Satellite Communication

Satellite Communication

Group Members Talha Khan (13083122-025) Mubashar Husain Shah (13083122-026) Ali Hasnain (13083122-028) Jamal Shams Khanzada (13083122-035)

What is a Satellite?A Satelliteis a manufactured object that orbits Earth or something else in space on a continual basis. Artificial satellites are used to study the universe, help forecast the weather, transfer telephone calls and assist in ship and aircraft navigation.

What is Communication?Exchange of information via speaking, writing or any other medium. Communication can be of any type, it may b through text SMS or letter or a telephone call or 3G video call or an image.

What is satellite Communication?Acommunications satelliteis an artificial satellitethat relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates acommunicationchannel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth.

What is transponder?In a communicationssatellite, atranspondergathers signals over a range of uplink frequencies and re-transmits them on a different set of downlink frequencies to receivers on Earth, often without changing the content of the received signal or signals

Worlds First SatelliteIn 1957, the world was surprised to see the Soviets launch the first satellite into orbit, with most expecting the USA to be the first to do so. The satellite, named Sputnik 1, transmitted a simple radio signal back to earth for 21 days and remained in orbit for a further 6 months.

Sputnik

World 2nd Satellite

Sputnik 2 was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on 3 November 1957, and the first to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika.

Worlds first spacecraft

The Vostok was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight in history was accomplished on this spacecraft on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

Parts of a SatelliteCommand AntennaCommunication AntennaSolar CellsBatteriesRadio Receivers and transmittersRocket FuelMain pocket MotorRocket Thrusters

PrincipleThe fundamental principle to be understood concerning satellites is that a satellite is a projectile. That is to say, a satellite is an object upon which the only force is gravity.Newton was first to theorize it. One launched in space, the only force acting on it is the force of gravity that continuously pulls it towards earth but as after very 8000m the along the horizon, earth curves downward by 5m.

What is the size of Communication Satellite?Size varies. Communication satellites can be as big as a small school bus and weigh up to 6 tons, the Federal Communications Commission says. Most weigh a few tons or less. Some that are used briefly are 4 inch cubes and weigh about 2 pounds.*

*http://talkingpointsmemo.com/idealab/satellites-earth-orbit

Where are Communication SatellitesCommunications satellites relay signals from a fixed spot on the equator, about 22,000 miles up. GPS satellites are at 12,400 miles, high enough to be accessible to large swaths of the Earth. Others that need a closer look at Earth are lower. For comparison, the International Space Station is only about 260 miles high, and very few satellites are lower than that.

Number of Communication SatellitesCountryNumber of SatellitesU.S.A502Russia118

China116Thailand04

Total Satellites3700Working1100Not Working2600

About 1017 satellites provide civilian communication and about 792 military communication

Satellites of PakistanPakistan sent his first (and internationally 1153rd) satellite in space named Paksat 1 later it was replaced with Paksat 1R on 11 August 2011. It is working on a downlink frequency of 3700-4200MHz and uplink frequency of 5925-6425MHz.

Future WorksNow the solar cells used in the satellite are upgrading by upgrading the material used in making cell. Further good and long lasting batteries are being used. We are using thermal maps in future.

Thank You