcarn Tmqcgegtskrgkhrmyew. Sea rkba kf tqde tsqcanst mnc sems kf mb,Cmrm ramdeac m
dbglmu xgse sea =777 dansanngmb dabaormsgknt sems dkgndgcac xgse sea
yqobgdmsgkn kf eqncract kf egtskrw okk`t" fkraghn lalkgrt" srmntbmsgkn kf
fkraghn satsglkngat" mnc kffgdgmb bassart mnc tarlknt ow @gnh Mocqbmzgz
gon Tmqc %=586,=714' earamfsar Gon Tmqc" mbb lmr`gnh kna eqncrac wamr
kf cavabkylans" yrktyargsw mnc ykbgsgdmb xgtckl.g Sea yqobgdmsgkn kf
tabadsac ckdqlanst mnc bassart frkl vmrgkqt mrdegvmb tkqrdat lmr`ac seaoahgnngnh kf ckdqlansgnh Tmqcg egtskrw frkl mn kffgdgmb ykgns kf vgax.gg
Sk atsmobgte sea gnsarnmb bahgsglmdw kf sea =74? tsmsa" egtskrw xmt
dkntsrqdsac mt m yrkjads kf smxegc" seqt dknsgnqgnh sea srmcgsgkn kf seaseakbkhgdmb egtskrw sems cklgnmsac amrbw rabghgkqt tdekbmrt myyrkmdeat sk
sea ymts. Gn Mrmogd smxegc gt okse lknkseagtl mnc qngfgdmsgkn" gn sea
ykbgsgdmb mnc hakhrmyegdmb tanta. Mddkrcgnh sk tsmsa nmrrmsgvat" sea yrkjadskf yqrgfwgnh Mrmogm frkl `qfr" obmtyealw mnc ogcm" gnnkvmsgkn" qncar sea
omnnar kf Jgemc mhmgnts m obmtyealkqt ykyqbmsgkn ratqbsac gn sea ykbgsgdmbqngfgdmsgkn kf sea dkqnsrw" semn`t sk sea affkrst kf Gon Tmqc.
Sekta xek nmrrmsac Tmqcg Mrmogm" gngsgmbbw Mrmot mnc bmsar Tmqcgt xaraa}qmbbw dkndarnac xgse bahgsglmsgnh sea tsmsa ausarnmbbw mlknh Mrmot mnc
Lqtbglt xek xara tqtygdgkqt kf Tmqcg dknsrkb kvar sea ekbgats kf mbb
ybmdat" Laddm. Nkx gn dknsrkb kf sea sxk ekbgats Gtbmlgd tgsat" Gon Tmqc"
xmt dkntsrqdsac mt sea ygkqt Lqtbgl,Mrmo bamcar xek mtygrac sk cafancsea tmndsgsw kf sea segrc Gtbmlgd tmndsqmrw" mb,]qct mb,Temrgf.
Sea ]qats fkr Bahgsglmdw Morkmc
Gs taalt sems gn sea =749t mnc amrbw =739t" Gon Tmqc myyamrac sk oagtkbmsac okse gcakbkhgdmbbw mnc ykbgsgdmbbw gn sea xgcar dknsaus kf sea Mrmo
xkrbc. Egt tsmsa rabghgkn Xmeemogwwm xmt yrkjadsac ow kqstgcart mt mfmnmsgdmb tads sems yrklgtat sk seramsan tsmogbgsw gn nagheokqrgnh dkqnsrgat"
atyadgmbbw Grm}" Srmntjkrcmn mnc Hqbf tsmsat xeara Orgsgte gnfbqanda xmt
ymrmlkqns. Sea tqyyrattac G`exmn raoabbgkn kf =7?8 cgc lqde sk
qncarlgna sea dracgogbgsw kf sea Tmqcg rambl nks knbw gn sea awat kf
nagheokqrgnh Mrmot oqs mbtk Orgsgte kffgdgmbt. Gn m ravambgnhLalkrmncql" Tgr Mncrax _wmn xrksa gn Jqbw =74?"
Seara mra Pnkx\ faxar gnsarnmb tghnt kf cgtdknsans xgse sea Tmqcg rahglasemn seara xara gn =74=. Gs dmnnks oa dmbbac ykyqbmr" oqs tkla ms bamts kf
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
3/29
sea srgoat mra skk ork`an sk segn` kf ratgtsmnda" sea skxntlan taal lkra
ratghnac" mnc tkla kf seal emva mn gndramtgnh gnsaratst gn sea tsmogbgsw kf
sea yratans rahgla.ggg
Sea tqddattfqb tqyyrattgkn kf gnsarnmb srgomb cgttans xgsegn sea Tmqcgrambl fmgbac sk oram` sea gtkbmsgkn kf sea Tmqcg bamcartegy" nkx gn dknsrkb
kf sea sxk ekbgats tergnat gn Gtbml. Tgr _wmn ykgnsac kqs sems ow =74? segt
gtkbmsgkn xmt batt yrknkqndac semn gs xmt mt Gon Tmqc emt bamrnac sk
dknsrkb egt emsrac" gf nks egt tqtygdgkn" kf sea Emtealgsat. Dmrafqbbwnqrsqrac twlymsew xgse egl taalt sk mokqnc gn Ymbatsgna mnc Twrgm.gv
Gs gt gn segt tyadgfgd dknsaus sems Ymbatsgna mnc sea qyeamvmb kf =735oadmla ymrs mnc ymrdab kf nmrrmsgnh Tmqcg Mrmogm. Segt demysar auybkratsea kffgdgmb Tmqcg nmrrmsgva sems eghebghest dknsrgoqsgkn sk cafancgnh
Ymbatsgna" sean gs dkntgcart sea cgttansgnh vkgdat xek dembbanhac seamqseansgdgsw mnc sea dracgogbgsw kf segt kffgdgmb nmrrmsgva. Fgnmbbw" ow
nmvghmsgnh m segn bgna sems taymrmsat sea kffgdgmb frkl sea qnkffgdgmb" seademysar mglt sk yratans mn gnsaryrasmsgkn mnc mttattlans kf Tmqcg
gnvkbvalans mnc rkba gn sea =735 Ymbatsgna Xmr sems hkat oawknc sea
kffgdgmb cgtdkqrta kf hbkrgfgdmsgkn mnc sea dkqnsar nmrrmsgvat kfdkncalnmsgkn mnc sramtkn.
Egtskrw Frkl Mokva: Nmrrmsgnh sea Xmr gn Ymbatsgna
Gs gt skk tglybgtsgd sk dbmgl sems sea Mrmo gnsabbghanstgm sems nmrrmsac sea
Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt kf =735 %fkr Tmqcgt mnc ksear Mrmot' frkl sea ykgns kf
vgax kf kffgdgmb Tmqcg Mrmogm xmt dk,kysac mnc raxmrcac fkr tqde mn
gcakbkhgdmb yrkjads" tk glykrsmns sk bahgsglmsa sea Tmqcg tsmsa gn sea xgcar
Mrmo,Gtbmlgd dknsaus. Nmrrmskrt xara nks tglybw mdsgnh kn,oaembf kf sea
Tmqcg yrkjads. Gn xrgsgnh Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn Ymbatsgna" seaw xara
mqsknklkqt mhandgat" xekta nmrrmsgva lqts oa taan gn sea dknsaus kf sea
Mrmo lgc dansqrw cgvgca oasxaan sea Emtealgsa %gn Smntjkrcmn mnc Grm}'
kn kna tgca mnc sea Mb,Tmqc %xgse Ahwys mnc Twrgm' kn sea ksear. Gs gtsearafkra nk tqryrgta sems Twrgmnt mnc Ahwysgmnt xara mdsgva ymrsgdgymnst
gn sea nmrrmsgkn kf sea tskrw kn oaembf kf Tmqcgt xek tsgbb emc m bknh xmwsk hk oafkra seaw xara moba sk atsmobgte seagr kxn nmrrmsgvat mokqs
tqyykrsgnh sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta. Gs gt mbtk nk tqryrgta sems sekta xek
dembbanhac sea kffgdgmb Tmqcg nmrrmsgva xara gngsgmbbw yrk,Emtealgsat mncbmsar ravkbqsgknmrw Ymbatsgngmnt mnc Ahwysgmnt.
Gn Tmqcg nmrrmsgvat" sea rkba kf Tmqcg Mrmogm gn hanarmb mnc Gon Tmqc gn
ymrsgdqbmr gt ymrmlkqns. Gon Tmqc gt yrkjadsac mt mn Mrmo mnc Lqtbgl
bamcar xek ratgtsac sea dramsgkn kf sea Zgkngts tsmsa" dklybmgnac mokqs
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
4/29
Jaxgte lghrmsgkn mnc kojadsac sk sea ymrsgsgkn kf Ymbatsgna. Gn batt semnembf m ymha" tadkncmrw tdekkb Tmqcg egtskrw sausokk` ragsarmsat sems
Sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta gt sea yrglmrw dmqta kf Mrmot mnc Lqtbglt.
Orgsmgn mbbkxac sea Zgkngtst sk atsmobgte m tsrknh ekbc gn Ymbatsgna.Dknta}qansbw Ymbatsgngmnt cafancac seagr rghest mnc seaw xara tqyykrsac
ow ksear Mrmot" sea fgrts mlknhts seal xmt @gnh Mocqbmzgz" xek hmva
seal lkrmb mnc lmsargmb tqyykrs. Ea qtac mbb egt affkrst sk dknvgnda sea
Orgsgte mnc QT bamcartegyt sk ck jqtsgda fkr Ymbatsgngmnt. Ea cafancac
seal gn sea Qngsac Nmsgknt. Xean Orgsmgn xgsecrax frkl Ymbatsgna gn
=735" Mrmo mrlgat lkvac sk Ymbatsgna" mlknhts seal xmt qngst frkl sea
Tmqcg mrlw.v
Mt auyadsac" sea kffgdgmb egtskrgdmb nmrrmsgva ralmgnt tgbans kn sea gnsglmsa
rabmsgkntegy kf frganctegy nqrsqrac ow Gon Tmqc xgse Orgsmgn cqrgnh sea=749t mnc =739 mnc ekx segt rabmsgkntegy yravansac Gon Tmqc frkl sm`gnh
lkra mdsgva yktgsgkn gn cambgnh xgse sea Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt. Sea kffgdgmbegtskrgdmb nmrrmsgva kvarbkk`t sea qncarcavabkyac Tmqcg lgbgsmrw
dmymogbgsgat gn =738,=735" xegde lqts oa dkntgcarac gn mnw avmbqmsgkn kf
Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn sea xmr. Mbtk sea kffgdgmb nmrrmsgva ralmgnt tgbans kn
sea rgvmbrw oasxaan Gon Tmqc mnc sea Emtealgsat" xekta calgta gn sea
Egjmz cgc nks anc sea anlgsw mnc lgtsrqts oasxaan sea Ekqta kf Tmqc mnc
sea Ekqta kf Emteal. Gn fmds segt anlgsw" lkra semn mnw ksear fmdskr"
temyac sea xmw sea Tmqcg bamcartegy cambs xgse nks knbw sea Ymbatsgngmndrgtgt oqs mbtk sea lknmrdet kf Grm} mnc Srmntjkrcmn.
Gs gt glykrsmns sk aumlgna tabadsac tyaadeat" bassart" sabahrmlt mnc
lalkrmncql sems xara mbb gngsgmsac ow sea Tmqcg bamcartegy mnc yratansac
mnc yqobgteac ow kffgdgmb Tmqcg ratamrde dansrat. Tqde yqobgdmsgknt rafbads
sea Tmqcg bamcartegyt }qats sk atsmobgte gst bahgsglmdw mt m tsmsa mnc
bamcartegy gn m xgcar Mrmo mnc Lqtbgl dknsaus. Xean dklybglansac ow
fkraghn mrdegvat" lmgnbw Orgsgte tkqrdat" mnc ksear nkn,kffgdgmb Tmqcg mnc
Mrmo nmrrmsgvat" G ekya sk teac bghes kn sea Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn sea =735Ymbatsgna Xmr.
Gon Tmqc kn Ymbatsgna: Sea ]qats fkr Bahgsglmdw =74?,=747
Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg` Mocqbmzgz gt m tabadsgkn kf tyaadeat ow sea `gnhcabgvarac kvar tavarmb cadmcat.vg Sea Ymbatsgngmn }qatsgkn gt cambs xgse gn
sea bmts tadsgkn kf segt dkbbadsgkn gn xegde lkra semn =9 tyaadeat ow @gnh
Gon Tmqc kn Ymbatsgna mra gndbqcac. Kna tas kf tyaadeat mccrattat
Ymbatsgngmnt" fkr aumlyba sea eamc kf mb,Lmjbgt mb,Gtbmlg mb,Mbm gn
Jarqtmbal" Emj Mlgn mb,Eqtagng0 m tadknc tas kf tyaadeat mccrattat seaOrgsgte hkvarnlans mnc ratyknct sk gst calmnct mnc kddmtgknmb
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
5/29
mddqtmsgknt" mnc m segrc tas kf bassart mccrattat Mlargdmn yratgcanst
_kktavabs mnc Srqlmn. Sea tyaadeat mra lamns sk ckdqlans sea targkqt
affkrst kf sea @gnh kn seraa frknst. Sea tyaadeat tql qy sea kffgdgmb Tmqcg
yktgsgkn kn sea Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt. Naacbatt sk alyemtgta sems sea
tyaadeat mra tabadsac frkl m xgcar dkrratykncanda sems xa dmn mddattknbw gn fkraghn mrdegvat. Xems gt lmca mvmgbmoba sk sea hanarmb Mrmo
yqobgd serkqhe tqde Tmqcg yqobgdmsgknt gt kovgkqtbw m tabadsgkn kf bassart
sems rafbads sea tk,dmbbac dkndarn kf sea `gnh xgse Mrmo mnc Lqtbgldmqtat. Sea @gnht bassart sk Orgsmgn mnc egt casarlgnmsgkn sk qta mbb egt
affkrst gn krcar sk lmgnsmgn egt frganctegy xgse Orgsmgn" avan ms sea
auyanta kf sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta" ralmgn motans gn kffgdgmb Tmqcgyqobgdmsgknt.
Kna kf sea fgrts dkrratykncanda oasxaan Gon Tmqc mnc Emj Mlgn mb,Eqtagng ckat nks rafbads hrams anseqtgmtl kn oaembf kf sea fkrlar gn
tqyykrs kf sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta. Gon Tmqc mykbkhgtat sk mb,Eqtagng fkr nks
tancgnh m rayratansmsgva sk sea laasgnh eabc gn Jarqtmbal kn ?8 _mjmo
=419E. Gon Tmqc dbmglt sems sea bassar sk ymrsgdgymsa gn segt laasgnhmrrgvac bmsa gn _gwmce. Ea" ekxavar" gt mxmra kf sea cgffgdqbsgat fmdac ow
sea yakyba gn Ymbatsgna mnc xgteat seal tqddatt mnc yrkhratt G ml
tqra wkq `nkx lw hkkc gnsansgknt mnc ekx G mbxmwt fkbbkx wkqr naxt.
Xa mcvgta wkq nkx tk sems sekta lqhergcgn ck nks hgva sea analgat mn
kyykrsqngsw sk xgn mnc tqddaac.vgg Sea rafaranda sk lqhergcgn gt
ausralabw gnsaratsgnh. Gon Tmqc xmt tancgnh m xmrngnh sk mb,Eqtagngrahmrcgnh sea gnsansgknt kf ksear Mrmot" mn glybgdgs rafaranda sk MlgrMocqbbme kf Srmntjkrcmn. Segt xmt mn amrbw xmrngnh tghnmb sems xkqbc tas
sea tdana fkr bmsar Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn sea Ymbatsgngmn yrkobal. Sea
Tmqcg yktgsgkn xmt frkl sea varw oahgnngnh casarlgnac ow sea anlgsw
oasxaan sea ekqta kf sea Emteal mnc sea ekqta kf Tmqc" mn anlgsw sems
bafs gst lmr`t nks knbw kn cgybklmsgd dkrratykncanda xgse Orgsmgn oqs mbtk
kn sea dkqrta kf lgbgsmrw tsrmsahw sems xmt sm`an ow Tmqcg Mrmogm" gstmbbgmnda xgse @gnh Fmrq` kf Ahwys mnc Teq`rg ]qxmsbg kf Twrgm.
Mt sea tgsqmsgkn gn Ymbatsgna casargkrmsac gn =746"vggg Gon Tmqc tanstavarmb bassart sk sea Orgsgte Fkraghn Kffgda serkqhe sea Jaccme dkntqbmsa.
Kn 8 Lmw =746 sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans gttqac mn amrbw xmrngnh sk Gon
Tmqc" sea Mrmo mhgsmsgkn gn Ymbatsgna gt cgradsac mhmgnts sea ykbgdw kf egtLmjatswt Hkvarnlans" mnc fkr Gon Tmqc sk cadbmra egt twlymsew sk gs
xkqbc oa sk cadbmra egltabf kn sea tgca kf sekta ektsgba sk Orgsgte ykbgdw gn
m dkqnsrw qncar Orgsgte mclgngtsrmsgkn. Segt xkqbc oa gndklymsgoba xgse
egt yrkfattgknt kf frgancbw tansglanstEgt Lmjatswt Hkvarnlans
mraansgsbac sk auyads egl sk rafrmgn frkl andkqrmhgnh sekta xek mralm`gnh cgffgdqbsgat fkr seal.gu
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
6/29
Gn mbb Gon Tmqct dkrratykncanda" tavarmb gttqat xara mbxmwt rmgtac. Fgrts"
dkndarn kvar nks alyemtgtgnh ankqhe egt bkwmbsw sk Orgsmgn" rahmrcac mt mfrganc kf sea Mrmot. Amrbw gn sea =749t" gs xmt raykrsac sems Gon Tmqc
tkqhes m rmyyrkmdelans xgse Egt Lmjatswt Hkvarnlans. Ea xmt
kotattac ow tqtygdgkn kf sea Emtealgsa rqbart mnc kna kf egt kojadst xmtsea glykttgoba kna kf kqtsgnh seal frkl sea yktgsgkn kf tyadgmb fmvkqr
mddkrcac sk seal ow egt Lmjatswt HkvarnlansEkxavar" Gon Tmqc tsgbb
taat gn egt lmjatswt Hkvarnlans sea lkts glykrsmns fkraghn fmdskr gn sea
xkrbc mokqs egl mnc mhmgn ea taa`t m rmyyrkmdelans gn m tygrgs kf
mnugkqt lgthgvgnh.u Xegba sea Orgsgte mqsekrgsgat xara mxmra kf sea
dkrratykncanda kf Emj Mlgn mb,Eqtagng xgse Gon Tmqc" seaw xararahqbmrbw mttqrac sems nk mdsgkn xgbb oa sm`an. Wqtgf Wmtgn" mn Mrmofqndsgknmrw gn demrha kf Gon Tmqct fkraghn mffmgrt skbc sea Orgsgte
mqsekrgsgat
Wqtgf Wmtgn tyk`a kf `gnht catgra nks sk ck mnwsegnh xegde xkqbc dbmte
xgse sea ykbgdw kf Egt Lmjatswt Hkvarnlans oqs ea mbtk tyk`a kf sea
glykrsmnda sk sea `gnh kf lmgnsmgngnh egt yratsgha gn sea Mrmo xkrbc. Ea
rafarrac sk sea hanarmb Mrmo faabgnhkf xegde mddkqns lqts oa
sm`an.ug
Sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans xmt mttqrac sems Gon Tmqc xkqbc nks anhmha gn
mnw ykbgdw sems dknsrmcgdst sea yrkfattac tsmsalanst kf bkwmbsw oqs gs xmt
lmca dbamr sk Wqtgf Wmtgn sems sea `gnh tekqbc nks andkqrmha ekyat semsea lghes Pqncarbgnac gn sea krghgnmb\ gnsarfara avansqmbbw. Wqtgf Wmtgntqhhatsac sems Gon Tmqct raybw sk Mlgn mb,Eqtagng lghes sm`a sea fkrlkf hanarmb auyrattgkn kf hkkc xgteat.ugg
Gn =748" Gon Tmqc xrksa sk Orgsmgn xa ck nks naac sk mttqra sea Orgsgtehkvarnlans sems gs ralmgnt kqr frganckqr srmcgsgknmb ykbgdw sems xa
emva fkbbkxac mbbkxt qt sk audemnha kygngknt xgse Orgsmgn. Xa Mrmot
taa` yamda xgse Orgsmgn. Sekta xek emva nks fkbbkxac segt rqba mra sea
Mrmot kf Ymbatsgna Pm rafaranda sk sea rgkst kf =746\.uggg Gn krcar skyrkva ekx segt frganctegy gt deargteac Gon Tmqc yrklgtac Orgsmgn sems ea
xgbb mcvgta sea yakyba kf Ymbatsgna sk ralmgn yamdafqb mnc anhmha gn
cgtdqttgkn xgse Orgsmgn.ugv
Gn =745 ea rayamsac egt ybachat sk ralmgn bkwmb sk Orgsmgn mnc cgtlgttacrqlkqrt" sems Orgsmgn radagvac mbbahacbw frkl Twrgm mnc Grm}. Orgsgte
kffgdgmbt gn Jaccme dknfrknsac Gon Tmqc xgse naxt sems yakyba gn sea
nkrsearn skxn kf mb,Jmqf emc hmsearac mnc tlqhhbac xamyknt sk searaoabt gn Ymbatsgna. Gon Tmqc cgtlgttac seata rqlkqrt" sea dbmgl sems
frkl kqr tmnc" lgbgsmrw a}qgylans xmt tans sk sea raoabt gn
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
7/29
Ymbatsgnaseata mra rqlkqrt xekta yqrykta gt sk tykgb kqr frganctegy.
Ekxavar" G ml m bgmr gf G tmw sk wkq sems seara gt m ogs gn lw okcw sems ckat
nks xmns la sk fghes sea Jaxt oqs Orgsmgn gt sea qbsglmsa jqcha gn Ymbatsgna
mnc gs gt gn sea gnsaratst kf sea Mrmot sk ralmgn bkwmb sk Orgsmgn. Xa lqts
dknfatt sems xa radagvac lmnw ra}qatst sk eaby xgse sea ravkbqsgkn gnYmbatsgna oqs Hkc xgbbgnh xa xgbb navar ck mnwsegnh sems qncarlgnat kqr
yrklgtat sk OrgsmgnAvan gf mbb Mrmot qngsa seaw xgbb navar oa moba sk
cafams Orgsmgn. Gf segt gt sea dmta" ekx dkqbc xa yrkvgca sea raoabt xgse
lgbgsmrw mttgtsmnda xegde xgbb navar demnha segt rambgsw;uv Gon Tmqc
cgtlgttac mbbahmsgknt sems ea mttgtsac Ymbatsgngmn raoabt kn sea hrkqnc sems
seata xara rqlkqrt yrkymhmsac ow yakyba xek xara tmego emxm %emvakygngkn' kr emc hemrmce %egccan mhancm'. Ea mbtk crax mssansgkn sk sea
ykttgogbgsw kf Ymbatsgngmnt yrkymhmsgnh tqde rqlkqrt sk okkts sea lkrmba
mnc ravkbqsgknmrw tansglanst kf seagr kxn yakyba. Ea lansgknac sems ea
xmt mbtk mddqtac ow Mrmot sems egt tgbanda tk fmr xmt gnsaryrasac mt mn
anckrtalans kf sea Orgsgte ybmn sk ymrsgsgkn Ymbatsgna. Ea ralgncacOrgsmgn sems ea rafrmgnac frkl hgvgnh auybgdgs tqyykrs mhmgnts m
omd`hrkqnc xearaow lw kxn yakyba PTmqcgt\ mra mffadsac ow sea
Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt. Oadmqta seaw famr la" seaw emc ratsrmgnac sealtabvat
frkl fqrsear mhgsmsgknt. Mhmgn" Gon Tmqc mttqrat Orgsmgn sems ea ralmgnt
bkwmb sk sea smmeqcms hgvan sk Orgsmgn mnc ea xgbb dknsgnqa sk yrkvgca
mcvgda mnc audemnha kygngknt.uvg Gs xmt raykrsac sems"
Gon Tmqc emc radansbw radagvac vmrgkqt raykrst sems sea Oackqgnt" oksegn Tmqcg Mrmogm mnc gn Smntjkrcmn xara seramsangnh sk sm`a mdsgkn mnc sk
lm`a calkntsrmsgknt .Egt Lmjatsw emt mbramcw cayradmsac tqde mdsgkn
mnc emc gttqac krcar sk egt bkdmb hkvarnkrt sems mnw calkntsrmsgknt
tekqbc oa tqyyrattac mrrats lghes oa gnavgsmoba kf tkla kf egt kxntqojadst.uvgg
Segt yktgsgkn" cavabkyac mnc rayamsac serkqhekqs Gon Tmqct
dkrratykncanda xgse Orgsmgn gn sea =749t" dknsgnqac gn sea =739t. Xegba
Gon Tmqc auyrattac egt twlymsew xgse sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta" ea xmt nksyraymrac sk jakymrcgta egt frganctegy xgse Orgsmgn.
Sea tadknc seala sems cklgnmsat sea Tmqcg yktgsgkn kvar Ymbatsgna xmt
dkndarn kvar Jaxgte gllghrmsgkn. Segt xmt auyrattac gn tavarmb bassart skOrgsgte kffgdgmbt mnc gn laasgnht oasxaan Orgsgte kffgdgmbt kn sea kna emnc
mnc Wqtgf Wmtgn mnc Fqmc Emlzm. okse xara ymrs kf sea saml kf Mrmo
fqndsgknmrgat xek cambs xgse sea @gnht fkraghn mffmgrt mnc Orgsgte
kffgdgmbt gn Jaccme mnc Bknckn. Gon Tmqc rayamsacbw auyrattac egt
dkndarn kvar egt tsmsqra mlknh Mrmot gf ea ralmgnac tgbans kvar sea gttqa
kf Jaxgte lghrmsgkn. Ea xrksa sk sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans gn =748
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
8/29
eghebghesgnh ekx egt yratsgha mlknh nks knbw egt kxn tqojadst oqs mbtk
mlknh ksear Mrmot xgbb oa mffadsac gf ea cgc nks rmgta kojadsgknt sk sea
gndramtac Jaxgte lghrmsgkn. Ea rayamsac sems sea nqloar kf Jaxt gn
Ymbatsgna emt gndramtac. Segt gt xkrrwgnh nks knbw Ymbatsgngmnt oqs ksear
Lqtbglt. Xa tqhhats sems sea Orgsgte Hkvarnlans embst Jaxgte lghrmsgknfkr ms bamts san wamrt sk cgtyab qnrats" xkrrw mnc vgkbanda.uvggg Sea gttqa
kf lghrmsgkn xmt mbtk bgn`ac sk sea tmba kf Mrmo bmnc sk Jaxt. Ea
tqhhatsac sk sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans sk rahqbmsa bmnc tmba gn krcar skyrksads sea tlmbb mnc lkcats ybkst kf sea glykvargteac Ymbatsgngmnt.
Sea segrc seala gn Gon Tmqct bassart kn Ymbatsgna rafbadsac egt dkndarn
kvar sea temya mnc tsrqdsqra kf mnw Ymbatsgngmn hkvarnlans mfsar sea anc
kf sea Orgsgte lmncmsa. Gon Tmqc dkqbc nks anvgtmha m Emtealgsa sm`akvar
kf Jarqtmbal mfsar sea caymrsqra kf Orgsmgn. Searafkra" ea rajadsac mnwybmnt sk ymrsgsgkn Ymbatsgna mnc tqhhatsac sk Orgsmgn sk atsmobgte eq`qlmcgtskrgwwm" dkntsgsqsgknmb hkvarnlans sems gndbqcac knbw sea dqrrans
ratgcanst kf Ymbatsgna xgse tyadgmb yrkvgtgknt sems antqra sea yrksadsgkn kf
sea Ekbw tgsat mnc seagr mddattgogbgsw sk mbb" xgse tyadgmb yrksadsgkn sk
lgnkrgsgat mnc Orgsgte gnsaratst.ugu Egt gntgtsanda kn yrgkrgsw oagnhhgvan sk sea ratgcanst kf Ymbatsgna xmt m dbamr rafbadsgkn kf egt tqtygdgkn
kf Emtealgsa ybmnt sems lghes gndbqca sea gndkrykrmsgkn kf Jarqtmbal gn
sea Jkrcmngmn rambl. Sea Tmqcg bamcartegy cgtlgttac mnw Orgsgte
tqhhatsgkn sems kna Mrmo bamcartegy tekqbc ybmw m bamcgnh rkba gn
cgtdqttgnh sea Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt. Gon Tmqc mbxmwt gntgtsac sems ea emc nkkojadsgknt sk orgnhgnh Mlgr Mocqbbme oqs gs xmt catgrmoba sems Ahwys
xkqbc nks oa orkqhes gnsk dkbbadsgva mdsgkn gn Ymbatsgna mnc Mrmo
mffmgrt.uu Xegba Gon Tmqc xmt dkndarnac kvar sea fqsqra kf Ymbatsgna
mfsar sea anc kf sea lmncmsa" egt famrt ausancac sk Smntjkrcmn.
Orgsgte Ykbgsgdmb _atgcans gn Omermgn xrksa sk sea Fkraghn Kffgda sems Gon
Tmqc dkntgcart egt gnsaratst sk oa mffadsac varw qnfmvkqrmobw ow sea
yrktyadsgva ranqndgmsgkn kf Orgsgte lmncmsa kvar Srmntjkrcmn tk bknh mt
sea lmncmsa bmtsac ea tmwt" ea `nax sems Mocqbbmet gnsrghqat xkqbc oaeabc gn dead`" sems Tmqcg dbmgl sk M}mom mnc Lmmn xkqbc nks bmytaGf
Mocqbbme gt sk oa gncayancans" Gon Tmqc xmnst sxk skxnt mnc m dkrrgckr%nks m lara rghes kf xmw' sk Twrgm.uug
Gs gt nks mn kvartsmsalans sk dkndbqca sems gn sea bmsa =749t Gon Tmqc
yrafarrac sea Orgsgte lmncmsa sk ralmgn gn ybmda nks knbw gn Ymbatsgna oqs
mbtk gn Smntjkrcmn. Ea seramsanac sk ravgva sarrgskrgmb dbmglt kvar M}mom
mnc Lmmn gn krcar sk tadqra egt yktgsgkn mnc hmgn m fkks gn MlgrMocqmbbmet rambl. Hakrha _ancab" xek emc tavarmb gnsarvgaxt xgse GonTmqc tqllac qy sea @gnht yktgsgkn"
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
9/29
Mt m Lktbal mnc mn Mrmo egt twlymsew nmsqrmbbw bmw xgse sea Mrmot kfYmbatsgna. Ea emt tqyyrattac seata faabgnht kqs kf frganctegy fkr egt
Lmjatswt Hkvarnlans mnc ea dkqbc mbxmwt tqyyratt egt faabgnht gn seagnsaratst kf ykbgdwoqs ea tskkc mbkna" mnc ea emc sk segn` kf egt yktgsgkn
gn m xkrbc xeara lmnw kf egt dk,rabghgkngtst xkqbc nks avan mclgs sems eaxmt m Lktbal.uugg
Gs gt segt dkntsmns }qats fkr bahgsglmdw mlknh Mrmot mnc Lqtbglt sems
temyac Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn Ymbatsgna. Sea fmds sems lmnw dk,rabhgkngtstxkqbc nks mclgs sems Gon Tmqc xmt m Lqtbgl mssatst sk m yradmrgkqt
yktgsgkn ms m sgla xean Gon Tmqc xmnsac sk hmgn bahgsglmdw gn sea awat kf
Mrmot mnc Lqtbglt xkrbcxgca sk tadqra egt radans kddqymsgkn kf sea
Egjmz. Gon Tmqc xmt catyarmsa fkr segt bahgsglmdw" xegde ea dkqbc nks
sm`a fkr hrmnsac. Egt dkrratykncanda xgse Orgsmgn rafbadsac hramsqncartsmncgnh kf sea Orgsgte yktgsgkn mnc cgballmt xegde ea xmt
casarlgnac sk eaby mbbavgmsa sk lmgnsmgn egt frganctegy xgse m ykxar sems
ea tmx mt m dead` kn sea mlogsgknt kf sea sxk Emtealgsa ramblt mnc seagr
kxn bahgsglmdw gn sea Mrmo xkrbc. Orgsmgn xmt mbtk sea dkbkngmb ykxar gn
tavarmb dkqnsrgat sems emc eqha Lqtbgl ykyqbmsgkn amhar sk yarfkrl seaygbhrglmha gn egt radansbw md}qgrac sarrgskrgat. Ybachgnh bkwmbsw sk Orgsmgn
mnc dknsgnqkqtbw gntgtsgnh kn sea oanafgs kf m yamdafqb tassbalans kf sea
Ymbatsgngmn yrkobal rafbadsac egt dkndarn kvar egt okrcart xgse okse Grm}
mnc Srmntjkrcmn" gn egt kygngkn yrksadsac knbw oadmqta kf Orgsgte lmncmsa
kvar seata sarrgskrgat. Ea yrafarrac sea yaryasqmsgkn kf segt lmncmsa sk seaalarhanda kf sxk gncayancans Emtealgsa `gnhcklt sk sea nkrse kf egtrambl.
Gon Tmqc gnvk`ac sea ramdsgkn kf egt yakyba sk Orgsgte ykbgdw lm`art mnc
yratansac egltabf gn egt dkrratykncanda mt sea `gnh xek fmdat tkdgasmb
yrattqra frkl hrkqyt gntgca sea dkqnsrw xek kyykta Jaxgte lghrmsgkn
mnc sea ymrsgsgkn kf Ymbatsgna. Kn tavarmb kddmtgknt" Gon Tmqc rmgtac sea
gttqa kf egt yratsgha mlknh egt kxn yakyba mnc mlknh Lqtbglt. Ea mbtk
dknsgnqac sk rafar sk yrattqrat frkl egt kxn yakyba sk anhmha xgse seaYmbatsgngmn drgtgt ow eabygnh Ymbatsgngmnt tadqra m ekla. Ekxavar" gnOrgsgte Fkraghn Kffgda ckdqlanst" gs gt dbamr sems nks lmnw Orgsgte
kffgdgmbt xkrrgac mokqs fkr aumlyba sea qbmlm kf Nmjc mnc Egjmz mnc sea
srgomb ykyqbmsgkn mnc gst kygngkn kn Ymbatsgna. Orgsgte mttattlans kf sea
tk,dmbbac gnsarnmb yrattqrat kn Gon Tmqc cgtlgttac seal mt grrabavmnsfmdskrt gn Gon Tmqct ykbgdw skxmrct sea }qatsgkn kf Ymbatsgna. Frkl
Jaccme Hakrha _ancab ratykncac sk m Fkraghn Kffgda tsmsalans mokqs seambbahac yrattqrat Gon Tmqc xmt auyargandgnh mt m ratqbs kf sea mssgsqca
mckysac ow sea qbmlm kf Nmjc mnc Lqtbgl kygngkn kn Ymbatsgna. _ancabcgtlgttat Bkncknt mnugasw mnc dknfgrlt sems
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
10/29
..sea cahraa kf sea gnfbqanda xegde sea qbmlm xeasear gn Najc kr kf seaEajmz" mra moba sk auardgta kn Gon Tmqc" kr kf sea ausans sk xegde sea
ramdsgknt kf Lktbal kygngkn sk sea yrkyktmbt fkr sea ymrsgsgkn kf
Ymbatsgna emva egsearsk fkqnc auyrattgkn" gn tyknsmnakqt lmngfatsmsgkn
kf yqobgd kygngkn kr gn mrsgdbat gn sea yratt" ck nks yrkvgca sea knbw krlkts rabgmoba tsmncmrct kn xegde sea yratans tgsqmsgkn tekqbc oa
jqchac.gn mn mqskdrmsgd dkqnsrw sea yakyba xgbb nks qtqmbbw
calkntsrmsa" ekxavar tsrknh seagr faabgnh xgsekqs `nkxgnh oafkraemnc
sems seaw xgbb nks tqffar fkr gsSea Eajmz gt skk oqtw xgse sea ygbhrglmha
sk cavksa lqde mssansgkn sk Ymbatsgna Gon Tmqc emt mbxmwt oaan
dmrafqb sk `aay kn hkkc sarlt xgse egt kxn qbmlm.. Segt ckat nks lamn
sems ea gt qncqbw qncar seagr gnfbqanda" mnc gn mn gnsarnmb lmssar" ea
dkqbc ckqosbatt lm`a ekbc seagr sknhqat.Pfkr\ Gon Tmqc sk catdrgoa egt
tgsqmsgkn mt catyarmsa oadmqta kf bkdmb rabghgkqt drgsgdgtl gt mn
aumhharmsgkn0 oqs gs gt ramtknmoba sk oabgava sems sea qbmlm kf Najc.
casats Zgkngts ykbgdw" mnc sems Gon Tmqc" xek lqts `nkx ekx bgssba tqyykrs
ea anjkwt gn sea Eajmz" faabt dklyabbac sk sm`a seagr vgaxt gnsk
dkntgcarmsgkn. uuggg
Gs gt glykrsmns sk nksa sems sea yakyba kf Tmqcg Mrmogm" gn mbb seagr
dmsahkrgat" fkr aumlyba Egjmzg abgsa mnc lardemnst" Nmjcg srgomb
ykyqbmsgkn mnc qbmlm" kfsan lansgknac gn segt dkrratykncanda" xara nks
gn m yktgsgkn sk fkrlqbmsa dbamr kygngkn kn Ymbatsgna gn sea =749t mnc
=739t fkr m tglyba ramtkn. Motanda kf gnfkrlmsgkn xmt m lmgn fmdskr.Tmqcg Mrmogm emc knbw kna kffgdgmb naxtymyar" Qll mb,]qrm" yqobgteacgn Laddm. Sea naxtymyar lqts emva emc m bglgsac dgrdqbmsgkn hgvan sea
eghe rmsat kf gbbgsarmdw ms sea sgla. Fqrsearlkra" mddatt sk Tmqcg Mrmogm
xmt ratsrgdsac sk sekta mqsekrgtac ow Orgsmgn0 sea oghhats fbqu kf vgtgskrt
xkqbc emva nkrlmbbw dkla cqrgnh sea ygbhrglmha tamtkn" xegde gn sea
amrbw =749t xmt tavarabw mffadsac ow sea xkrbc adknklgd radattgkn. Mn
Grm}g rmcgk tsmsgkn xmt omtac gn Omhecmc oqs gs xmt ckqosfqb sems gst naxtmnc raykrsgnh ramdeac m xgca mqcganda gn Tmqcg Mrmogm. Mn Gsmbgmn rmcgk
tsmsgkn orkmcdmtsgnh gn Mrmogd tsmrsac gn =745. Sea OOD Mrmogd XkrbcTarvgda mnc _mcgk Oarbgn fkbbkxac s gn =745 mnc =747 ratyadsgvabw.
Bglgsac mddatt sk naxt mnc sea bglgsac mvmgbmogbgsw kf okse _mcgk qngst
mnc abadsrgdgsw lmw emva yravansac sea fkrlmsgkn kf m Tmqcg yqobgdkygngkn kn Ymbatsgna gn =749t mnc amrbw =739t.uugv Gs gt lkra bg`abw sems
sea ykyqbmsgkn radagvac naxt mokqs Ymbatsgna frkl nklmcgd oackqgnt
drkttgnh sk Grm} mnc Srmntjkrcmn" mnc lardemnst srmvabbgnh frkl sea
Egjmz mnc Nmjc sk Ahwys" Grm}" Twrgm kr ykrst kf sea Hqbf. Lqtbgl mnc
Mrmo ygbhrglt dklgnh sk Laddm xkqbc mbtk emva oaan mn glykrsmns
tkqrda kf naxt.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
11/29
Xean Hakrha _ancab cgtdqttac sea ybmn kf sea ymrsgsgkn kf Ymbatsgna xgseGon Tmqct Lgngtsar" Teag`e Emfgz Xmeom" ea raykrsac sems sea bmssar xmt
ausralabw cayrattac ms segt dkllqngdmsgkn. Xmeom skbc _ancab sems
Ea dbamrbw auyadsac m vgkbans ramdsgkn frkl Gon Tmqc mnc lkra semnknda auyrattac sea ekya sems Tgr _. Oqbbmrc xkqbc emva oaan moba sk
auybmgn lmssart sk Egt Lmjatsw mnc rayratans seal gn m lkra skbarmns
bghes oafkra sea `gnh eamrc sea naxt frkl ksear tkqrdat.Ea PXmeom\
dbamrbw mnsgdgymsac sems Mnhbk,Tmqcg rabmsgknt lghes targkqtbw
casargkrmsa.uuv
Gon Tmqct bassart sk Orgsmgn" skhasear xgse lgnqsat kf laasgnht eabc xgse
egt lkts rabavmns mnc mdsgva fqndsgknmrgat Wqtgf Wmtgn mnc Emfgz Xmeom"
gncgdmsa m dbamr lattmha. Gon Tmqc xmt dkndarnac xgse sea Ymrsgsgkn kfYmbatsgna knbw gn tk fmr mt segt ymrsgsgkn tsranhseanac egt Emtealgsa mrde
analw" Mlgr Mocqbbme kf Srmntjkrcmn. Ea xmt dbamr xean ea seramsanac
sk ravgva egt sarrgskrgmb dbmglt kvar skxnt tqde mt Lmmn mnc M}mom" nkx
qncar Emtealgsa rqba" knbw gn sekta dgrdqltsmndat xearaow Mlgr
Mocqbbme xmt taan sk ykta m serams sk sea Tmqcg lknmrde. Seaalmndgymsgkn frkl Orgsmgn kf Mlgr Mocqbbme xmt taan mt qncarlgngnh
egt yartknmb gnsaratst. Ea gntgtsac mnc rayamsac sems sea Ymrsgsgkn kfYmbatsgna xkqbc mblkts darsmgnbw lm`a sea Mlgr Mocqbbme mn gncayancans
tkvaraghn xgse m dkntgcarmoba mddattgkn kf sarrgskrw sk sea Xats kf
Jkrcmn.uuvg Gs hkat xgsekqs tmwgnh sems kffgdgmb Tmqcg yqobgdmsgknt gnxegde tabadsac bassart mnc dkrratykncanda mra rayrgnsac dklybasabw ghnkrasegt cglantgkn sems temyac Tmqcg ykbgdw kn Ymbatsgna serkqhekqs sea sxk
cadmcat yrgkr sk =738,5.
Gn fmds Tmqcg egtskrgkhrmyew ralmgnt motkbqsabw tgbans kn Mlgr Mocqbbme
kf Srmntjkrcmn mnc sea rgvmbrw xgse Gon Tmqc. Xearavar seara xmt
lansgkn kf sea Emtealgsat" segt egtskrgkhrmyew yratansac seal mt yakyba
xgse gnsrghqat sems mgl sk qncarlgna Tmqcg srmn}qgbbgsw mnc yamda. Gn kna
yqobgdmsgkn" Tmqcg egtskrgmn mb,Qsemwlgn kqsbgnat Tmqcg,Jkrcmngmnrabmsgknt mnc eghebghest sems Mlgr Mocqbbme emc dbkta dknsmdst xgse seasrgoat kf Egjmz mnc mt ea bkts egt gnfbqanda mfsar sea gndkrykrmsgkn kf Egjmz
gn sea Tmqcg rambl" gs xmt lkts nmsqrmb fkr egl sk mckys mn mnsmhkngtsgd
ykbgdw skxmrct Gon Tmqc. Sea mqsekr alyemtgtat sems Mocqbbmet srgoat
dknsgnqac sk rmgc Nmjcg srmcgnh dmrmvmnt" qncar Gon Tmqct mqsekrgsw.
Sea Tmqcg G`exmn raybgac mnc rmgcac sekta srgoat oqs Jkrcmngmn srgoat"
fkr aumlyba omng Tm`er mnc sea Ekxgsms dknsgnqac seagr mhhrattgkn kn
Tmqcg sarrgskrw.uuvgg Segt egtskrgkhrmyew ralmgnt tgbans kn ekx fkr
aumlyba rmgct ow srgoat sqrnac Tmqcg xgse sea crmxgnh kf sea okqncmrgatoasxaan sea rambl kf Gon Tmqc kn sea kna emnc mnc sems kf Grm} mnc
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
12/29
Srmntjkrcmn kn sea ksear" xara kfsan andkqrmhac sk rmgc sea ksear tgca. Gs
xmt kfsan Tmqcg,Emtealgsa anlgsw mnc rgvmbrw rmsear semn rabghgkqt zamb"
uankyekogm" Jgemcg affarvatdanda" mnc ghnkrmnda kf mbgan dkndayst tqde mt
sarrgskrgmb okqncmrgat sems casarlgnac srgomb rmgct gn sea frknsgar mram
oasxaan Tmqcg Mrmogm mnc gst nkrsearn nagheokqrt.
Gon Tmqct tabadsac bassart mnc tarlknt yrkjads mn glmha kf m @gnh xek
ancamvkqrac sk gnfbqanda gnsarnmsgknmb yqobgd kygngkn" lmgnbw Orgsmgn mnc
sea QT %Bmsar gn sea =739t'" gn krcar sk tmfahqmrc Jarqtmbal frkl Zgkngts
gnsrqtgkn. Gn egt dkrratykncanda xgse Orgsmgn" sea @gnh kvar,aumhharmsac
sea yrattqra kf egt kxn yakyba. Ekxavar" Orgsgte mttattlans kf seata
yrattqrat rghesbw dknfgrlac sems seaw xara nks mt cmnharkqt mt sea @gnh
xmnsac Orgsmgn sk oabgava. Kna gt lkra bg`abw sk mhraa xgse segt avmbqmsgkn
hgvan sea xam`natt kf tavarmb yksansgmb srkqobalm`art" fkr aumlyba seaqbmlm kf Nmjc" sea srgomb ykyqbmsgkn kf sea nkrsearn yrkvgndat kr sea
nksmobat kf sea Egjmz" mbb xara tqddattfqbbw ymdgfgac ow Gon Tmqc oafkra
sea =735 xmr. Sea qbmlm emc mbramcw oaan dk,kysac mfsar sea targkqt
G`exmn raoabbgkn kf =7?8 xearamt sea Egjmzg srgomb raoabbgkn kf Gon
_gfmcm gn =74= xmt tqddattfqbbw yqs ckxn. Egjmzgt xara ykttgobw tsgbbqncar sea eamvw bktt kf sea Xkrbc adknklgd radattgkn kf =744" xegde
mblkts catsrkwac seagr ravanqat frkl sea ygbhrglmha tamtkn xgse sea
cadramta gn sea nqloar kf ygbhrglt ramdegnh Laddm cqrgnh sems wamr mncavan mfsarxmrct.uuvggg
Lkra tghngfgdmns sk Tmqcg ykbgdw kn Ymbatsgna xmt sea yrktyads kf MlgrMocqbbme alarhgnh mt mn gncayancans tkvaraghn. Gn Gon Tmqct kygngkn"gs gt knbw sea yratanda kf Lmjkr Hbqoo mnc sea Orgsgte frknsgar fkrda sems
emt oaan ratykntgoba fkr sea lmgnsanmnda kf yamda cqrgnh sea ymts fax
wamrt kn sea tklaxems mrsgfgdgmb mnc gbb,cafgnac ca fmdsk okqncmrw xegde
taymrmsat Srmntjkrcmn mnc Tmqcg Mrmogm.uugu Orgsgte mttattlans kf seamssgsqca kf Gon Tmqc kn sea ymrsgsgkn kf Ymbatsgna dbamrbw ragsarmsac sems gsgt srqa sems Gon Tmqct gllacgmsa ramdsgkn skxmrc ymrsgsgkn xara rmsear
mhmgnts sea cgffgdqbsgat xegde sea yrkyktmb sk lm`a sea Mlgr Mocqbbme mngncayancans tkvaraghn xkqbc emva dmqtac egl yartknmbbw semn mhmgnts
sea gnjqtsgda xegde" gn sea awat kf mbb Lktbal mnc Mrmo kygngkn" xmt
oagnh gnfbgdsac kn sea Mrmo rmda.uuu Searafkra" gs gt segt yartknmb anlgsw
rmsear semn sea dkndarn xgse orkmc Mrmo mnc Lqtbgl dmqtat semscasarlgnac Tmqcg ykbgdw kn Ymbatsgna.
Gon Tmqct cafaranda sk Orgsgte ykbgdgat kn Ymbatsgna ra}qgrac egl sk
rafqta yrkyktmbt sk ekbc m tadras laasgnh gn Laddm sk cgtdqtt sea gttqa
xgse tavarmb Mrmo yartknmbgsgat xek xara gnsancgnh sk yarfkrl sea
ygbhrglmha gn =748. Oqbbmrc xrksa Sea `gnh emc rafqtac sk mbbkx gs"
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
13/29
mbbahgnh sems Laddm xmt m ybmda fkr rabghgkqt xkrtegy nks fkr ykbgsgdmb
dknfarandat.ea navar alomr`ac kn mnw ykbgdw qnbatt ea xmt tqra gs xmtramtknmoba mnc ea cgc nks xgte sk alomrrmtt Egt Lmjatswt
Hkvarnlansgf sea ekbcgnh kf m dknfaranda emc oaan sea dkqrta sk
yqrtqa" ea xkqbc emva yrkyktac gs egltabf mnc nks fkbbkxac seatqhhatsgkn kf kseart.uuug
Xean sea tadknc Xkrbc xmr ork`a kqs" Gon Tmqc emc mbramcw lmca gs
dbamr sk Orgsmgn sems sea yrktyads kf gncayancans Emtealgsa ramblt
seramsanac egt tadqrgsw lkra semn mnw ksear lmssar rabavmns sk Mrmo yqobgd
kygngkn" gndbqcgnh sea }qatsgkn kf Ymbatsgna. Ea famrac m Orgsgte lgbgsmrw
xgsecrmxmb frkl sarrgskrgat xeara egt mrde analgat emc mbramcw oaan
gntsmbbac. Ea srqtsac sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans sk `aay egt kxn egtskrgdmb
analgat qncar dknsrkb.
Sea Tadknc Xkrbc Xmr =747,=731
Jqts oafkra sea Tadknc Xkrbc Xmr tsmrsac" Gon Tmqc gnsancac sk fkrl m
bmrha mrlw srmgnac kn lkcarn bgnat. Segt ybmn" ekxavar" cgc nks hk varw
fmr. Nahksgmsgknt sk kosmgn san sekqtmnc rgfbat frkl Harlmnw mnc san
lgbbgkn rkqnct kf tlmbb mrlt mllqngsgkn xara dmndabbac.uuugg Gs xmt
knbw gn =736 sems sea fgrts Orgsgte Lgbgsmrw Lgttgkn sk srmgn Tmqcg
yartknnab fkr sea rahqbmr Tmqcg mrlw xmt dklybasac. Tmqcg Lgngtsar kf
Cafanda Yrgnda Lmntqr Gon Mocqbmzgz auyrattac egt hrmsgfgdmsgkn ms seatsmncmrct mssmgnac cqrgnh sea dkqrtat.uuuggg Ekxavar" xgse sea tgsqmsgkn
gn Ymbatsgna oadklgnh lkra drgsgdmb" Tmqcg dmndabbmsgkn kf mn krcar sk
yqrdemta fqrsear a}qgylans frkl Orgsmgn xmt rahrassac was seara xmt mrabgaf sems mn Mrmo dkqnsrw sk xekl xa POrgsmgn\ emva nk sramsw
kobghmsgknt" gt nks ybmdgnh seata krcart fkr lgbgsmrw tqyybgat xgse
qt.uuugv Sea mttattlans kf Tmqcg lgbgsmrw dmymogbgsgat alyemtgtac sems
gn hanarmb sea mrlw ralmgnac qnkrhmngtac mnc dkntgtsac ansgrabw kf
qnsrmgnac lan. _abgaf xmt auyrattac gn Bknckn xean sea yqrdemta kf
lkra vaegdbat mnc a}qgylans cgc nks lmsargmbgta bmsar gn =738 oadmqta kfsea casargkrmsgnh tgsqmsgkn gn Ymbatsgna. Sea Orgsgte famrac sems tqde mrlt
gn sea emnct kf Tmqcgt lmw fgnc m xmw kf hassgnh sk Ymbatsgna. Seagr famrxmt qnrambgtsgd mt bmsar avanst yrkvac.
Gn =73? Gon Tmqc radagvac mn kvarsqra frkl Mlgr Mocqbbme xek xrksa sk
sea `gnh sk auyratt egt xkrrgat rahmrcgnh sekta Lqtbglt xek emc oaan
mssmd`ac cqrgnh sea xmr mnc sea bmnct xeara xa emva nmsgknmb mnc
adknklgd gnsaratst. Ea lansgknac egt catgra sk laas @gnh Gon Tmqc mtea fabs sems mbb tekqbc jkgn gn tkla lkvalans sk mttgts sekta yakyba. Ea
ekyac sems sea sglat xkqbc emva anmobac qt sk laas oqs G bamrn sems segt
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
14/29
gt nks sk oa" mbsekqhe G emva nks momncknac ekya. Gon Tmqc raybgac semsgs gt fkrsqnmsa sems kqr dknnadsgknt xgse sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans mra mt
yarfads mt oa catgracgs xkqbc hgva qt hramsats emyygnatt sk dmqta m
laasgnh oasxaan wkqr eghenatt mnc lwtabfxean lmssart emva rasqrnac
sk nkrlmb mnc xa mra ms rats.uuuv Gon Tmqc xmt kovgkqtbw nks ramcw fkrm laasgnh xgse Mlgr Mocqbbme" atyadgmbbw cqrgnh sglat kf qndarsmgnsw"dmqtac ow sea xmr. Gon Tmqct laasgnh xgse Mlgr Mocqbbme cgc nks sm`a
ybmda qnsgb Jqna =735" nks knbw mfsar sea anc kf sea xmr oqs mbtk mfsar gs
oadmla dbamr sems sea Emtealgsa kf Jkrcmn bkts tkla kf seagr yratsgha gn
sea Mrmo mnc Lqtbgl xkrc fkbbkxgnh sea mb,nm`om. Gon Tmqc dknsgnqac
sk rahmrc Mlgr Mocqbbme xgse tqtygdgkn. Ea mbxmwt famrac Emtealgsa
gnsrghqat mlknh Egjmzgt" xek mddkrcgnh sk Wqtgf Wmtgn" ratansac sea@gnht nahbads kf segt rahgkn gn fmvkqr kf Nmjc. Orgsgte raykrst rafarrac sk
sea lardemnst kf sea Egjmz oadklgnh ratansfqb mfsar taagnh sea Emjj
ravanqat oagnh cgvarsac gn sea cgradsgkn kf Nmjc. Orgsgte tkqrdat
md`nkxbachac sems Emtealgsa gnsrghqat mlknh Egjmzgz tsgbb bkwmb sk seagrkbc lmtsart qnckqosacbw augtsac" sekqhe yrkomobw nks kn m cmnharkqt
tdmba.uuuvg
Gon Tmqc ratgtsac mnw mssalys sk hrkqy sea alarhgnh naxbw gncayancans
Mrmo dkqnsrgat gn mnw fkrl kf qngkn. Ea gntgtsac sems ea yrafarrac m
ykbgdw sems mdegavat sea gncayancanda kf amde Mrmo tsmsa gn m lmnnar sems
xkqbc antqra amde tsmsa rasmgngnh gst kxn gcansgsw. Grm} Yrgla Lgngtsar
Nqrg Ymtem sabahrmyeac sea `gnh rahmrcgnh mssgsqcat kf Twrgm skxmrct mqngkn xgse Ymbatsgna mnc Smntjkrcmn mfsar sea anc kf sea Frande lmncmsa.Gon Tmqc gntgtsac sems ea cgc nks tqyykrs mnw qngkn kf segt `gnc. Ea
dbmglac sems sea qngsgnh kf seata yakyba qncar kna dansrmb hkvarnlans gt
m yrkyktmb tk fqbb kf cgffgdqbsgat.. sems xkqbc dmqta cgttansgkn mnc cgtyqsa
rmsear semn mhraalans mnc emrlknw.uuuvgg Okse Gon Tmqc" skhasear
xgse Twrgmn nmsgknmbgtst ratgtsac Emtealgsa catgrat sk tyramc seagr
gnfbqanda kvar sea naxbw gncayancans Twrgm. Lkts glykrsmnsbw Gon Tmqcrafqtac mnw qngsw mlknh sea naxbw alarhgnh Mrmo nmsgkn tsmsat mnc
bamnac skxmrct sea fkrlmsgkn kf sea Mrmo Bamhqa" sea gcam oaegnc gs gtoabgavac sk oa krdeatsrmsac ow Orgsmgn gllacgmsabw mfsar sea kqsoram` kf
Xkrbc xmr GG.uuuvggg M raykrs kn Mrmo Qngsw yraymrac ow Demseml Ekqta
gn Bknckn fkr sea Frande Alomttw mttattac sea yrktyads kf tqde qngswmnc yksansgmb dmncgcmsat sk bamc sea Qngkn. Sea raykrs dbmglac sems gs gt
qnfkrsqnmsa sems Mlgr Mocqbbme" sea tkn kf sea bmsa @gnh Eqttagn ansgsbacegl sk cqa dkntgcarmsgkn fkr bamcartegy oqs gs gt mn qnfkrsqnmsa fmds sems
sea lmjkrgsw kf Mrmot ck nks rahmrc egl xgse fmvkqr mt m ykttgoba rqbar gnm xgcar tyeara semn egt yratans kna. Mt fkr Gon Tmqc sea raykrs
lansgknac Gon Tmqct tqtygdgkn kf mnw cgtdqttgkn kf Mrmo qngsw"atyadgmbbw sems sm`gnh ybmda oasxaan Grm}g mnc Ahwysgmn yralgart xgsekqs
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
15/29
yrgkr rafaranda sk egl. Ea xmt raykrsac sk emva tmgc sems tqde cgtdqttgknt
racqdac egl sk sea bavab kf sea Baomnata Yratgcans.uuugu Gon Tmqc
kovgkqtcbw dkqbc nks mddays m rkba yaremyt lkra tqgsmoba sk m lgnkrbamcar" fkr aumlyba sea Baomnata Yrgla Lgngtsar.
Seara xmt m rambgtmsgkn gn _gwmce sems sea @gnh tekqbc myyamr sk tekx
lkra gnsarats gn Mrmo mffmgrt. Gn Lmrde =734 ea hmva mn gnsarvgax sk sea
Mlargdmn ymyar Bgfa gn xegde ea srgac sk tekx sems ea xmt dkndarnac
xgse lmssart rabmsac sk sea fqsqra kf Ymbatsgna" mt m ratqbs kf xegde ea
radagvac dknhrmsqbmskrw sabahrmlt frkl Mrmo nmsgknmbgtst gn Ahwys mnc
Twrgm. Gon Tmqc xans mt fmr mt sk gntgts sems mnw qngsw sems dklyrklgtat
sea gcansgsw kf amde Mrmo tsmsa tekqbc oa rajadsac. Ea dbmglac sems Mrmo
qngsw qncar kna bamcartegy xkqbc oa m xmtsa kf sgla bamcgnh sk nksegnh
oqs xems xkqbc dmqta cgttansgkn mnc cgtyqsa rmsear semn mhraalans mncemrlknw. Gn affads ea mglac ms lmgnsmgngnh m ombmnda kf ykxar mnc
mvkgcgnh mhhrattgkn ow kna Mrmo tsmsa mhmgnts mnksear. Gon Tmqc
yrklgtac sk dk,kyarmsa xgse sea yrkjads kf m rahgknmb Mrmo dkqndgb kn sxk
dkncgsgknt: sea Emtealgsat `aaygnh seagr emnct kff Twrgm mnc Ymbatsgna"
mnc mnw lamtqra gn tqyykrs kf Mrmo qngsw lqts nks kotsrqds sea mbbgat xmraffkrs. Cqrgnh sea Xmr" Gon Tmqc lmca gs dbamr sk sea Orgsgte sems ea xmt
mvarta sk rmgtgnh sea gttqa kf Ymbatsgna ms m sgla xean gs lghes alomrrmtt
sea mbbgat.ub Sea raykrs xmt tans sk sea Fkraghn Kffgda fkr myyrkvmb. Lr
Okxlmn kf sea _atamrde Caymrslans lmca fax dkllanst" oqs gs xmt skk
bmsa. Sea raykrs emc mbramcw oaan cgtymsdeac.
Sea tgsqmsgkn gn Ymbatsgna oadmla lkra vkbmsgba mfsar sea tadknc Xkrbc
Xmr" Gon Tmqc xrksa sk Yrgla Lgngtsar Deqrdegbb gn =731. Ea tqllac qyegt yktgsgkn kn Ymbatsgna:
Sea atsmobgtelans kf m Jaxgte tsmsa gn Ymbatsgna xgbb oa m tsrknh mssmd`
kn sea Mrmot mnc m serams sk yamda. Gs gt gnavgsmoba sems qnrats xgbb
cklgnmsa oasxaan Mrmot mnc Jaxt. Gf sea ymsganda kf Mrmot rqn kqs" mnc
seaw hgva qy ekya" seaw xgbb cafgngsabw cafanc seagr bmnc mnc sea fqsqrahanarmsgknxa dknhrmsqbmsa sea mbbgat kn seagr vgdskrw mnc ekya sems seaw
mra mxmra kf Mrmo rghest gn Ymbatsgna. ubg
Gn vmrgkqt tarlknt mccrattgnh Tmqcgt" Gon Tmqc mnnkqndac sems sea
Orgsgte hkvarnlans xmt fmdgnh sea qnhrmsafqb Zgkngtst. Sea bmssar
seramsanac Orgsgte gnsaratst gn sea rahgkn. Ea a}qmbbw alyemtgtac sems ea
tmx nk oanafgs gn dklykqncgnh Orgsgte cgffgdqbsgat gn Ymbatsgna xearajqtsgda fkr Ymbatsgngmnt lqts oa atsmobgteac. ubgg
Gn =736" Gon Tmqc xrksa sk Yratgcans Srqlmn sems G ml cgtsrattac kvarsea Dknhratt tqyykrs kf Jaxgte gllghrmsgkn sk YmbatsgnaDknhratt lqts
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
16/29
emva oaan mffadsac ow Zgkngts yrkymhmncm. Zgkngtst nks knbw seramsan
Ymbatsgna oqs seaw mra mbtk m serams sk Tmqcg Mrmogm.ubggg Gn Gon Tmqct
dkrratykncanda mnc laasgnht xgse Mlargdmn kffgdgmbt" ea tmx m xgnckxkf kyykrsqngsw. Ea dknfattac
Tgnda G xmt okrn mnc tsmrsac sk rahmgn sea raghn kf lw fmseart mnc
hrmncfmseart" G emva nks `nkxn mnw ykxar ksear semn Orgsmgn. Tea xmt lw
frganc. G tmx frkl ear xems ybamtac la mnc tea tmx frkl la xems
ybamtac ear. Xean sea Xmr %Xkrbc Xmr GG' ork`a kqs" G tqyykrsac ear mnc
tea srqtsac la. G mcvgtac lw Mrmo orkseart nks sk anhmha gn mnw mdsgvgsw
sems xkqbc qncarlgna Orgsmgn.ubgv
Knda mhmgn Gon Tmqc qtac sea qbmlm dmrc sk alyemtgta egt cgffgdqbsgat
kvar Ymbatsgna. Ea dbmglac sems egt qbmlm emc radagvac bassart frkl ksear
Lqtbgl qbmlm xek mra mtskngteac mt m ratqbs kf lw tqyykrs fkr Orgsmgn msm sgla xean Orgsmgn tqyykrst sea Jaxt. G auybmgnac sems seara mra cmnhart
fmdgnh kqr nmsgkn gf sea analgat kf Orgsmgn xgn sea xmr. Seaw mt` laxeasear G ml tqra sems Orgsmgn xgbb nks tqyykrs sea Jaxt mfsar gst vgdskrw. G
mbxmwt tmw sems G dmnnks hqmrmnsaa mnwsegnh. G rayams sems gf Mrmot ck nksck mnwsegnh mhmgnts Orgsmgn" Orgsmgn xgbb oa a}qgsmoba. ubv Gon Tmqc
mttarsac ea xkqbc nks bas Tmqcgt fghes gn Ymbatsgna mt bknh mt Orgsmgn
ralmgnt sea lmncmskrw ykxar oadmqta mdst kf mhhrattgkn xgbb oa gn seata
dgrdqltsmndat cgradsac mhmgnts Orgsmgn. Sea caymrsqra kf Orgsmgn frkl
Ymbatsgna xkqbc gnavgsmobw fraa Mrmot frkl seagr ybachat kf frganctegy skOrgsmgn" mddkrcgnh sk Gon Tmqc.
Tmqcg Mrmogm mnc sea Xmr gn Ymbatsgna =738,=735
Mrmo bamcart" gndbqcgnh Gon Tmqc xara xmrnac ow sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans
nks sk anhmha gn mnw mdst kf mhhrattgkn mhmgnts Orgsmgn. Gn m sabahrml tans
sk Omhecmc" Mllmn" Dmgrk" Jaccme" mnc Oagrqs kn ? Cadaloar =738"Mrmo bamcar xara gnfkrlac sems Egt Lmjatswt Hkvarnlans mra dkqnsgnh
kn sea mttqrmndat xegde emva oaan hgvan ow vmrgkqt Mrmo tyk`atlmn"
sems seara gt nk gnsansgkn kf dmqtgnh srkqoba gn Ymbatsgna xegba xa mra tsgbb
gn dknsrkb seara.xa mra okqnc sk rayratt cgtkrcar xemsavar" }qmrsar gs
mrgtat.ubvg Gon Tmqc raybgac sems sea Tmqcg Mrmogmn hkvarnlans xkqbc
ck nksegnh sk alomrrmtt sea Orgsgte qnsgb seaw cgvatsac sealtabvat kf
ratykntgogbgsw gn Ymbatsgna.ubvgg Fqrsearlkra" Orgsmgn gntgtsac sems xegba
seaw xara gn Ymbatsgna" Mrmo hkvarnlanst tekqbc nks knbw rafrmgn frkl
tancgnh mrlw qngst oqs tekqbc mbtk ratsrmgn mnw kf seagr nmsgknmbt xek srw
sk lm`a seagr xmw gnsk Ymbatsgna fkr yqryktat kf dmqtgnh cgtkrcar" mt xabbmt krhmngzmsgknt mnc gncgvgcqmbt gn seagr sarrgskrgat xek srw sk gndgsa
cgtkrcar frkl kqstgca.ubvggg Gon Tmqc mttqrac Orgsmgn sems ea emc nk
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
17/29
gnsansgkn gn dramsgnh lkra srkqobat fkr sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans. Egt tkn"Yrgnda Tmqc" cabgvarac egt fmseart lattmha sk Lr Srkss gn Jaccme.
Mfsar sea Qngsac Nmsgknt mckysac sea ymrsgsgkn ratkbqsgkn kn ?7 Nkvaloar
=738" xmr ork`a kqs kn 49 Nkvaloar =738. Bg`a lkts Mrmo bamcart" GonTmqc rambgtac sems egt dmqsgkqt mnc gncadgtgva ykbgdw kf sea =749t mncamrbw =739t" xkqbc nk bknhar oa tqffgdgans.
Mfsar sea QN cadgtgkn sk ymrsgsgkn Ymbatsgna" sea Mrmo bamhqa eabc
laasgnht gn Dmgrk oasxaan 5,=8 Cadaloar =738. Tmqcg Mrmogm jkgnac
ksear Mrmo tsmsa laloart gn rajadsgnh sea ymrsgsgkn mnc tghnac sea fmlkqtdkllqng}q tsmsgnh sems sea Qngsac Nmsgknt gndbqcac sea oats Mrmo bmnc
gn sea Jaxgte tsmsa mnc yqs embf m lgbbgkn Mrmot qncar Zgkngts rqba. Sea
lmncmsa ykxar ralkvac Mrmo xamyknt mnc hmva Mrmot sk Zgkngtst. Sea
Mrmo tsmsa xgbb tsmnc ow sea tgca kf seagr orkseart ..gn krcar sk sexmrs seaymrsgsgkn kf Ymbatsgna.ubgu Tmqcg Mrmogm mbtk mhraac sk oa ymrs kf sea
Mrmo Bamhqat lgbgsmrw ybmn sk cafanc Ymbatsgna. Gn sea laasgnht Mrmo
tsmsat cadgcac sk tanc 4999 Mrmo vkbqnsaart sk eaby sea Ymbatsgngmn
lqjmegcgn" gn mccgsgkn sk atsmobgtegnh jmwte mb,gn}mse" sea _atdqa Mrmo
Mrlw sk oa atsmobgteac ow smem mb,Emteglg" Gtlmgb Tmfxms" mnc Fmxzg mb,
]mxq}jg. Mrmo tsmsa mrlgat xara sk oa tans sk tqyykrs sea fkqr qngst kfYmbatsgngmnt gntgca Ymbatsgna.
Tmqcg Mrmogm mddaysac sk ymw ?9! kf sea dkts kf lgbgsmrw kyarmsgknt._ayratansgnh Tmqcg Mrmogm gn Mrmo Bamhqa laasgnht xmt Yrgnda Fmwtmb
xek tqyykrsac m tqhhatsgkn sk atsmobgte m bkdmb Ymbatsgngmn
mclgngtsrmsgkn" xegde xmt rajadsac ow sea Grm}g rayratansmsgva.b Sea Mrmo
Bamhqa mhraac sems Ahwys" Baomnkn" Twrgm mnc Srmntjkrcmn lqts kyanseagr frknsgart fkr Mrmo mrlgat.
Xegba Gon Tmqc rafqtac sk mbbkx mnw calkntsrmsgknt agsear gn Egjmz kr
Nmjc sk sm`a ybmda gn tqyykrs kf Ymbatsgna" gs xmt raykrsac sems m tyadgmb
fqnc xmt yrkyktac sk oa dramsac gn krcar sk eaby Ymbatsgngmnt. Sea Orgsgtehkvarnlans" ekxavar" gnfkrlac sea dklymnw myyrkmdeac sk tas qy segt
fqnc" Habbmsbw" Emn`aw mnc Dklymnw Bglgsac" sems gs tekqbc nks jkgnxems xmt attansgmbbw m Lqtbgl rabghgkqt qncarsm`gnh. Gs taalt sems segt
fqnc xmt sea knbw kqsxmrc mdsgkn xegde sea `gnh gt yarlgssgnh.bg
Gon Tmqct lmgn dkndarn gn =738 xmt nks Ymbatsgna oqs m bkdmb gndgcans
sems xmt raykrsac sk sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans" xgse sea gnsansgkn kf taa`gnh
mttqrmnda sems sea Emtealgsat kf Grm} xkqbc oa yrattqrac sk tsky seagrgnsrghqat" segt sgla mlknh sea Temllmr kf nkrse Mrmogm. Gon Tmqct
tqtygdgkn kf sea Grm}g lknmrde dknsgnqac gn =738 xean ea mnnkqndac sksea Orgsgte sems sxk laloart kf sea Mb,_mtegc fmlgbw" Tmqc mnc
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
18/29
Mocqbmzgz" catdancanst kf sea fkrlarbw ykxarfqb eamct kf sea _mtegcg
algrmsat kf Emgb" fbac sk Grm}. Gon Tmqc mssrgoqsac sea gndgcans kf sea
_mtegcgt sm`gnh tmndsqmrw xgse sea @gnh kf Grm} sk sea avgb lmdegnmsgkntkf egt srmcgsgknmb analgat .ea tmgc sems sea nmlat kf sea Emtealgsa
algttmrgat xek bac mtsrmw sea sxk wkqnh _mtegc Temg`et xara xabb `nkxnmnc xkqbc oa hgvan sk qt.bgg Ekxavar" sea fbghes kf sea sxk _mtegcg
orkseart sk Grm} emc nksegnh sk ck xgse Emtealgsa gnsrghqat. Mddkrcgnh sk
tavarmb _mtegcg tkqrdat" sea sxk _mtegcgt fbac sk Grm} mfsar mssancgnh mymrsw ms sea ratgcanda kf Yrgnda Nmtgr" kna kf Gon Tmqct tknt.
Gllacgmsabw mfsar sea ymrsw Mocqbbme gon _mtegcbggg mnc sxk gnvgsac
hqatst cgac gn lwtsargkqt dgrdqltsmndat. Fkr famr kf oagnh crmxn gnsk seagndgcans" sea orkseart kf Mocqbbme Gon _mtegc" Tmqc mnc Mocqbmzgz tkqhes
eaby frkl Temllmr oackqgnt xek mrrmnhac fkr seal sk drktt sea okrcar
sk Grm}.bgv Seaw okse famrac sems seaw xkqbc oa abglgnmsac ow Gon Tmqc.
Sea sxk _mtegcg orkseart atdmyac mfsar tqtyadsgnh m dkntygrmdw sk `gbbseal gn Gon Tmqct dmygsmb. Seagr famrt xara nks qnfkqncac mt
Lqemllmc gon _mtegc" sea tkn kf sea bmts rqbar kf Emgb" xmt mttmttgnmsac
gn =71? gn sea Tmqcg dmygsmb gn lwtsargkqt dgrdqltsmndat.
Gon Tmqct tqtygdgkn kf sea Emtealgsa kf Srmntjkrcmn dknsgnqac sk hrkx
avan mfsar xmr ork`a kqs gn Ymbatsgna. Mddkrcgnh sk Orgsgte tkqrdat" sea`gnh navar radkndgbac egltabf sk sea mttqlysgkn kf gncayancans tsmsqt ow
@gnh Mocqbbme kf Srmntjkrcmn mnc Grm}@gnh Mocqbbmet qnfbmssargnh
rafarandat sk Gon Tmqc gn egt yqobgteac lalkgrt xara m yarlmnanstkqrda kf gnsanta grrgsmsgkn gn _gwmce.bv
Mddkrcgnh sk kffgdgmb nmrrmsgvat Gon Tmqc seramsanac sk dmndab mbb kgb
dkndattgknt xgse Mlargdmn dklymngat gf nk mttqrmndat xara hgvan kvarsea fqsqra kf Ymbatsgna" m yktgsgkn ea xmt dknhrmsqbmsac kn ow Mrmo
nmsgknmbgtst gn Twrgm.bvg Kf dkqrta sea kgb dklymngat sealtabvat skk` nktqde seramst targkqtbw.
Kffgdgmb egtskrw aumhharmsat Tmqcg tqyykrs xean gs catdrgoat lmermjmnmsmb,jgemc" Jgemc fatsgvmbt" mbbahacbw eabc gn vmrgkqt Tmqcg dgsgat mnc kmtat
gn tqyykrs kf sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta. Gs gt dbmglac sems kna tqde laasgnh
xmt mssancac ow fmlkqt Tmqcg rabghgkqt tdekbmr teag`e Lqemllmc gon
Gormegl gon Moc mb,Bmsgf Mb,Temw`e mnc Tmqcg Yrgnda Lqemllmc gonTmqc" okse dmbbac fkr vkbqnsaart sk hk sk Ymbatsgna. Xgsegn sxk cmwt ?999
nmlat xara rahgtsarac. Sea nqloar qnrambgtsgdmbbw rkta sk ?99"999 lan
xek xara catdrgoac mt ramcw sk yarfkrl Jgemc mnc tmdrgfgda seagr bgvat.
Frgcmw tarlknt xara cacgdmsac sk andkqrmhgnh yakyba sk cknmsa fqnct fkr
sea Ymbatsgngmn dmqta. Gn sea Tmqcg kffgdgmb nmrrmsgva" sea qbmlm mramyybmqcac fkr ybmwgnh m drqdgmb rkba gn sea lkogbgtmsgkn fkr Jgemc.bvgg
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
19/29
Ow =735 gs taalt sems sea Tmqcg hkvarnlans xmt ramdegnh m ykgns xeara
cgybklmdw" fkraghn rabmsgknt mnc gnsarnmb mffmgrt xara dkncqdsac ow sea
@gnh egltabf. Emvgnh oanafgsac frkl sea fgrts fbkx kf kgb ravanqa" sea
`gnh" ekxavar" emc nk tanta kf fghqrat: =9"999 kr =9 lgbbgkn lamn lqde
sea tmla sk egl: mnc egt xam`natt gt auybkgsac sk sea fqbb ow egt lmnwymrmtgsat. Teag`e Wqtgf Wmtgn" xek dmrrgac sea oqrcan kf sea Lgngtsrw kf
Fkraghn Mffmgrt nk bknhar faabt moba sk camb xgse sea lmnw sadengdmbyrkobalt xegde nkx fra}qansbw mrgtasea @gnh rasmgnac xgsegn egt kxn
fmlgbw sea yktgsgkn kf qbsglmsa ratykntgogbgsw fkr sea mclgngtsrmsgkn mnc
tadqrgsw.bvggg Skhasear xgse rqlkqrt dkndarngnh sea @gnht eambse" gs
taalac sems Tmqcg Mrmogm xmt nks ramcw sk fmda sea dembbanha kf seadklgnh Ymbatsgna Xmr. Orgsgte raykrst dknsgnqac sk ykgns sk cgttmsgtfmdsgkn
gn Eajmz" sems Gon Tmqc kfsan mtdrgoac sk Emtealgsa gnsrghqat" oqs dkqbcxabb oa mssrgoqsac sk sea nahbads kf segt rahgkn ow sea @gnht Lgngtsar kf
Fgnmnda" Teag`e Mocqbbme Tqbmwlmn" xekta lknkykbgtsgd lamtqrat xaraoabgavac sk oa ratansac ow Egjmzg lardemns fmlgbgat.
Xmt Tmqcg Mrmogm gn m yktgsgkn sk tanc mrlgat gnsk Ymbatsgna xegde cgc
oats gn sea Ymbatsgna fghesgnh mt dbmglac gn m Sglat mrsgdba kn = Jqbw=735; Mddkrcgnh sk Orgsgte raykrst" tqde tsmsalanst xara tk fmnsmtsgd
sems gs taalac ykgnsbatt sk dkllans kn seagr glyrkomogbgswTmqcg srkkyt
nqloar =?99 gn Ymbatsgna %kr Ahwys' mnc mnksear =99 mra oagnh srmgnac.
Seaw xans kff xgse varw bgssba a}qgylans mnc nk mllqngsgkn. Sea lan
xara mblkts mbb qnsrmgnac mnc }qgsa qtabatt fkr lkcarn xmrfmra. Tkla kfseal cgc nks avan `nkx ekx sk fgra m rgfba. bgu Bmsar Orghmcgr Omgrc
dknfgrlac sems aghes mrlkqrac dmrt mnc m nqloar kf srqd`t xara
catymsdeac ms sea anc kf Jqbw =735 ow tam sk Ahwys.
Mhmgnts Orgsgte mttattlans kf kffgdgmb Tmqcg lgbgsmrw dknsrgoqsgkn sk sea
xmr" kffgdgmb egtskrw sabbt qt m cgffarans tskrw. Mddkrcgnh sk Tmqcg tkqrdat"
srkkyt xara tans ow mgr frkl Jaccme mgrykrs sk Dmgrk. A}qgylans mnc
eamvw lmdegnarw mrrgvac gn Tqaz ow tam. Lgngtsar kf Cafanda" Yrgnda
Lmntqr Gon Mocqbmzgz" xmt gn demrha kf sea lgbgsmrw lgttgkn sems xmtcgvgcac gnsk sxk qngst. Tmqcg srkkyt xara mttalobac gn Mrgte mnc tansserkqhe _mfme sk Hmzm xeara seaw anhmhac sea analw fkr tavan cmwt gn
tavarmb omssbat. Sea andkqnsar bac sk sea lmrswrckl kf Tmbge Oqemwrg"
Mocqbbme mb,Smtmn" Mocqbrmelmn mb,Temr" Melmc Nmtgr" mnc Jmogr Klrg"
gn mccgsgkn sk =43 camc mlknh sea vkbqnsaart. bu
Sea affgdmdw kf sea Tmqcg lgbgsmrw gnvkbvalans gn sea xmr ralmgnac
tqojads sk tyadqbmsgkn. Xegba seara gt m dknfgrlmsgkn kf sea yratanda kf
=?99 rahqbmr srkkyt mnc m fqrsear 199 grrahqbmrt xek xara tans sk Ahwys
sk fghes qncar Ahwysgmn dkllmnc" raykrst gncgdmsac sems sea nqloar kf
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
20/29
vkbqnsaart frkl nkrsearn Nmjc mnc ksear rahgknt kf Tmqcg Mrmogm xmt
eghear. _aykrst frkl Jaccme lansgknac sems 4999 srgoatlan xara ramcw
sk bamva fkr Ymbatsgna mnc sems seaw emc lmca seagr kxn mrrmnhalanst" nks
qncar sea mahgt kf sea Tmqcg hkvarnlans" sekqhe yaremyt sea hkvarnlans
dknngvac seagr hkgnh.bug Tmqcg raykrst dknfgrlac sems mrkqnc 1=4vkbqnsaart jkgnac sea Jgemc gn Ymbatsgna. Seaw gngsgmbbw xans mt gncgvgcqmbt
oqs xara bmsar krhmngtac gn m Tmqcg fmxj" qncar sea bamcartegy kf Fmec mb,
Lmrg`" xek xmt eknkqrac qykn egt rasqrn sk Tmqcg Mrmogm. Ea xrksa m
okk` kn sea Tmqcg vkbqnsaart gn Ymbatsgna mnc bgtsac sea nmlat kf lmrswrt.
Sea nmrrmsgva mokqs Tmqcg ymrsgdgymsgkn gn sea Ymbatsgngmn xmr kffarac m
xmw kqs kf sea cgballm kf Gon Tmqcg xegde mrkta gllacgmsabw mfsar eatqyyrattac Jgemc ms ekla xean ea sarlgnmsac sea raoabbgkn kf egt Jgemcg
g`exmn fghesart gn =7?8. Mb,Lmrg` xrksa mokqs sea nax vkbqnsaart mnc
sea lmrswrt xek fbmlac sea glmhgnmsgkn mt vmnhqmrct fqbfgbbgnh sea asekt
kf sea tsmsa kf lknkseagtl morkmc. Ea jqtsgfgac sea hrkqygnh kf Tmqcg
vkbqnsaart gn kna Tmqcg qngs rmsear semn mbbkxgnh seal sk cgtyarta xgseksear Mrmo vkbqnsaart kn sea omtgt kf affgdgandw. bugg Gs xmt kovgkqt"
ekxavar" sems sea hrkqygnh kf sea vkbqnsaart xmt lksgvmsac ow ykbgsgdmb
dkndarnt mnc famr kf larhgnh sea vkbqnsaart gn kna Mrmo lgbgsmrw
dkllmnc" ykttgobw qncar Twrgmn kr Grm}g lgbgsmrw dkllmnc.buggg Lmnw kf
sea vkbqnsaart lansgknac gn mb,Lmrg`t okk` xara raykrsac sk emva
radagvac lacmbt frkl sea Twrgmn mrlw. Sea Tmqcg alomttw gn Cmlmtdqtxmt yqs gn demrha kf fmdgbgsmsgnh sea raymsrgmsgkn kf lmrswrt mt gs dk,
krcgnmsac gst mdsgvgsgat xgse mb,Teqom mb,Tgwmtgwwm gn Tmqcg Mrmogm. Seayarfkrlmnda kf okse rahqbmr srkkyt mnc vkbqnsaart ralmgnac
dknsrkvartgmb. Tmqcg tkqrdat gnfbmsac seagr earkgtl xegba Orgsgte tkqrdat
cgtlgttac mnw vmbqmoba dknsrgoqsgkn. Gn kna Orgsgte raykrs" gs xmt tsmsacsems sea Tmqcg Mrmogmn lgbgsmrw dknsrgoqsgkn sk sea Ymbatsgna fghesgnh xmtnahbghgoba" mnc seagr dknsgnhans kosmgnac yqobgdgsw knbw xean m Qngsac
Nmsgknt kotarvar mnc egt ygbks las seagr camse ms seagr emnct ms Hmzm
mgrykrs.bugv Sea dabaormsgkn kf sea dknsrgoqsgkn kf Tmqcg vkbqnsaart gn
sea _atdqa Mrlw gt emgbac gn mbsarnmsgva Tmqcg nmrrmsgvat" lmgnbw gn sea
mddkqnst kf Tmqcg bafsgtst" nmsgknmbgtst mnc Nmttargsa kyyktgsgkn fghqrat kfsea =769t mt kna kf sea fgrts ykyqbmr lgbgsmrw mdsgkn sems xmt tkknmyyrkyrgmsac ow Gon Tmqc sk okkts egt kxn ymn,Mrmo dracansgmbt.
Xegba sea Tmqcg hkvarnlans yrafarrac sk tanc gst rahqbmr srkkyt sk fghes
qncar sea Ahwysgmn fbmh" sea ymttmha kf Tmqcg grrahqbmrt mnc vkbqnsaart sk
Ymbatsgna xmt dknsrkvartgmb. Gs xmt lkts nmsqrmb mnc bkhgdmb fkr laloart
kf sea nkrsearn srgoatlan sk mttaloba gn mb,Jmqf mnc yrkdaac sk
Srmntjkrcmn. Ekxavar" sea Tmqcg hkvarnlans xmnsac sk lkva seal sk
Twrgmn mrlw dansra ]msmnm" xats kf Cmlmtdqt. Fqmc Emlzm vgtgsacMllmn sk dead` xeasear Mlgr Mocqbbme emc mnw kojadsgknt. Sea Mlgr
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
21/29
xmt nks myymransbw ybamtac ms sea gcam sems sea Twrgmnt radagvgnh
ragnfkrdalans oqs ea rmgtac nk kojadsgknt. Sea Tmqcgt cgc nks xmns sktanc seata vkbqnsaart sk Ahwys" xeara sea rahqbmr srkkyt tqffarac eamvw
bkttat mt m ratqbs kf emvgnh oaan yqs gn mn qncqbw auyktac yktgsgkn ow sea
Ahwysgmn dkllmnc. buv Orgsgte kffgdgmbt gn Jaccme ykgnsac sk Gon Tmqcsems sea vkbqnsaart xara qtabatt gn m tgsqmsgkn kf lkcarn xmrfmra. Seaw
gntgtsac sems seaw xara qnsrmgnac mnc xgbb yrkomobw dmqta srkqobaxearavar seaw xans. Sea `gnh xmt nks dknvgndac.
Tmqcgt ratykncac sk Mrmo cafams gn Ymbatsgna" nkx rafarrac sk mt mb,nm`om"
ow atsmobgtegnh Bmjnms Ghemsems Fgbgtsgn" qncar sea cgradskrtegy kf Yrgnda
Fmwtmb. Mfsar m tyaade gn egt Ymbmda gn Smgf" sea dkllgssaa radagvac fgva
lgbbgkn _gwmbt xegde xmt srmntfarrac sk sea Mrmo Bamhqa" nkx dk,
krcgnmsgnh Mrmo rabgaf affkrst. Mddkrcgnh sk Tmqcg tkqrdat" segt tqlaudbqcac sea kffgdgmb mgc cgtymsdeac sk Ymbatsgngmn rafqhaat mnc sk jmwte
mb,gn}mse mb,mrmog mb,fgbgtsgng" Mrmo,Ymbatsgngmn _atdqa Mrlw.buvg Gon
Tmqc hmva gntsrqdsgkn sk alybkw Ymbatsgngmn rafqhaat gn sea nax kgb
gncqtsrw. Sekqtmnct kf myybgdmsgknt xara radagvac gn sea radrqgslans
mhandw gn Oagrqs0 knbw tavarmb eqncract xara radrqgsac ow M_MLDK" sealmgn Tmqcg alybkwar ms sea sgla.buvgg
Gon Tmqc mnc Mocqbbme qncar sea Temckx kf Ymbatsgna
Gon Tmqct dkndarn xgse sea Ymbatsgngmn yrkobal emc mbxmwt mttqlactadkncmrw glykrsmnda oadmqta egt yrglmrw dkndarn" xegde avansqmbbw
cavabkyac gnsk mn kotattgkn" xmt xgse sea hrkxgnh ykxar kf sea
Emtealgsa fmlgbw. Mddkrcgnh sk Orgsgte tkqrdat" ea emt navar radkndgbacegltabf sk sea mttqlysgkn kf gncayancans tsmsqt ow @gnh Mocqbbme@gnh
Mocqbbmet yartknmb mlogsgknt sk mdegava m Hramsar Twrgm xara m
yarlmnans tkqrda kf grrgsmsgkn gn _gwmce.buvggg @gnht Mocqbbmet
qnfbmssargnh ralmr`t kn Gon Tmqc" yqobgteac gn egt lalkgrt" xara m
yarlmnans tdmr ykgtkngnh rabmsgknt oasxaan sea sxk dklyasgnh ekqtat" m
dklyasgsgkn sems emc smrngteac Mrmo affkrst sk camb xgse Ymbatsgna. Ekyatsems sea vgtgs kf Yrgnda Fmwtmb sk Mllmn gn =736 lghes bamc sk seagngsgmsgkn kf cgybklmsgd rabmsgknt xara cgtmyykgnsac.
Xgse sea dknskqrt kf sea cafams kf Mrmo mrlgat gn Ymbatsgna bkklgnh oqs
nks was dknfgrlac" sxk mrdeanalgat yqs seagr egtskrgdmb anlgsgat mtgca" ms
bamts gn yqobgd. Emvgnh yaremyt bkts mnw ekya sk ravarta sea dkqrta kf
lgbgsmrw avanst gn Ymbatsgna mnc emvgnh oaan mttqrac sems @gnh Mocqbbmekf Srmntjkrcmnt mrlw gt yrakddqygac gn Ymbatsgna" mfsar ratgtsgnh Orgsgte
yrattqra fkr skk bknh" Gon Tmqc mddaysac sk radagva Egt Lmjatsw gn _gwmce
kn ?8,49 Jqna =735. Segt xmt yaremyt kna kf sea lkts glykrsmns avans gn
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
22/29
Tmqcg fkraghn rabmsgknt gn sems wamr. Sea laasgnh lmsargmbgtac yaremyt
knbw mfsar Gon Tmqc rambgtac sems Mocqbbme xmt skk kddqygac xgse
Ymbatsgna sk ykta mnw serams gn Egjmz. Tavarmb ewykseatat emc oaan yqs fkr
sea tqccan mnc qnauyadsac tekx kf Mocqbbme gn sea Tmqcg dmygsmb. Emvgnh
ramdeac kbc mha" Gon Tmqc lmw emva xmnsac sk dbkta sea demysar kfanlgsw xgse sea Emtealgsat sk yraymra sea hrkqnct fkr sea raghn kf egt
tkn Tmqc" xekl ea lmw nks emva dkntgcarac sk oa mn a}qmb lmsde skMocqbbmet gnsrghqat. Mbsarnmsgvabw Gon Tmqc lmw emva oaan lksgvmsac ow
m catgra sk dkntkbgcmsa egt rabmsgknt xgse Orgsmgn ms m sgla xean ea
mnsgdgymsac cgffgdqbsgat xgse sea Mlargdmnt" mn qnyracgdsmoba mnc bmrhabw
qnfmlgbgmr nax fkrda kn sea Mrmogmn tdana.bugu Gon Tmqc xmnsac Orgsmgnsk mrl egl gn tqde m xmw mt sk lmsde Mocqbbmet mrlw ms m sgla xean Gon
Tmqc xmt oahgnngnh sk rambgta sems egt hrmncgkta mnc mlogsgkn skhasear
xgse sea tadqrgsw kf egt rambl" xara nk bknhar tarvac ow egt srmcgsgknmbsrgomb xmrrgkrt.
@gnh Mocqbbme bmncac ms Cemermn mnc xmt las ow Drkxn Yrgnda Tmqc"
xek mddklymngac sea lknmrde sk _gwmce sea fkbbkxgnh cmw. Gon Tmqcxmt amhar sk calkntsrmsa sk Mocqbbme egt xambse mt ea yratansac egl kn
egt caymrsqra xgse =99"999 tkvaraghnt mt m yrkkf sems sea dkqnsrw cgc
mfsar mbb dknsmgn tklasegnh oatgcat tmnc.buu Mocqbbme xmnsac
mttqrmndat sems sea 4999 tk dmbbac grrahqbmrt xmgsgnh gn _gwmce sk jkgn sea
lqjmegcgn gn Ymbatsgna xkqbc nks oa mbbkxac sk ck tk. Sea vgtgs xmt
cqooac m tqddatt ow okse sea kffgdgmb yratt mnc m Egjmzg cgttgcans xekmclgssac sems sea vgtgs xkqbc anc mnw taymrmsgts sancandgat oasxaan sea
Egjmz mnc Najc mnc xkqbc mbbkx sea dkqnsrw sk cavabky kn m yrkyar omtgt
kf qngsw.buug
Sea laasgnh emc sea myyrkvmb kf sea Orgsmgn" xek emc oaan qrhgnh Gon
Tmqc sk radkndgba xgse @gnh Mocqbbme. Ekxavar" sea laasgnh xmt m
tqryrgta avan sk laloart kf sea Tmqcg rkwmb fmlgbw. Yrgnda Fmwtmb" bmsar
@gnh" xmt gn Bknckn ms sea sgla mnc gs xmt raykrsac sems ea emc nk
`nkxbacha kf mnw mrrmnhalans gn yraymrmsgkn fkr sea egtskrgdmbandkqnsar.buugg Mfsar fkqr cmwt" sea sxk lknmrdet gttqac m jkgnsdkllqng}q mffgrlgnh seagr tqyykrs fkr sea Mrmo Bamhqa mnc seagrcasarlgnmsgkn sk antqra sea gncayancanda kf mn Mrmo Ymbatsgna.buuggg
Tqde yqobgd cadbmrmsgknt xara sk oa fkbbkxac ow eqncrac kseart kvar sea
bmts embf dansqrw. Kna glykrsmns mtyads kf sea laasgnh ravkbvac mrkqnc
Gon Tmqc radkhngtgnh @gnh Mocqbbme mt mn gncayancans lknmrde mt ea
mddaysac sk audemnha cgybklmsgd rayratansmsgvat. Fkr m bknh sgla GonTmqc rahmrcac sea Orgsgte rayratansmsgva gn Jaccme mt ratykntgoba fkr sea
yrksadsgkn kf Jkrcmngmn gnsaratst. @gnh Mocqbbme mbxmwt gntgtsac sems seaGrm}g lgttgkn gn Tmqcg Mrmogm tekqbc oa ratykntgoba fkr segt smt`. Gon
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
23/29
Tmqc rafqtac fkr kovgkqt ramtknt. Gon Tmqc radkhngtac Mocqbbme mnc
radagvac egt cgybklmsgd rayratansmsgvat knbw mfsar sea bmssar xmt oagnh
taan ow Gon Tmqc mt emvgnh oaan dknfgnac sk m sarrgskrw sems xkqbc nks
hgva egl lkra bahgsglmdw mnc radkhngsgkn mlknh Mrmot. Tgu lknset mfsar
segt egtskrgd vgtgs kn sea 8 Jmnqmrw =737" sea anc kf ektsgbgsgat gn Ymbatsgnaxmt cadbmrac mnc gn sea tmla wamr Ahwys" Twrgm" Baomnkn mnc
Srmntjkrcmn tghnac mrlgtsgda sramsgat xgse Gtrmab. Mt m dkqnsrw xgse nk
dkllkn okrcart xgse Gtrmab" nk mrlgtsgda sramsw xmt tghnac xgse TmqcgMrmogm.
Sea nmrrmsgkn kf Tmqcg gnvkbvalans gn sea Ymbatsgna Xmr xmt xrgssan
frkl sea ykgns kf vgax kf m rahgla sems emc tsrgdsbw nmrrkx nmsgknmb
gnsaratst cafancac mhmgnts nks knbw sekta kf gst nagheokqrt oqs mbtk
mhmgnts sea gnsaratst kf sea Ymbatsgngmnt. Xgse sea lkqnsgnh Mrmonmsgknmbgts tansglanst aualybgfgac ow sea rgta kf Nmttar" sea Tmqcg rahglaxmt gnavgsmobw dkqnsac mlknh sekta rahglat sems tkbc Ymbatsgna sk sea
Jaxt" fkqhes Mrmo qngsw mnc eqlgbgmsac sea Mrmo nmsgkn. Xegba ksear
Mrmo lknmrdet mnc yratgcanst bkts seagr bgvat kr kqtsac fkbbkxgnh mb,
nm`om" Gon Tmqc tqrvgvac sea Ymbatsgngmn cafams mnc cgac m nmsqrmb camse.Sea fbgrsmsgkn kf egt tqddattkr" @gnh Tmqc" xgse Nmttgr gn sea =769t
tekqbc oa qncartskkc mt m ow,yrkcqds kf sea amrbw Mrmo lknmrdegdmbcafams gn Ymbatsgna" oqs segt gt mnksear demysar gn mnksear okk`.
Kvar Ymbatsgna sea Tmqcg `gnh calkntsrmsac m ralmr`moba tarvgba mssgsqcask sea Orgsgte mhmgnts sea reaskrgd kf sea Jgemc sems xmt lamns sk cafanc
sea ekbw bmnc mnc sea Ymbatsgngmnt. Sea fmds sems tqde ewykdrgtw xmt nks
avgcans sk egt tqojadst rafbadst sea cavabkylans kf Tmqcg tkdgasw ms sea
sgla. Sea @gnh fra}qansbw vkgdac egt yarybaugsw kn sea mckysac Orgsgteykbgsgdmb bgna mnc avan auybgdgsbw xmrnac kf targkqt dknta}qandat mnc
yrkobalt sems Orgsgte ykbgdgat" gn egt vgax" xkqbc dmqta. Gon Tmqc xkqbc
avansqmbbw omd` sea Orgsgte hkvarnlans" xegba fgncgnh m xmw sk yratansegt cadgtgknt sk sea Mrmo mqcganda gn m xmw sems xkqbc nks cmlmha egt
tk,dmbbac yratsgha.
Tmvgnh fmda mnc yartknmb gnsarats" `aaygnh egltabf fgrlbw gn ykxar" mnc
dknsrmtsgnh sea rgta kf sea Emtealgsat gn rahgknmb ykbgdw: segt myyamrt skoa sea ekrgzkn kf Gon Tmqct ykbgsgdmb vgtgkn. Sk mdegava segt" Gon Tmqc
emc sk `aay mt dbkta mt ykttgoba sk sea lghesw rahgknmb ykxar" Orgsmgn" m
yktgsgkn sems sea Mb,Tmqc emc lmgnsmgnac qnsgb sea yratans cmw. Mbbgmnda
xgse Orgsmgn xmt glykrsmns fkr ombmndgnh xgse sea Emtealgsat mnc kvar
rahgknmb ykxart. Segt xmt naacac sk `aay Tmqcg Mrmogm fgrlbw qncar egt
rqba. Ea tmx Mrmo qngsw mt mnksear nmla fkr rahgknmb ykxar tsrqhhba gn
sea temckx kf Orgsmgn. Ea emc m varw yrmhlmsgd vgax kf Gtbmlgd
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
24/29
tkbgcmrgsw. Gs gt cgffgdqbs sk `nkx xems Gtbml lamns fkr egl" mymrs frkl
bahgsglmsgkn fkrlqbm fkr dkntkbgcmsgnh egt yratsgha gnsarnmbbw mncausarnmbbw.
Ms sea sgla Tmqcg tkdgasw emc nk gncghankqt Mrmo nmsgknmbgtst sk dmqtasrkqoba fkr Gon Tmqc. Segt tkdgasw ktdgbbmsac mnc tsgbb ktdgbbmsat oasxaan
nmrrkx yrglkrcgmb gcansgsgat ravkbvgnh mrkqnc `gn" srgoa" tads mnc rahgkn
mnc mn mloghqkqt qlmlg hbkomb Gtbmlgd gcansgsw andkqrmhac ow rabghgkqt
tarlknt cabgvarac ow Gon Tmqct qbmlm xek emc varw bglgsac mnc
ymrkdegmb acqdmsgkn. Okse rabghgkqt cgtdkqrta mnc kffgdgmb reaskrgd mnc
bmsar tsmsgtsgdt ckdqlansgnh Tmqcg tyancgnh kn Lqtbgl dmqtat dramsac sea
gbbqtgkn kf cafancgnh Ymbatsgngmnt. Tmqcgt tqotdrgoac sk sea sxk kyyktac
gcansgsgat xgsekqs oagnh moba sk yrkcqda Mrmo nmsgknmb tansglanst"
egtskrgdmbbw m yrkcqds kf cgrads dkbkngmb rqba mnc lmncmsat. Mt TmqcgMrmogm xmt jqtsgfgac qncar sea yrasaus kf yqrgfwgnh sea eamrsbmnc kf Gtbml
frkl obmtyealw" seara xmt nk rkkl fkr mn kvarmrdegnh Mrmo gcansgsw.
Xgse sea fgnmbgtgnh kf okrcart gn sea rahgkn" Orgsmgn dbktac sea hmsat kf
Jgemc fkr Tmqcgt" xek emc sk dknsanc xgse smxegc ravkbqsgkn gn kna
rahgkn gn sea Mrmo xkrbc. Gn bmsar wamrt Tmqcgt yrkvac sk oa lkra amtgbwlkogbgtac sk cafanc Lqtbglt mhmgnts dkllqngtl semn ow cafancgnh
Mrmo nmsgknmb gnsaratst" m tgsqmsgkn tsgbb srqa skcmw. Cqrgnh sea Ymbatsgna
drgtgt" Orgsgte kffgdgmbt navar ckqosac sems Gon Tmqc xmt seagr lmn. Gf
avar seaw emc ckqost kn egl" gs xmt kn egt mdqlan mt m ykbgsgdgmn" nks kn
egt frganctegy. Seaw skk` egt dkllanst mnc tansglanst targkqtbw" nks skfkbbkx seal" oqs sk lm`a qy seagr kxn lgnc kn sea rahgknmb mnc ykbgsgdmbdbglmsa. Orgsgte ykbgsgdmb tsrmsahw kf cgvgca mnc rqba xegba ybmwgnh sea
rkba kf sea naqsrmb mrogsar" dkqbc nks emva fkqnc m oassar
ymrsnar+mddklybgda semn Gon Tmqc" egltabf ybmwgnh tavarmb rkbat rmnhgnh
frkl sea ygkqt Glml" sea srgomb ymsrgmrde" mnc sea xgta mnc dmqsgkqt
Lqtbgl bamcar. Egt rkba gn Orgsgte catghnt xmt lkts attansgmb" cqa sk egtamrbw kddqymsgkn" xgse Orgsgte myyrkvmb" kf sea Sxk Ekbw Lkt}qat.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
25/29
g Taa Lm`smoms mb,Cmrm mb,Lgmxgwwm" Gtcmrms Cmrms mb,Lmbg` Mocqbmzgz" nc.
gg Tmqcg ckdqlanst mnc Gon Tmqct bassart kn sea Ymbatsgngmn drgtgt xara
yqobgteac ow Fmec mb,Tmlmrg" xek bac m ratamrde saml sk yqobgte mbb Tmqcg
ckdqlanst kn Ymbatsgna. Taa Fmec mb,Tmlmrg xmsemg} mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm
mb,tmqcgwwm mb,smrg`egwwm: mb,}mcgwwm mb,fgbgtsgngwwm =7?7,=714" _gwmce: cmrms
mb,Lmbg` Mocqbmzgz =3??E.
ggg Mncrax _wmn 49 Jqbw =74?" DK84?+68+8" _abmsgknt oasxaan Gon Tmqc mnc
ELH.
gv Gogc: Tgr Mncrax _wmn 49 Jqbw =74?" DK84?+68+8" _abmsgknt oasxaan Gon
Tmqc mnc ELH
v Mocqbbme mb,Qsemwlgn smrg`e mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm" segrc wamr
tadkncmrw acqdmsgkn saus okk`" _gwmce: Xgzmrms mb,lmmrgf" =774" yy. =43,=41
vg Mb,Tmfmfg Melmc mb,Lqrtg Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg` Mocqbmzgz Cmrms mb,Lmbg`
Mocqbmzgz" _gwmce" =751.
vgg Gogc: =68. Bassar frkl Gon Tmqc sk Mlgn mb,Eqtagng =7 Faorqmrw =74?.
vggg Kn sea =741,48 sqroqbanda gn Ymbatsgna" taa Omteaar Nmfg Temw`e Gzz mb,
Cgn mb,]mttml: M _afkrlgts mnc m _aoab Bamcar" Jkqrnmb kf Gtbmlgd Tsqcgat
5:? %=778' yy =51,?=1.
gu Sabahrml sk Tgr Mncrax _wmn %Jaccm' FK sk Tmqcg Mrmogm = Lmw =746Mgr
?+=515.
u Tgr Mncrax _wmn 49 Jqbw =74?" DK84?+68+8" _abmsgknt oasxaan Gon Tmqc
mnc ELH.
ug Tgr Mncrax _wmn 49 Myrgb =746 Mgr ?+=515.
ugg Tgr Mncrax _wmn 49 Myrgb =748 Mgr ?+=515.
uggg Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg`: ?65. Bassar frkl Gon Tmqc sk Orgsgte Hkvarnlans =
Jmnqmrw =748.
ugv Gogc: ?8=. Bassar frkl Gon Tmqc sk Orgsgte Hkvarnlans = Jmnqmrw =748.
uv Gogc: ?59. Bassar frkl Gon Tmqc sk Orgsgte Hkvarnlans ?9 Jmnqmrw =745.
uvg Gogc: ?5=. Bassar frkl Gon Tmqc sk Orgsgte Hkvarnlans ?9 Jmnqmrw =745.
uvgg Lr Acan sk Lr Dmbvars %Jaccm' Amtsarn %Mrmogm' 8 Jqbw =746 Mgr =+=515.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
26/29
uvggg Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg` = Jmnqmrw =748" yy. ?89,?8=.
ugu Lgn mb,`eqsmo mb,lmbg` Taysaloar =746" yy. ?81.
uu FK ?7 Jqbw =746" Dmbvars At}" Jaccm Mgr ?+=515.
uug Sabahrml frkl Ykbgsgdmb _atgcans %Omermgn' sk Fkraghn Kffgda =3 Jqbw =748.
Mgr ?+=515.
uugg Sabahrml frkl Tgr Oqbbmrc %Jaccm' sk Fkraghn Kffgda ?3 Lmrde =748" Mgr
?+ =515.
uuggg Mrmo Lkvalans" srmntlgs catymsde sk Jaccm nk 3?= rahmrcgnh Tmqcg
mssgsqca sk FK" 3 Nkvaloar =748" H.X. _ancab FK =3=+686" =478 Mrmo
Lkvalans.
uugv _ktalmrw Tmgc Zmebmn Fgbgtsgn xm mb,`embgj mb,Lqtsm}omb mb,Mrmog
vkbqla 5" ?99?" yy. 46,1?. Kn ekx @qxmgs mnc Omermgn ratykncac sk sea
Ymbatsgna drgtgt" taa _ktalmrw Tmgc Zmebmn Sea Hqbf Tsmsat mnc sea YmbatsgnaYrkobal =746,35 gn Mrmo Tsqcgat ]qmrsarbw vkbqla 4" nqloar =" xgnsar =75="
yy. =,?=.
uuv Lgnqsat ow Hakrha _ancab" dknvartmsgkn xgse Tmqcg Lgngtsar rahmrcgnh
Ymbatsgna tqyykrs" FK =3=+686" =748
uuvg Mrmo Lkvalans" Hakrha _ancab" bassar sk Dkbkngmb Kffgda rahmrcgnh
mbbahac mdsgvgsw kn sea Srmntjkrcmn,Tmqcg frknsgar cgradsac mhmgnts Ymbatsgna FK
5 Nkvaloar =748" FK =3=+686" =748" Mrmo Lkvalans.
uuvgg Mocqbbme mb,Qsemwlgn Smrg`e mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm"
vkbqla GG" _gwmce: Lm`smoms mb,Qomw`mn" =771" yy. ?68,?8?.
uuvggg Kn sea cadbgna kf sea nqloar kf ygbhrglt sk Laddm cqrgnh sea adknklgd
radattgkn" taa Fqmc Emlzm mb,ogbmc mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm" _gwmce: Lm`smomsmb,Nmtr mb,Emcgsem" =765" tadknc acgsgkn" yy. ?=7
uugu Mrmo Lkvalans bassar sk Dkbkngmb Kffgda rahmrcgnh mbbahac mdsgvgsw" FK 5
Nkvaloar =748" FK =3=+686.
uuu Mrmo Lkvalans Srmntlgs Catymsde sk Jaccm nk.3?= rahmrcgnh Tmqcg
Mssgsqca sk FK" 3 Nkvaloar =748" FK =3=+686" =748.
uuug EL Lgngtsart Gnsarvgax xgse `gnh Mocqbmzgz" Orgsgte Bahmsgkn" Jaccm" =5
Cadaloar =748" FK =3=+686" =748.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
27/29
uuugg Frkl Oqbbmrc" Gon Tmqct mrlac fkrdat" Orgsgte Bahmsgkn" Jaccm ?7
Nkvaloar =747" nk. =65" FK 48=+?3157" Ykbgsgdmb Amtsarn Tmqcg Mrmogm.
uuuggg FK 48=+1?5?6 Tmqcg Mrmogm =736" Orgsgte Bahmsgkn" Jaccm 5 Jqna =736.
uuugv FK 48=+6?=9= Tmqcg Mrmogm =738" fgba 345?" _akrhmngtmsgkn kf Tmqcg
Mrmogmn Mrlw" =5 Kdskoar =738.
uuuv _abmsgknt oasxaan Gon Tmqc mnc Mlgr Mocqbbme" Frkl Kffgda kf Orgsgte
_atgcans" Mllmn ?1 Myrgb =73?" FK 48=+ 4=317" =73?.
uuuvg FK 48=+65887 Mnnqmb _aykrs" Orgsgte Alomttw" Jaccm" Lr Srkss sk
Oavgn" =? Faorqmrw =735.
uuuvgg FK 48=+31?48 Amtsarn =731" Hanarmb" fgba nqloar 4
uuuvggg FK 48=+31?48 Amtsarn =731" Mrmo Qngsw" yy. =,?
uuugu FK 48=+31?48 Amtsarn =731" Mrmo Qngsw" yy 1
ub FK+48=+31?48 Amtsarn =731" Mrmo Qngsw" yy. 6
ubg Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg` yy. 499
ubgg Lq`esmrms lgn mb,`eqsmo mb,lmbm`gwwm" vkbqla G" _gwmce: Lm`smoms mb,
Cmrm mb,Lgmxgwwm" =777" yy. =34
ubggg Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg` yy. 49?,49=
ubgv Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg`" yy. 498
ubv Lgn `eqsmo mb,lmbg`" yy. 498,495
ubvg FK 48=+6=159 Amtsar =738" Hanarmb FK crmfs sabahrml" ? Cadaloar =738.
ubvgg FK 48=+6=159 Amtsar =738" Hanarmb Mrmo mdsgvgsgat gn dknnadsgkn xgse
Ymbatsgna frkl Jaccm sk FK" Lr M.D. Srkss. =9 Cadaloar =738.
ubvggg FK 48=+6=159 Amtsarn =738 FK crmfs sabahrml ? Cadaloar =738.
ubgu Mocqbfmsme Moq Mbgwwm mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm xm }mcgwms
fgbgtsgn" _gwmce: mb,Cmrm =777" yy. 4=4,4=3.
b Mocqbfmsme Moq Mbgwwm mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm xm }mcgwms
fgbgtsgn" _gwmce: mb,Cmrm =777" yy 4=8.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
28/29
bg FK 448=+6?=11 Amtsar" =738 Frkl Jaccm sk FK Lr M.D. Srkss 7 Cadaloar
=738.
bgg FK 48=+6?==? Amtsarn =738 Tmqcg Mrmogm" Lr M.D. Srkss sk Lr Oavgn =?
Cadaloar =738.
bggg Mocqbbme Gon Lgsmo Gon _mtegc xmt sea abavanse mlgr kf Emgb. Ea
tqrrancarac sk Gon Tmqc gn =7?=. Ea lkvac sk _gwmce xegba egt dkqtgn
Lqemllmc Gon Smbmb Gon _mtegc dknsgnqac ratgtsmnda qnsgb Nkvaloar =7?=.
Fkr fqrsear casmgbt" taa Lmcmxg Mb,_mteaac Ykbgsgdt gn mn Mrmogm Kmtgt: sea
_mtegcgt kf Tmqcg Mrmogm Bknckn: G.O. Smqrgt" =77=" yy. 63
bgv Okse Smbmb gon _mtegc" sea dkqtgn kf sea sxk _mtegcg orkseart xek atdmyac
sk Grm} mnc sea cmqhesar kf kna kf seal dknfgrl segt tskrw.
bv FK 48=+65887 Mnnqmb _aykrs =738 M.D. Srkss Orgsgte Alomttw Jaccm sk
Oavgn =? Faorqmrw =735. Segt gt m rafaranda sk Mocqbbmet lalkgrt. Taa
Mocqbbme gon mb,Eqttagn Lqsem`mrmsg Mllmn: mb,Mebgwwm =757 acgsgkn.
bvg @emwrgwwm ]mtgl jmxmngo lgn tgwmtms mb,lmbg` Mocqbmzgz sgjme mb,}mcmwm
mb,Mrmogwwm _gwmce: mb,Cmrm=3=7" yy. 59.
bvgg Mocqbfmsme Moq Mbgwwm mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm xm }mcgwms
fgbgtsgn" _gwmce: mb,Cmrm =777" yy 4?=
bvggg FK 48=+65887 Mnnqmb _aykrs Srkss" Orgsgte Alomttw Jaccm sk Oavgn=?
Faorqmrw =735
bgu FK 48=+65855 Amtsarn =735 Tmqcg Mrmogm fgba nqloar 7653 Orgsgte
Alomttw Jaccm ymrsgdgymsgkn kf Tmqcg Srkkyt gn sea Fghesgnh gn Ymbatsgna. ==
Jqbw =735.
bu Tmbge Jmlmb mb,Emrgrg mb,jmwte mb,tmqcg fg fgbgtsgn %=719'" rayrgnsac ow Cmrms
mb,Lmbg` Mocqbmzgz" _gwmce ?99=. Yy. 17.
bug FK 48=+65855 Amtsarn =735 Tmqcg Mrmogm fgba nqloar 7653 frkl Srkss"
Jaccm" ?= Mqhqts =735.
bugg Mocqbrmegl Jmlqt mbbgjmn mb,temogwwm bg lqtmcms lqjmegcg fgbgtsgn fg mb,
lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm Cmrms mb,Lmbg` Mocqbmzgz _gwmce" =3??E.
Yy. =5,=7
buggg Mocqbfmsme Moq Mbgwwm mb,lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm xm }mcgwms
fgbgtsgn _gwmce: mb,Cmrm =777" yy 4?4
bugv FK 48=+81191" =737 Amtsar" Tmqcg Mrmogm" Mnnqmb _avgax fkr =735" yy. 3.
-
7/30/2019 Saudi Arabia and the 1948 Palestine War: Beyond Official History
29/29
buv FK 48=+65855 Amtsarn =735 Tmqcg Mrmogm fgba nqloar 7653 Orgsgte
Alomttw Jaccm ymrsgdgymsgkn kf Tmqcg Srkkyt gn sea Fghesgnh gn Ymbatsgna. ==
Jqbw =735.
buv FK 48=+65855 Amtsarn =735 Tmqcg Mrmogm fgba nqloar 418 frkl Srkss"
Jaccm 4= Kdskoar =735.
buvg Mocqbrmegl Jmlkqt mb,bgjmn mb,temogwwm bglqtmmcms lqjmegcg fgbgtsgn fg mb,
lmlbm`m mb,mrmogwwm mb,tmqcgwwm _gwmce: mb,Cmrm =3??" yy. =7,?9.
buvgg Lmcmxg Mb,_mteaac m Egtskrw kf Tmqcg Mrmogm" Dmlorgcha: Dmlorgcha
Qngvartgsw Yratt" ?99?" yy.
buvggg A ?591+?591+?1 Tmqcg Mrmogm Mnnqmb _aykrs =38" y. 39,3=
bugu M lmjkr dkndarn xmt sea }qatsgkn kf sea mgr omta ms Cemermn" lmgnsmgnac
ow sea Qngsac Tsmsat Mgr Fkrda qncar mn mhraalans xegde xmt cqa sk auygra gn
=737. Mbsekqhe Gon Tmqc cgc nks xmns sea Mlargdmnt sk xgsecrmx" ea xmnsac
sk kosmgn sea oats ykttgoba sarlt gn rasqrn fkr hrmnsgnh sea Mlargdmnt sea rghes
sk ralmgn gn kddqymsgkn. Taa FK 48=+81191 Tmqcg Mrmogm Mnnqmb _avgax
=735" y. 6
buu A ?591+?591+?1 Tmqcg Mrmogm Mnnqmb _aykrs =38" y. 65,67
buug A ?591+?591+?1 Tmqcg Mrmogm Mnnqmb _aykrs =38" y.67
buugg FK 48=+81191 Tmqcg Mrmogm: Mnnqmb _avgax =735" y.1
buuggg Gogc.